Topic
Convention on Biological Diversity
About: Convention on Biological Diversity is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2232 publications have been published within this topic receiving 65599 citations. The topic is also known as: CBD & United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the multi-level management of a semi-natural grassland at Tarōji, in Soni village, in Nara prefecture, in Japan.
Abstract: Japan is facing a bio-diversity crisis as a result of rapid industrialisation. The Japanese Ministry of the Environment formulated a National Biodiversity Strategy based on the Convention on Biological Diversity signed at the Earth Summit in 1992. After an amendment in 2002, the National Biodiversity Strategy addressed three crises in biodiversity: over-exploitation and development that destroys habitats, underutilisation (the satoyama problem) and artificially introduced factors (chemicals, alien species and so on). This paper focuses on the second problem. Secondary natural environments called satoyama have been created and maintained over the centuries by human activity. Because natural environments in Japan have been affected by human-induced disturbances for 35,000 years, many species have evolved in response to these disturbances. If the human activities cease, many of the species that have evolved to survive in managed environments become threatened. Many satoyama have been managed as commonage or common lands, called iriai in Japan. One natural resource system created by commoners is semi-natural grassland, and economic modernisation has led to abandonment of traditional management practices on these grasslands – one of the more evident changes in Japanese iriai practices. Before industrialisation, semi-natural grasslands were managed as a source of green manure, as a harvest for roofing materials (thatch) and as pasture for animals. After industrialisation, however, introduction of chemical fertilizers, changes in building practices and importation of animal feeds rapidly decreased the use value of these grasslands for local residents. On the other hand, their value as public goods – as historical, cultural landscapes and places of biodiversity – which concern a much broader population than the local community – became relatively more important. The resulting problem is how to manage this resource with its new value for new beneficiaries. This paper examines the multi-level management of a semi-natural grassland at Tarōji, in Soni village, in Nara prefecture. In Soni village, members of the local community provide key management input, while local government at the village and prefecture levels share management costs.
23 citations
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TL;DR: The Census of Marine Life aids practical work of the Convention on Biological Diversity, discovers and tracks ocean biodiversity, and supports marine environmental planning.
Abstract: The Census of Marine Life aids practical work of the Convention on Biological Diversity, discovers and tracks ocean biodiversity, and supports marine environmental planning.
23 citations
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TL;DR: In the context of the negotiations on the post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework, the authors found that targets for area-based interventions are framed overwhelmingly with measures that fail to inform decision-makers about impact and that risk diverting limited resources away from achieving it.
Abstract: One of the basic purposes of protected areas and other effective area-based conservation interventions is to achieve conservation impact, the sum of avoided biodiversity loss and promoted recovery relative to outcomes without protection. In the context of the Convention on Biological Diversity's negotiations on the post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework, we find that targets for area-based interventions are framed overwhelmingly with measures that fail to inform decision-makers about impact and that risk diverting limited resources away from achieving it. We show that predicting impact in space and time is feasible and can provide the basis for global guidance for jurisdictions to develop targets for conservation impact and shift investment priorities to areas where impact can be most effectively achieved.
23 citations
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Northern Arizona University1, Bishop Museum2, National Research Council3, American Museum of Natural History4, Universidade Federal de Lavras5, University of L'Aquila6, National Autonomous University of Mexico7, Wildlife Conservation Society8, University of Murcia9, Federal University of São Carlos10, Eastern Kentucky University11, University of the Azores12, Ames Research Center13, Thompson Rivers University14, IFREMER15, University of Ljubljana16, The Nature Conservancy17, Isfahan University of Technology18, University of Vienna19, Museum für Naturkunde20, United States Army Corps of Engineers21, Sálim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History22, University of Milan23, Spanish National Research Council24, University of Alabama in Huntsville25, University of Nova Gorica26, Southwest Research Institute27, University of Florida28, University of Exeter29, University of Valencia30, Hampden–Sydney College31, South China Agricultural University32, Government of Western Australia33, Autonomous University of Madrid34, Chinese Academy of Sciences35
23 citations