Showing papers on "Coplanar waveguide published in 2006"
24 Apr 2006
TL;DR: Implementation of floating shields for on-chip transmission lines, inductors, and transformers implemented in production silicon CMOS or BiCMOS technologies is compatible with current and projected design constraints for production deep-submicron silicon technologies without process modifications.
Abstract: This paper introduces floating shields for on-chip transmission lines, inductors, and transformers implemented in production silicon CMOS or BiCMOS technologies. The shield minimizes losses without requiring an explicit on-chip ground connection. Experimental measurements demonstrate Q-factor ranging from 25 to 35 between 15 and 40 GHz for shielded coplanar waveguide fabricated on 10 /spl Omega//spl middot/cm silicon. This is more than a factor of 2 improvement over conventional on-chip transmission lines (e.g., microstrip, CPW). A floating-shielded, differentially driven 7.4-nH inductor demonstrates a peak Q of 32, which is 35% higher than an unshielded example. Similar results are realizable for on-chip transformers. Floating-shielded bond-pads with 15% less parasitic capacitance and over 60% higher shunt equivalent resistance compared to conventional shielded bondpads are also described. Implementation of floating shields is compatible with current and projected design constraints for production deep-submicron silicon technologies without process modifications. Application examples of floating-shielded passives implemented in a 0.18-/spl mu/m SiGe-BiCMOS are presented, including a 21-26-GHz power amplifier with 23-dBm output at 20% PAE (at 22 GHz), and a 17-GHz WLAN image-reject receiver MMIC which dissipates less than 65 mW from a 2-V supply.
340 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a wideband coplanar waveguide was used to feed the balanced printed dipole antenna, where two silicon photo switches were placed on small gaps in both dipole arms equidistant from the center feed.
Abstract: A design for an optically reconfigurable printed dipole antenna is presented. A wideband coplanar waveguide (CPW) to coplanar stripline (CPS) transition is used to feed the balanced printed dipole. Two silicon photo switches are placed on small gaps in both dipole arms equidistant from the centre feed. Light from two infrared laser diodes channelled through fiber optic cables is applied to the switches. With the gaps in the dipole bridged, the antenna resonates at a lower frequency. Measured return loss results that compare well to the simulated values are also presented, showing a frequency shift of nearly 40%. The change in bore-sight gain along with radiation patterns are also presented. Activating each switch individually results in a near 50/spl deg/ shift in beam nulls.
323 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a planar elliptical slot antenna with U-shaped tuning stub was proposed and the performances and characteristics of the proposed antennas were investigated both numerically and experimentally, and an empirical formula was introduced to approximately determine the lower edge of the -10 dB operating bandwidth.
Abstract: Two novel designs of planar elliptical slot antennas are presented. Printed on a dielectric substrate and fed by either microstrip line or coplanar waveguide with U-shaped tuning stub, the elliptical/circular slots have been demonstrated to exhibit an ultrawideband characteristic. The performances and characteristics of the proposed antennas are investigated both numerically and experimentally. Based on these analyses, an empirical formula is introduced to approximately determine the lower edge of the -10 dB operating bandwidth. It is also shown that these antennas are nearly omnidirectional over a majority fraction of the bandwidth.
311 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors presented novel circular and elliptical coplanar waveguide (CPW)-fed slot and mictrostip-fed antenna designs targeting the 3.1?10.6 GHz band.
Abstract: This letter presents novel circular and elliptical coplanar waveguide (CPW)-fed slot and mictrostip-fed antenna designs targeting the 3.1?10.6 GHz band. The antennas are comprised of elliptical or circular stubs that excite similar-shaped slot apertures. Four prototypes have been examined, fabricated and experimentally tested, the three being fed by a CPW and the fourth by a microstrip line, exhibiting a very satisfactory behavior throughout the 7.5 GHz of the allocated bandwidth in terms of impedance matching $(hbox VSWR?2)$, radiation efficiency and radiation pattern characteristics. Measured impedance bandwidths of beyond 175% will be presented.
224 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a band-notched ultrawideband (UWB) antenna is presented and the notched-band characteristic is realized by a compact coplanar waveguide resonant cell (CCRC).
Abstract: In this letter, a band-notched ultrawideband (UWB) antenna is presented and the notched-band characteristic is realized by a compact coplanar waveguide (CPW) resonant cell (CCRC). The antenna with a total size of 46 mm $,times,$30 mm operates in a band from 2.67 to over 12 GHz, and shows omnidirectional radiation patterns. Measurements indicate that the antenna presents a notched band from 5.10 to 5.94 GHz for $ VSWR ge 3:1$, which covers the wireless local area network (WLAN) band. The time-domain behaviors and the CCRC are discussed and the group delay is given experimentally. Also, parametric studies are performed numerically in the end.
181 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors measured phase noise in thin-film superconducting coplanar waveguide resonators and found that the ratio between the noise power in the phase and amplitude directions is large, in excess of 30 dB.
Abstract: We have measured noise in thin-film superconducting coplanar waveguide resonators. This noise appears entirely as phase noise, equivalent to a jitter of the resonance frequency. In contrast, amplitude fluctuations are not observed at the sensitivity of our measurement. The ratio between the noise power in the phase and amplitude directions is large, in excess of 30 dB. These results have important implications for resonant readouts of various devices such as detectors, amplifiers, and qubits. We suggest that the phase noise is due to two-level systems in dielectric materials.
158 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, an ultra wideband (UWB: 3.1-10.6 GHz) bandpass filter (BPF) on coplanar waveguide (CPW) is proposed, designed and implemented.
Abstract: An ultra-wideband (UWB: 3.1-10.6 GHz) bandpass filter (BPF) on coplanar waveguide (CPW) is proposed, designed and implemented. A nonuniform CPW multiple-mode resonator with short-circuited ends is constructed and its first three resonant modes are properly allocated around the lower-end, center and higher-end of the specified UWB band. This CPW resonator is then driven at two ends by two parallel-coupled CPW lines with dispersive inductive coupling degree. By properly reallocating the enhanced coupling peak toward the UWB's center, a five-pole CPW BPF with one full-wavelength can be eventually constituted. Its UWB bandpass performance is characterized and optimized on the basis of a simple transmission-line network. Predicted results are confirmed by experiment. Measured results achieve the insertion loss <1.5dB and group delay variation <0.35ns in the realized 3.3 to 10.4GHz UWB passband.
157 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a 4 times 4 two-layer Butler matrix based on a broadband broadband 2-layer slot-coupled directional coupler is presented and implemented at 58 GHz using coplanar waveguide technology.
Abstract: In this paper, a novel 4 times 4 two-layer Butler matrix based on a broad-band two-layer slot-coupled directional coupler is presented and implemented at 58 GHz using coplanar waveguide technology With the slot-coupled directional coupler, the proposed matrix was designed without using any crossovers as used in conventional Butler matrices, which leads to significant size reduction and loss minimization To examine the performance of the proposed matrix, experimental prototypes of the multilayer directional coupler and the Butler matrix were fabricated and measured Furthermore, a four-antenna array was also designed and fabricated at 58 GHz and then connected to the matrix to form a beamforming antenna system As a result, four orthogonal beams at -45deg, -15deg, 15deg, and 45deg are produced Measured results on the entire system agree well with the theoretical predictions, validating the proposed design
133 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, two printed wide-slot antennas with square patches within an arc-shape slot are proposed, which are fed by a coplanar waveguide and a microstrip line with almost the same performances.
Abstract: Two printed wide-slot antennas with square patches within an arc-shape slot are proposed in this letter. They are fed by a coplanar waveguide (CPW) and a microstrip line with almost the same performances. Their impedance bandwidths for $ S_11leq -10~ dB$ are enhanced largely to more than 158%. The radiation patterns are given at 2, 6, and 10 GHz.
131 citations
TL;DR: A 77-GHz, +17.5 dBm power amplifier with fully integrated 50-Omega input and output matching and fabricated in a 0.12-mum SiGe BiCMOS process is presented.
Abstract: A 77-GHz, +17.5 dBm power amplifier (PA) with fully integrated 50-Omega input and output matching and fabricated in a 0.12-mum SiGe BiCMOS process is presented. The PA achieves a peak power gain of 17 dB and a maximum single-ended output power of 17.5 dBm with 12.8% of power-added efficiency (PAE). It has a 3-dB bandwidth of 15 GHz and draws 165 mA from a 1.8-V supply. Conductor-backed coplanar waveguide (CBCPW) is used as the transmission line structure resulting in large isolation between adjacent lines, enabling integration of the PA in an area of 0.6 mm2. By using a separate image-rejection filter incorporated before the PA, the rejection at IF frequency of 25 GHz is improved by 35 dB, helping to keep the PA design wideband
126 citations
Book•
11 Jul 2006
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present an analysis of the Coplanar Waveguide with a single center strip and infinite ground-plane width, as well as a finite difference method.
Abstract: Preface. 1. Introduction. References. 2. Transmission Properties of Coplanar Waveguides. 2.1 Rigorous, Full-Wave Analysis of Transmission Properties. 2.1.1 The Coplanar Waveguide with a Single Center Strip and Finite Ground-Plane Width. 2.1.2 The Coplanar Waveguide with a Single Center Strip and Infinite Ground-Plane Width. 2.1.3 Coupled Coplanar Waveguides. 2.1.3.1 Scattering Matrix of Coupled Coplanar Waveguides. 2.1.3.2 Coupled Coplanar Waveguides and Microstrip Lines-A Comparison. 2.2 Quasi-Static Analysis of Coplanar Waveguides Using the Finite Difference Method. 2.2.1 Introduction. 2.2.2 The Finite Difference Method as Applied to the Analysis of Coplanar Waveguide Structures. 2.2.3 The Solution of Laplace's Equation for Planar and Coplanar Line Structures Using the Finite Difference Method. 2.2.4 Application of the Quasi-Static Techniques to the Analysis of Coplanar Waveguides. 2.2.5 Characteristic Parameters of Coplanar Waveguides. 2.2.6 The Influence of the Metalization Thickness on the Line Parameters. 2.2.7 The Influence of the Ground Strip Width on the Line Parameters. 2.2.8 The Influence of the Shielding on the Line Parameters. 2.2.9 Special Forms of Coplanar Waveguides. 2.2.10 Coplanar-like Waveguides. 2.2.11 Coupled Coplanar Waveguide Structures. 2.2.11.1 Analysis of the Characteristic Parameter Matrices. 2.2.11.2 Determination of the Scattering Matrix of Coupled Coplanar Waveguides. 2.3 Closed Formula Static Analysis of Coplanar Waveguide Properties. 2.3.1 Analysis of a Generalized Coplanar Waveguide with Supporting Substrate Layers. 2.3.1.1 Structure SCPW1. 2.3.1.2 Structure SCPW2. 2.3.1.3 Structure SCPW3. 2.3.1.4 Numerical Results. 2.3.2 Static Formulas for Calculating the Parameters of General Broadside-Coupled Coplanar Waveguides. 2.3.2.1 Analytical Formulas and Results for the General Broadside-Coupled Coplanar Waveguide. 2.3.2.2 Analysis of an Asymmetric Supported BSC-CPW. 2.3.2.3 Application of the GBSC-CPW as Single CPW. 2.3.2.4 Criteria for the Coplanar Behavior of the Structure. Bibliography and References. 3. Coplanar Waveguide Discontinuities. 3.1 The Three-Dimensional Finite Difference Analysis. 3.2 Computation of the Electric Field Strength. 3.3 Computation of the Magnetic Field Strength. 3.3.1 Convergence and Error Discussion for the Analysis Technique. 3.4 Coplanar Waveguide Discontinuities. 3.4.1 Modeling the Discontinuities. 3.4.2 Extraction of the Model Parameters. 3.5 Description of Coplanar Waveguide Discontinuities. 3.5.1 The Coplanar Open End. 3.5.2 The Coplanar Waveguide Short-Circuited End. 3.5.3 The Gap in a Coplanar Waveguide. 3.5.4 The Coplanar Waveguide Step. 3.5.5 Air Bridges in Coplanar Waveguides. 3.5.6 The Coplanar Waveguide Bend. 3.5.7 The Coplanar Waveguide T-Junction. 3.5.7.1 Analysis of the Odd-Mode Excitation. 3.5.8 The Coplanar T-Junction as a Mode Converter. 3.5.9 The Coplanar Waveguide Crossing. Bibliography and References. 4. Coplanar Lumped Elements. 4.1 Introduction. 4.2 The Coplanar Interdigital Capacitor. 4.2.1 The Lumped Element Modeling Approach. 4.2.2 Enhancement of the Interdigital Capacitor Model for Application at Millimeter-Wave Frequencies. 4.3 The Coplanar Metal-Insulator-Metal (MIM) Capacitor. 4.4 The Coplanar Spiral Inductor. 4.4.1 Enhancement of the Inductor Model for Millimeter-Wave Frequencies. 4.4.2 Coupled Coplanar Rectangular Inductors. 4.5 The Coplanar Rectangular Spiral Transformer. 4.6 The Coplanar Thin-Film Resistor. Bibliography and References. 5. Coplanar Element Library and Circuit Design Program. 5.1 Introduction. 5.2 Modeling, Convergence, and Accuracy. 5.3 Overview on Coplan for ADSTM. 5.3.1 Data Items. 5.3.2 Library Elements. 5.4 Cache Management. 5.5 Layout. 5.6 Coplanar Data Items. 5.6.1 Overview. 5.6.2 Description of the Data Items. 5.6.2.1 Coplanar Substrate Data Definition C-SUB. 5.6.2.2 Coplanar Line-Type Data Definition C-LINTYP. 5.6.2.3 Coplanar Coupled Lines Data Definition C-NL-TYP. 5.6.2.4 Coplanar Bridge-Type Data Definition C-AIRTYP. 5.6.2.5 Coplanar Grid Data Definition C-GRID. 5.6.2.6 Process (Foundry) Used for Fabrication C-PROCES. 5.6.2.7 Technological Data Definition (Default Foundry) C-TECH. 5.6.2.8 Layer Data Definition (Default Foundry) C-LAYER. 5.7 The Coplanar Components and Their Models. 5.7.1 Coplanar Waveguide RF-Port C-PORT. 5.7.2 Coplanar Transmission Line C-LIN. 5.7.3 Coplanar Inter-Metal via (No Step) Connection C-METIA. 5.7.4 Coplanar Resistively Loaded Transmission Line C-TFG. 5.7.5 Coplanar MIM-Capacitor to Ground C-CAPLIN. 5.7.6 Coplanar Open-Ended Transmission Line C-OPEN. 5.7.7 Coplanar Short-Circuited Transmission Line C-SHORT. 5.7.8 Gap in a Coplanar Transmission Line C-GAP. 5.7.9 Step in a Coplanar Transmission Line C-STEP. 5.7.10 Coplanar Waveguide Taper C-TAPER. 5.7.11 Coplanar Air Bridges C-AIR. 5.7.12 Bend in a Coplanar Transmission Line C-BEND. 5.7.13 T-Junction in Coplanar Transmission Lines C-TEE. 5.7.14 Crossing of Coplanar Transmission Lines C-CROSS. 5.7.15 Coplanar Interdigital Capacitor C-IDC. 5.7.16 Coplanar Rectangular Inductor C-RIND. 5.7.17 Coplanar Thin-Film Resistor C-TFR. 5.7.18 Coplanar Metal-Insulator-Metal Capacitor C-MIM. Bibliography. 6. Coplanar Filters and Couplers. 6.1 Coplanar Lumped Element Filters. 6.1.1 The Coplanar Spiral Inductor as a Filter. 6.1.2 Design and Realization. 6.1.3 Results. 6.1.4 Phase-Shifting Filter Circuits. 6.2 Coplanar Passive Lumped-Element Band-Pass Filters. 6.2.1 Theoretical Background. 6.2.2 Properties of the Coplanar Hybrid Band-Pass Filters. 6.3 Special Coplanar Waveguide Filters. 6.3.1 The Coplanar Band-Reject Filter. 6.3.1.1 The Hybrid Band-Reject Filter. 6.3.1.2 The Monolithic Band-Reject Filter. 6.3.2 Coplanar Millimeter-Wave Filters. 6.4 Coplanar Edge-Coupled Line Structures. 6.4.1 Verification of Coupling Between Coupled Coplanar Waveguides. 6.4.2 End-Coupled Coplanar Line Structures. 6.4.3 Coplanar Waveguide End-Coupled to an Orthogonal Coplanar Waveguide. 6.5 Coupled Coplanar Waveguide Filters and Couplers. 6.5.1 Interdigital Filter Design. 6.5.2 Coplanar Waveguide Couplers. 6.6 Coplanar MMIC Wilkinson Couplers. 6.6.1 Conventional Wilkinson Couplers. 6.6.2 Wilkinson Couplers with Discrete Elements. 6.6.3 MMIC Applicable Wilkinson Couplers with Coplanar Lumped Elements. 6.6.4 Wilkinson Coupler in Coplanar Waveguide Technique for Millimeter-Wave Frequencies. Bibliography and References. 7. Coplanar Microwave Integrated Circuits. 7.1 Introduction. 7.1.1 The Effect of the Shielding on Modeling. 7.1.2 The Waveguide Properties. 7.2 Coplanar Transistors and Coplanar Switches. 7.2.1 Active Power Dividers and Combiners and Switches. 7.2.1.1 Power Dividers and Combiners. 7.2.1.2 Fundamental Coplanar Switch Circuits. 7.2.1.3 Results and Measurements. 7.2.1.4 Device Scaling. 7.2.1.5 Design and Realization of Coplanar RF Switches. 7.3 Coplanar Microwave Active Filters. 7.3.1 Introduction. 7.3.2 The Coplanar Active Inductor. 7.3.3 The First-Order Active Coplanar Band-Pass Filter. 7.3.4 The Fixed Center Frequency Second-Order Active Filter. 7.3.5 The Coplanar Active Tunable Filter. 7.4 Coplanar Microwave Amplifiers. 7.4.1 Coplanar Microwave Amplifiers in Waveguide Design. 7.4.1.1 Introduction. 7.4.1.2 Circuit Design and Technological Aspects. 7.4.1.3 Results and Comparison with Measurements. 7.4.2 Coplanar Lumped-Element MMIC Amplifiers. 7.4.2.1 Introduction. 7.4.2.2 MMIC Design and Results. 7.4.3 Influence of the Backside Metalization on the Design of a Coplanar Low-Noise Amplifier. 7.4.3.1 Modeling the Transistor and Its Noise Properties. 7.4.3.2 The Coplanar LNA Design. 7.4.3.3 Simulation Results. 7.4.3.4 Measurement Results. 7.4.4 Miniaturized Ka-band MMIC High-Gain Medium-Power Amplifier in Coplanar Waveguide Technique. 7.4.4.1 Introduction. 7.4.4.2 MMIC Design and Results. 7.5 Coplanar Electronic Circulators. 7.6 Coplanar Frequency Doublers. 7.6.1 Different Realization Concepts of FET Frequency Doublers. 7.6.1.1 The Single-Device FET Frequency Doubler. 7.6.1.2 The Balanced (Push-Push) FET Frequency Doubler. 7.6.1.3 The Wideband FET Frequency Doubler. 7.6.2 Realization of Coplanar Frequency Doublers. 7.6.2.1 The Coplanar Balanced Hybrid MIC Frequency Doubler. 7.6.2.2 The Coplanar Balanced Monolithic MIC Frequency Doubler. 7.6.3 A Coplanar Times Five Frequency Multiplier. 7.7 Microwave and Millimeter-Wave Oscillators in Coplanar Technology. 7.7.1 Coplanar Microwave Oscillators. 7.7.2 A 5-GHz Coplanar Voltage-Controlled Oscillator. Bibliography and References. Index.
TL;DR: In this paper, a modification of the conventional dumbbell-shaped coplanar waveguide defected ground structure (DGS) is proposed, which permits the continuous tuning of the rejected frequencies by using reconfiguration technique and it allows the control of the DGS equivalent-circuit model.
Abstract: A modification of the conventional dumbbell-shaped coplanar waveguide defected ground structure (DGS) is proposed. This modification permits the continuous tuning of the rejected frequencies by using reconfiguration technique and it allows the control of the DGS equivalent-circuit model. The modified DGS possesses two-dimensional symmetry, hence, it has been studied under different symmetry conditions and the corresponding equivalent-circuit model in each case has been developed. Based upon this study, a tunable bandstop DGS resonator is proposed. 19% tuning range centered at 3.7 and 7.4 GHz, respectively, is achieved. The equivalent-circuit model of the resonator is also developed. All proposed structures have been fabricated. Measurements as well as three-dimensional simulations are found to be in a very good agreement with theoretical predictions
TL;DR: In this paper, a novel wideband hybrid dielectric resonator antenna structure consisting of a rectangular D resonator (DR) and a coplanar waveguide (CPW) inductive slot is proposed.
Abstract: A novel wideband hybrid dielectric resonator antenna structure comprises a rectangular dielectric resonator (DR) and a coplanar waveguide (CPW) inductive slot is proposed. In this configuration, the CPW inductive slot simultaneously acts as an effective radiator and the feeding structure of the DR. Dual resonances of the two radiators are merged to extend the antenna's bandwidth. A parametric study is performed to optimize the antenna performance and a prototype for 5-GHz WLAN application has been built and tested.
TL;DR: In this paper, a UWB circular disc monopole antenna with a band-notch function is introduced and an arched slot is inserted on the disc to obtain the band notch function and its parameters are studied in detail.
Abstract: A UWB circular disc monopole antenna fed by a coplanar waveguide (CPW) is introduced with a band-notch function. An arched slot is inserted on the disc to obtain the band-notch function and its parameters are studied in detail. It is shown that the band-notched function can be controlled by the location of the arched slot and the notched band can be changed by adjusting the length and width of the slot. Experimental results show that the ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna has an obvious rejected band in the WLAN frequencies. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 48: 1667–1670, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.21710
TL;DR: In this paper, a Ka-band broadband transition between an air-filled waveguide and a substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) is proposed by using a radial probe inserted into the height-tapered metal waveguide.
Abstract: A Ka-band broadband transition between an air-filled waveguide and a substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) is proposed. The transition is realised by using a radial probe inserted into the height-tapered metal waveguide. Results show that an insertion loss less than 2.5 dB and a return loss better than 14 dB in the frequency band 28.3-39.5 GHz are obtained for a back-to-back structure
TL;DR: In this paper, a rectangular ring is introduced in an open-ended planar monopole antenna fed by a coplanar waveguide (CPW) in order to achieve broadband dual-frequency operation.
Abstract: A rectangular ring is introduced in an open-ended planar monopole antenna fed by a coplanar waveguide (CPW) in order to achieve broadband dual-frequency operation. Prototypes of the proposed antenna designed for WLAN operation in the 2.4- and 5.2-GHz bands are constructed and tested. The maximum measured bandwidth is measured approximately 14.48% and 11.49% (VSWR 1:2), respectively. Good radiation-pattern characteristics of monopolelike patterns have been obtained. The obtained measured gain is measured to be 1.98 dBi at 2.44 GHz and 11.0 dBi at 5.2 GHz, respectively. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 48: 1480–1483, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.21736
TL;DR: In this article, the performance of some space-filling monopole antennas with coplanar waveguide have been investigated. And a new version of Gosper curve patch antenna is introduced and its performance has been compared to conventional Gosper Curve Patch antenna.
Abstract: In this paper, the performances of some space-filling monopole antennas with coplanar waveguide have been investigated. It may be contended that the bends and corners of these geometries would add to the radiation efficiency of the antenna, thereby improving its gain. Advantage of these configurations is that they lead to mutiband conformal antennas. A new version of Gosper curve patch antenna is introduced and its performance has been compared to conventional Gosper curve patch antenna.
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of texture with (100) and (110) preferred orientations on dielectric properties of Ba06Sr04TiO3 (BST) thin films grown on SrO (9nm) and CeO2 (70nm) buffered Si substrates, respectively, was investigated.
Abstract: The effect of texture with (100) and (110) preferred orientations on dielectric properties of Ba06Sr04TiO3 (BST) thin films grown on SrO (9nm) and CeO2 (70nm) buffered Si substrates, respectively, was investigated The coplanar waveguide (CPW) phase shifter using (100) oriented BST films on SrO buffered Si exhibited a much-enhanced figure of merit of 247°∕dB, as compared to that (102°∕dB) of a CPW phase shifter using (110) oriented BST films on CeO2 buffered Si at 12GHz This work demonstrates that the microwave properties of the Si-integrated BST thin films are highly correlated with crystal orientation
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors show that the temperature dependent properties of Ba0.5Sr0.3 thin films used for microwave phase shifters in the frequency range 45 MHz-50 MHz are correlated strongly with the microstructure of the films.
Abstract: Coplanar waveguide transmission lines have been used to show that the temperature dependent properties of Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3 thin films used for microwave phase shifters in the frequency range 45 MHz–50 GHz are correlated strongly with the microstructure of the films. The highest tunability and figure of merit of the phase shifters were obtained for films with the narrowest ferroelectric-paraelectric phase transition range, lowest mosaic spread, and widest columnar microstructure. The study also showed that the operating temperature plays an important role in achieving the optimum phase shift for microwave applications.
TL;DR: In this paper, two monolithic G-band active frequency multipliers were designed and fabricated using coplanar-waveguide technology using two InAlAs/InGaAs-based metamorphic high electron-mobility transistor processes with different gate lengths of 100 and 50 nm, respectively.
Abstract: Two monolithic G-band active frequency multipliers have been designed and fabricated using coplanar-waveguide technology. The monolithic microwave integrated circuits are a frequency tripler for an output frequency of 140 GHz and a 110-220-GHz frequency doubler. The tripler demonstrates a maximum conversion gain of -11 dB for an input power of 9 dBm, whereas the doubler achieves a conversion gain of -7 dB for a 2.5-dBm input signal. The circuits have been realized using two InAlAs/InGaAs-based metamorphic high electron-mobility transistor processes with different gate lengths of 100 and 50 nm, respectively.
TL;DR: In this article, a coplanar waveguide (CPW) power splitters comprising a CPW T-junction with outputs attached to phase-adjusting circuits is proposed to achieve a constant phase difference with arbitrary value over a wide bandwidth.
Abstract: This study presents novel coplanar waveguide (CPW) power splitters comprising a CPW T-junction with outputs attached to phase-adjusting circuits, i.e., the composite right/left-handed (CRLH) CPW and the conventional CPW, to achieve a constant phase difference with arbitrary value over a wide bandwidth. To demonstrate the proposed technique, a 180/spl deg/ CRLH CPW power splitter with a phase error of less than 10/spl deg/ and a magnitude difference of below 1.5 dB within 2.4 to 5.22 GHz is experimentally demonstrated. Compared with the conventional 180/spl deg/ delay-line power splitter, the proposed structure possesses not only superior phase and magnitude performances but also a 37% size reduction. The equivalent circuit of the CRLH CPW, which represents the left-handed (LH), right-handed (RH), and lossy characteristics, is constructed and the results obtained are in good agreement with the full-wave simulation and measurement. Applications involving the wideband coplanar waveguide-to-coplanar stripline (CPW-to-CPS) transition and the tapered loop antenna are presented to stress the practicality of the 180/spl deg/ CRLH CPW power splitter. The 3-dB insertion loss bandwidth is measured as 98% for the case of a back-to-back CPW-to-CPS transition. The tapered loop antenna fed by the proposed transition achieves a measured 10-dB return loss bandwidth of 114%, and shows similar radiation patterns and 6-9 dBi antenna gain in its operating band.
15 Apr 2006-Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment
TL;DR: In this article, the kinetic inductance fraction of superconducting coplanar waveguides (CPWs) was determined by measuring the resonance frequency of CPW transmission line resonators.
Abstract: We have studied the kinetic inductance fraction (ratio of kinetic inductance to total inductance) of superconducting coplanar waveguides (CPWs) by measuring the resonance frequency of CPW transmission line resonators. We describe a procedure for accurately determining the kinetic inductance of transmission line geometries with small kinetic inductance fractions. In this approach, we compare the temperature dependence of the resonance frequency with that of a resonator of the same film thickness but with a large kinetic inductance fraction. We present data for 200 nm-thick Al CPWs of several geometries and compare that with our own calculations and with calculations found in literature.
01 Sep 2006-Microsystem Technologies-micro-and Nanosystems-information Storage and Processing Systems
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the fabrication of radio frequency (RF) micromechanical switches with low actuation voltage using the commercial 0.35μm double polysilicon four metal (DPFM) complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) process and the post-process.
Abstract: This study investigates the fabrication of radio frequency (RF) micromechanical switches with low actuation voltage using the commercial 0.35 μm double polysilicon four metal (DPFM) complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) process and the post-process. The advantages of RF micromechanical switches include low pull-down voltage and ease of post-processing. Three types of RF micromechanical switches are designed and manufactured. The RF switches are capacitive type, and the structures of the switches comprise coplanar waveguide (CPW) transmission lines, supported springs and a suspended membrane. The post-process requires only a wet etching silicon dioxide layer. Experimental results show that type-c switch needs only a pull-down voltage of 7 V.
11 Jun 2006
TL;DR: In this article, the authors presented a tunable 2-pole ferroelectric filter with low loss operating from 11.5-14 GHz (20% tuning) and the third-order intercept was found to be around 31 dBm.
Abstract: This paper presents for the first time a miniature, tunable slow-wave 2-pole ferroelectric filter with low loss operating from 11.5-14 GHz (20% tuning). The filter consists of sections of coplanar waveguide transmission lines that are loaded with high quality factor tunable ferroelectric capacitors with BST material. Each resonator section is loaded with a total of 12 capacitors resulting in a very compact size. Coupling between the slow-wave resonators, as well as matching with the input/output ports is achieved via inductive stubs. The measured insertion loss varies from 5.4 to 3.3 dB from 11.5-14 GHz and a bias voltage range from 0-30 V. The third-order intercept of the filter was found to be around 31 dBm. To the best of our knowledge, this is the smallest loss performance for such a filter in the 11-14 GHz range.
TL;DR: In this article, the attenuation and electrical permittivity of double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWCNTs) were determined in the frequency range of 1 −65 GHz.
Abstract: The attenuation and the electrical permittivity of the double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWCNTs) were determined in the frequency range of 1–65GHz. A micromachined coplanar waveguide transmission line supported on a Si membrane with a thickness of 1.4μm was filled with a mixture of DWCNTs. The propagation constants were then determined from the S parameter measurements. The DWCNTs mixture behaves like a dielectric in the range of 1–65GHz with moderate losses and an abrupt change of the effective permittivity that is very useful for gas sensor detection.
TL;DR: In this article, a 1 : 4 monolithic power distribution network for Ku-band array antenna applications is presented, which consists of three Wilkinson power dividers, four dc blocking filters, and four coplanar waveguide-to-microstrip (MS) transitions.
Abstract: This paper presents the design, fabrication, and experimental results of a 1 : 4 monolithic power distribution network for Ku-band array antenna applications. The network integrated on a high-resistivity silicon (HRS) substrate surface stabilized by polysilicon consists of three Wilkinson power dividers, four dc blocking filters, and four coplanar waveguide (CPW)-to-microstrip (MS) transitions. Each output ports are fed with a barium-strontium-titanate phase shifter. It is found that the introduction of the polysilicon layer between the oxide and HRS reduces RF losses significantly, which will enable the monolithic integration of high-power controller modules onto silicon because of the existence of the oxide layer, preventing any degradation of RF performances. The individual components show insertion losses ranging from 0.4 to 2.6 dB at 15 GHz, and the interconnecting CPW lines result in a loss of 0.064 dB/mm. This network was successfully integrated with MS patch antennas monolithically, showing good performance of 32-dB return loss at 14.85 GHz, and 10/spl deg/ beam-steering capability.
TL;DR: In this paper, a compact coplanar rectangular monopole antenna fed by a tapered Coplanar Waveguide (CPW) feeder in the middle of a trapeziform ground plane is introduced.
Abstract: A compact coplanar rectangular monopole antenna fed by a tapered coplanar waveguide (CPW) feeder in the middle of a trapeziform ground plane is introduced. By using the tapered CPW feeder, the impedance bandwidth of the antenna is enhanced by a factor of about 1.7 times compared with a 50Ω CPW feeder. The measured ratio impedance bandwidth reaches about 10.7:1, covering frequencies from 0.76 to 8.15 GHz. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 48: 1242–1244, 2006; Published online in Wiley Inter-Science (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.21666
TL;DR: In this article, the tri-section SIRs with slow-wave effects were implemented in a two-pole directly coupled bandpass filter and a fourth-order quasi-elliptic filter with reduced size.
Abstract: We report several types of coplanar waveguide tri-section stepped-impedance resonator (SIR) structures that offer further size reduction compared to the conventional two-section SIRs. In addition, the tri-section SIRs provide flexibility of introducing effective capacitive coupling to the ground lines for realizing slow-wave structures. The slow-wave effect can be used to implement more compact bandpass filters. The principles of achieving size reductions using tri-section SIRs are described and confirmed by simulation results. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed tri-section SIRs in size reduction, the tri-section SIRs with slow-wave effects were implemented in a two-pole directly coupled bandpass filter and a fourth-order quasi-elliptic bandpass filter with reduced size. The measured results matched well with the theoretical prediction.
TL;DR: In this paper, a novel printed monopole antenna consisting of a circular monopole patch and a trapeziform ground plane with a tapered CPW (coplanar waveguide) feeder in the middle is introduced.
Abstract: A novel UWB (ultra-wideband) printed monopole antenna consisting of a circular monopole patch and a trapeziform ground plane with a tapered CPW (coplanar waveguide) feeder in the middle is introduced. By means of the trapeziform ground plane and the tapered CPW feeder, the impedance bandwidth is broadened greatly. Both the simulated and experimental results are presented, showing good agreement and verifying the validity of the design. The experimental results demonstrate that this antenna achieves an 11.3:1 ratio bandwidth of VSWR ≤ 2, covering frequencies from 0.79 to 9.16 GHz, and exhibits an omnidirectional radiation pattern with a simple structure, which is attractive for UWB communication applications.© 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 48: 1532–1534, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.21687
TL;DR: In this article, a coplanar waveguide-based multi-dielectric layer design was proposed to reduce the insertion losses and produce good impedance matching for electronic beam steering capabilities.
Abstract: In this paper, a new integrated phased array antenna system employing the ferroelectric materials technology for electronic beam steering capabilities is described. The design integrates a ferroelectric coplanar waveguide phase shifter with the continuous transverse stub (CTS) array. The phase shifter employs a multi-dielectric substrate and includes a thin layer of silicon dioxide between the signal conductors and the ferroelectric material to reduce the insertion losses and produce good impedance matching. The coplanar waveguide-based multi-dielectric layer design demonstrated an effective ferroelectric biasing architecture and exhibited an increase in figure of merit by up to 8deg/dB from that of the direct metallization approach. An integrated two elements phased array antenna is developed and demonstrates linearly polarized radiation with +/-20deg of beam scanning between the unbiased and biased states of the ferroelectric phase shifter