Topic
Convention on Biological Diversity
About: Convention on Biological Diversity is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2232 publications have been published within this topic receiving 65599 citations. The topic is also known as: CBD & United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity.
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Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg1, Centre national de la recherche scientifique2, Microsoft3, University of Wisconsin-Madison4, Stellenbosch University5, Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency6, University of British Columbia7, Global Biodiversity Information Facility8, United Nations Environment Programme9, Trinity College, Dublin10, Sapienza University of Rome11
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors explored the interactions among targets and the time-lags between implemented measures and desired outcomes to develop a framework that can reduce the overall burden associated with the implementation of the Strategic Plan.
63 citations
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Institut de recherche pour le développement1, Bedford Institute of Oceanography2, University of Cape Town3, University of Sheffield4, Memorial University of Newfoundland5, Spanish National Research Council6, Cawthron Institute7, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science8, Wageningen University and Research Centre9, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation10
TL;DR: This report summarizes the outcomes of an IndiSeas workshop aimed at using ecosystem indicators to evaluate the status of the world’s exploited marine ecosystems in support of an ecosystem approach to fisheries, and global policy drivers such as the 2020 targets of the Convention on Biological Diversity.
Abstract: This report summarizes the outcomes of an IndiSeas workshop aimed at using ecosystem indicators to evaluate the status of the world’s exploited marine ecosystems in support of an ecosystem approach to fisheries, and global policy drivers such as the 2020 targets of the Convention on Biological Diversity. Key issues covered relate to the selection and integration of multi-disciplinary indicators, including climate, biodiversity and human dimension indicators, and to the development of data- and model-based methods to test the performance of ecosystem indicators in providing support for fisheries management. To enhance the robustness of our cross-system comparison, unprecedented effort was put in gathering regional experts from developed and developing countries, working together on multi-institutional survey datasets, and using the most up-to-date ecosystem models.
62 citations
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01 Jan 2008
TL;DR: Turning Plant Varieties into Intellectual Property: The UPOV Convention as discussed by the authors, the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) and the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), and the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (ITPGRFA).
Abstract: Preface * Part I: A Changing Food System * Food, Farming and Global Rules * Part II: The Key Global Negotiations and Agreements * Turning Plant Varieties into Intellectual Property: The UPOV Convention * Bringing Minimum Global Intellectual Property Standards into Agriculture: The Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) * Promoting and Extending the Reach of Intellectual Property: The World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) * Safeguarding Biodiversity: The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) * Giving Priority to the Commons: The International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (ITPGRFA) * The Negotiations Web: Complex Connections * Part III: Responses, Observations and Prospects * Responding to Change * Postcards from International Negotiations * Global Rules, Local Needs * Glossary * Index
62 citations
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TL;DR: It is concluded that the narrow focus of human innovative activity and ownership of genetic resources is unlikely to be in the long term interest of humanity and a broader spectrum of biodiversity needs to be opened up to research and development based on the principles of equitable benefit-sharing.
Abstract: Biological diversity in the patent system is an enduring focus of controversy but empirical analysis of the presence of biodiversity in the patent system has been limited. To address this problem we text mined 11 million patent documents for 6 million Latin species names from the Global Names Index (GNI) established by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) and Encyclopedia of Life (EOL). We identified 76,274 full Latin species names from 23,882 genera in 767,955 patent documents. 25,595 species appeared in the claims section of 136,880 patent documents. This reveals that human innovative activity involving biodiversity in the patent system focuses on approximately 4% of taxonomically described species and between 0.8–1% of predicted global species. In this article we identify the major features of the patent landscape for biological diversity by focusing on key areas including pharmaceuticals, neglected diseases, traditional medicines, genetic engineering, foods, biocides, marine genetic resources and Antarctica. We conclude that the narrow focus of human innovative activity and ownership of genetic resources is unlikely to be in the long term interest of humanity. We argue that a broader spectrum of biodiversity needs to be opened up to research and development based on the principles of equitable benefit-sharing, respect for the objectives of the Convention on Biological Diversity, human rights and ethics. Finally, we argue that alternative models of innovation, such as open source and commons models, are required to open up biodiversity for research that addresses actual and neglected areas of human need. The research aims to inform the implementation of the 2010 Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and the Equitable Sharing of Benefits Arising from their Utilization and international debates directed to the governance of genetic resources. Our research also aims to inform debates under the Intergovernmental Committee on Intellectual Property and Genetic Resources, Traditional Knowledge and Folklore at the World Intellectual Property Organization.
62 citations