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Showing papers on "Coplanar waveguide published in 2018"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors demonstrate titanium nitride coplanar waveguide resonators with mean quality factors exceeding two million and controlled trenching reaching 2.2μm in the silicon substrate.
Abstract: Improving the performance of superconducting qubits and resonators generally results from a combination of materials and fabrication process improvements and design modifications that reduce device sensitivity to residual losses. One instance of this approach is to use trenching into the device substrate in combination with superconductors and dielectrics with low intrinsic losses to improve quality factors and coherence times. Here, we demonstrate titanium nitride coplanar waveguide resonators with mean quality factors exceeding two million and controlled trenching reaching 2.2 μm in the silicon substrate. Additionally, we measure sets of resonators with a range of sizes and trench depths and compare these results with finite-element simulations to demonstrate quantitative agreement with a model of interface dielectric loss. We then apply this analysis to determine the extent to which trenching can improve resonator performance.

116 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a compact coplanar waveguide (CPW) fed ultra-wide band (UWB) multi input multi output (MIMO) antenna is proposed, which consists of two antiparallel hexagonal ring monopole elements.
Abstract: In this paper, a compact coplanar waveguide (CPW) fed ultra-wide band (UWB) multi input multi output (MIMO) antenna is proposed. The antenna consists of two antiparallel hexagonal ring monopole elements. Circular arcs shaped grounded stubs are used to enhance the isolation, both the arcs are connected through stub to make common ground. Tapering of the slots of CPW feed line at feed point, and grounded slots are introduced for impedance matching over UWB. The proposed antenna is fabricated and impedance bandwidth, isolation, radiation pattern, and gain are measured. Moreover, envelop correlation coefficient (ECC) results are given. Proposed antenna structure operates in the frequency range 3–12 GHz with a fractional bandwidth of 120% keeping isolation better than 15 dB. The antenna has a compact size of 45 × 25 mm2.

76 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
Hengfei Xu1, Jianyi Zhou1, Ke Zhou1, Qi Wu1, Zhiqiang Yu1, Wei Hong1 
TL;DR: In this paper, a planar circularly polarized substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) stacked patch antenna array consisting of four sequential-rotation (SR) subarrays is presented for $Ka$ -band applications.
Abstract: A planar circularly polarized substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) stacked patch antenna array consisting of four sequential-rotation (SR) subarrays is presented for $Ka$ -band applications. Antenna element is realized based on a pair of stacked cavities by the combination of a driven patch layer and a parasitic patch layer, which are formed by a shorted square patch and multiple identical stacked square patches, respectively. Each subarray consisting of two pairs of elements, excited by a coplanar waveguide (CPW) network with four metallic vias, is well matched to a novel SIW SR feeding network. A narrow transverse coupling slot, a semiopening resonant cavity, two pairs of inductive vias, and an inductive window are introduced in the SIW-based feeding network to implement functions of phase shifter, impedance matching, and power divider in the two layers. By employing the proposed SR feeding network, the CPW network, and the four subarrays, the excellent performance of the array is realized. To verify the design, a prototype is fabricated and measured, which demonstrates a −10 dB impedance bandwidth of 29.6%, a 3 dB axial ratio bandwidth of 25.4%, and a peak gain of 20.32 dBic.

75 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A novel, low cost, and comprehensive microwave imaging system is presented for the detection of unwanted tumorous cells into the human breast by using AMC inspired CPW-fed antenna based microwave imaging, which can clearly detect the tumor inside the breast phantom.
Abstract: A novel, low cost, and comprehensive microwave imaging (MWI) system is presented for the detection of unwanted tumorous cells into the human breast. A compact metamaterials (MTM) artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) surface-inspired coplanar waveguide fed (CPW-fed) microstrip antenna is developed for MWI applications. The initial wideband CPW antenna is designed by the modified oval shape patch and half cycle copper stripe line ground. The antenna is incorporated with two layers uniplanar AMC structure which is composed of a $5\times 5$ array of square modified split ring resonator unit cells to obtain the desired antenna characteristics for the MWI applications like breast imaging. The metamaterial-based AMC structure improves the gain about 5 dB and produces stronger directive radiation characteristics. The enhancement of CPW performance proofs the effectiveness of the double layer MTM-AMC structure and its suitability for MWI. A microcontroller-based PC controlled alternative mechanical imaging system is designed to collect the scattering signal from the CPW-fed antenna. The changes of reflection and transmission coefficient with the variation of dielectric content into the breast phantom structure are analyzed. The remarkable deviation of scattered field is processed by image processing program using Matlab. By using these AMC inspired CPW-fed antenna based microwave imaging, the system can clearly detect the tumor inside the breast phantom.

69 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a compact asymmetric coplanar waveguide (CPW) feed with split-ring resonator (SRR) is proposed to resonate at dual-band operations for WLAN and worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX) applications.
Abstract: In this paper, a compact asymmetric coplanar waveguide (CPW) feed with split-ring resonator (SRR) is proposed to resonate at dual-band operations for wireless local area network (WLAN) and worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX) applications. The asymmetric CPW-fed SRR patch (ACSP) antenna consists of a meander line, square-shaped split ring, and CPW ground plane. The proposed ACSP antenna resonates at two operating frequencies, namely, 2.48 GHz (2.4–2.74 GHz) and 3.49 GHz (3.25–3.64 GHz) with reflection coefficients (S11) of −16.65 dB and −32.67 dB, respectively. The measured results agree closely with the simulation results of the proposed antenna.

65 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed an elliptical monopole fed by a coplanar waveguide; it uses a kapton substrate and it is optimised to work from 1 to 8 GHz.
Abstract: New generations of printed flexible antennas are playing an important role in wireless communication systems. The ultra wide band and wearable possibilities are critical aspects of these kinds of antennas. In this study, the proposed antenna is an elliptical monopole fed by a coplanar waveguide; it uses a kapton substrate and it is optimised to work from 1 to 8 GHz. In the case of copper, a conductive nanocomposite material based on a polymer (polyaniline: PANI) and charged by multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) is exploited. The flexibility of both the kapton substrate and the nanocomposite (PANI/MWCNTs) provides the ability to crumple the antenna paving the way to potential applications for body-worn wireless communications systems. In this study, the performance of the antenna is investigated in terms of return loss, radiation patterns and gain for both crumpled and uncrumpled antennas. The results confirm that performance remains at a good level when the antenna is crumpled.

59 citations


Proceedings ArticleDOI
08 Oct 2018
TL;DR: In this article, a millimetre-wave (mm-wave) flexible antenna designed on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate for 5G wireless applications is presented.
Abstract: This paper presents a millimetre-wave (mm-wave) flexible antenna designed on Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) substrate for the 5th generation (5G) wireless applications The antenna geometry comprises of a T-shaped patch integrated with symmetrically designed slot arrangements The defected ground structure (DGS) concept is utilised for bandwidth enhancement and a coplanar waveguide (CPW)-fed slotted monopole antenna is embedded within an aperture cut inside the ground plane The measurements of the inkjet-printed antenna prototype depict an impedance bandwidth of 26–40 GHz, consistent omnidirectional radiation pattern and a peak gain of 744 dBi at 39 GHz The conformity and flexibility suggest potential applications of the proposed antenna in future 5G applications especially in wearables such as uniform or casual clothing

54 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a rectangular bracket-shape parasitic strip is placed at the open end of the straight microstrip line to excite the fundamental horizontal and vertical components of the circular polarization (CP).
Abstract: This letter presents a novel and simple feeding technique for exciting orthogonal components in a wide-slot antenna. In this technique, a rectangular bracket-shape parasitic strip is placed at the open end of the straight microstrip line to excite the fundamental horizontal and vertical components of the circular polarization (CP). The proposed technique—when employed in conjunction with the asymmetrical geometry of coplanar waveguide and a protruded stub from the ground plane—permits for maintaining axial ratio (AR) below 3 dB within a wide range in the C-band as well as a compact footprint of the antenna. All geometry parameters of the antenna are adjusted through rigorous EM-driven optimization to obtain the best performance in terms of footprint, impedance matching, and AR bandwidth (ARBW). The size of the proposed antenna is only 27 mm × 28.8 mm. The structure features a 62% impedance bandwidth (3.6–6.85 GHz) and ARBW of approximately 49% (3.6–5.93 GHz) with the average realized gain of 3.3 dB within the CP operating band. Numerical results are validated experimentally. A close agreement between simulation and measurement results has been observed.

54 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the structural benefits of inter-layer dielectrics during fabrication and mitigating the added capacitive loss were exploited to create freestanding aluminum vacuum gap crossovers (airbridges).
Abstract: Complex integrated circuits require multiple wiring layers. In complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor processing, these layers are robustly separated by amorphous dielectrics. These dielectrics would dominate energy loss in superconducting integrated circuits. Here, we describe a procedure that capitalizes on the structural benefits of inter-layer dielectrics during fabrication and mitigates the added loss. We use a deposited inter-layer dielectric throughout fabrication and then etch it away post-fabrication. This technique is compatible with foundry level processing and can be generalized to make many different forms of low-loss wiring. We use this technique to create freestanding aluminum vacuum gap crossovers (airbridges). We characterize the added capacitive loss of these airbridges by connecting ground planes over microwave frequency λ/4 coplanar waveguide resonators and measuring resonator loss. We measure a low power resonator loss of ∼3.9 × 10−8 per bridge, which is 100 times lower than that of dielectric supported bridges. We further characterize these airbridges as crossovers, control line jumpers, and as part of a coupling network in gmon and fluxmon qubits. We measure qubit characteristic lifetimes (T1s) in excess of 30 μs in gmon devices.

51 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigate lithographically defined artificial defects in resonators fabricated from NbTiN superconducting films and show that by controlling the vortex dynamics the quality factor of resonators in perpendicular magnetic fields can be greatly enhanced.
Abstract: Superconducting coplanar waveguide resonators that can operate in strong magnetic fields are important tools for a variety of high frequency superconducting devices. Magnetic fields degrade resonator performance by creating Abrikosov vortices that cause resistive losses and frequency fluctuations, or suppressing superconductivity entirely. To mitigate these effects we investigate lithographically defined artificial defects in resonators fabricated from NbTiN superconducting films. We show that by controlling the vortex dynamics the quality factor of resonators in perpendicular magnetic fields can be greatly enhanced. Coupled with the restriction of the device geometry to enhance the superconductors critical field, we demonstrate stable resonances that retain quality factors $\simeq 10^5$ at the single photon power level in perpendicular magnetic fields up to $B_\perp \simeq$ 20 mT and parallel magnetic fields up to $B_\parallel \simeq$ 6 T. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this technique for hybrid systems by integrating an InSb nanowire into a field resilient superconducting resonator, and use it to perform fast charge readout of a gate defined double quantum dot at $B_\parallel =$ 1 T.

49 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a dielectric resonator (DR)-based multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna with bi-directional pattern diversity is presented. But the back-to-back arrangement of cylindrical DR antennas DRAs (cDRAs) is not considered.
Abstract: This Letter presents a dielectric resonator (DR)-based multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna with bi-directional pattern diversity. The back-to-back arrangement of cylindrical DR antennas DRAs (cDRAs) is one of the unique features of the proposed design. The cDRAs are placed on an FR4 substrate with a common ground plane. Each cDRA element is excited by two ports to establish a four-port MIMO antenna system. At ports 1 and 2, the top cDRA is excited via co-planar waveguide (CPW) fed conformal strip lines. In case of ports 3 and 4, the bottom cDRA is excited by microstrip line fed conformal strip lines. Isolation between all ports is improved (better than 18 dB) by generating orthogonal modes in the cDRAs and use of opposite excitations. Measured results confirm that the proposed four-port MIMO antenna system is useful for the frequency ranges between 5.4 and 6.0 GHz for WLAN applications.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a coplanar waveguide (CPW) filter based on spoof surface plasmon polaritons (SSPPs) was proposed, which can achieve multi-band transmission by using periodic holes etched on the middle line of a CPW.
Abstract: In this letter, a coplanar waveguide (CPW) filter based on spoof surface plasmon polaritons (SSPPs) in the microwave frequency band is proposed, which can achieve multi-band transmission by using periodic holes etched on the middle line of a CPW. Compared to the conventional SSPP designs, the proposed SSPP-based waveguide filter removes the gradual structure for the mode conversion. Simultaneously, the transmission efficiency of high-order modes is obviously improved by employing periodic holes etched on both the side grounds of the CPW. The physical mechanism of the proposed SSPP-based waveguide filter is explained with the aid of the dispersion curves and electric field distributions. Experimental results validate the proposed concept, and the measured results are in good agreement with the simulated ones, which indicates that the proposed SSPP-based waveguide filter can find potential applications in plasmonic integrated circuits at microwave frequencies.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors presented a platform that combines a miniaturized coplanar waveguide (CPW) transmission line (TL) sensor and a special CPW-fed interdigitated capacitor (IDC), which allows them to measure the complex permittivity of cell cultures from 300 kHz to 50 GHz.
Abstract: Broadband dielectric spectroscopy measurements of biological materials within RF/microwave range can reveal cellular information, which is of important value in biological and medical researches. Here, we present a platform that combines a miniaturized coplanar waveguide (CPW) transmission line (TL) sensor and a special CPW-fed interdigitated capacitor (IDC), which allows us to measure the complex permittivity of cell cultures from 300 kHz to 50 GHz. The CPW-TL and CPW-IDC sensors are integrated with an SU-8 microfluidic channel, enabling measurements of microliter or even nanoliter volumes of liquids and suspensions. Due to the accurate alignment of the SU-8 polymer and the reliable liftoff fabrication procedure, we are able to minimize the measurement errors caused by the sensors’ dimension tolerance. To ensure accurate complex permittivity extraction of the tested material, related calibrations and deembedding processes are explained. With the measurement of deionized water as a validation, the platform is used to measure the complex permittivity of both a yeast cell culture and a mammalian cell culture. We elaborate on the interesting findings and discuss future possibilities.

Journal ArticleDOI
Yongqing Xu1, Ying Tian, Binzhen Zhang1, Junping Duan1, Li Yan 
TL;DR: In this paper, a novel radio-frequency micro electromechanical system (RF MEMS) switch on the frequency reconfigurable antenna application was designed, analyzed, and simulated using ANSYS.
Abstract: This paper presents the design, analysis, simulation of a novel radio-frequency micro electromechanical system (RF MEMS) switch on the frequency reconfigurable antenna application. The switch uses coplanar waveguide transmission line for signal transmission, which designed with special mechanical structures, the size of the switch beam is 320 × 120 μm2. The design of RF MEMS switch was simulated using ANSYS. Its simulation voltage is 14 V for 1 µm beam thickness. The electromagnetic performance is optimized and computed by ANSYS EM software. The switch working bandwidth is 40 GHz, the insertion loss is 0.1 dB, return loss of 30 dB and isolation of 26 dB over 30 GHz. In the frequency band, the isolation degree more than 15 dB, and the maximum isolation is 45.3 dB. The switch is mounted on the antenna, and the frequency of the antenna can be reconstructed by using ANSYS EM simulation.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a measurement method of the thickness and permittivity of a thin and uniform material which is attached onto the top of a sensor structure is presented, which utilizes the fundamental and harmonic frequencies of a microstrip line ring resonator structure.
Abstract: A simultaneous measurement method of the thickness and permittivity of a thin and uniform material which is attached onto the top of a sensor structure is presented. The sensor utilizes the fundamental and harmonic frequencies of a microstrip line ring resonator structure. The thickness and permittivity of a material under test are calculated from two simultaneous equations at the fundamental and second-harmonic frequencies. Fitting equations to calculate the peak resonant frequencies with respect to the thickness and permittivity are also derived. The structure is implemented with a microstrip line on the front side of a TLY-5A substrate and coplanar waveguide access lines on the backside. The permittivity and thickness of the test material are successfully measured simultaneously.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a simple technique to extend the aperture of planar composite right/left-handed (CRLH) metamaterial antennas with minimal impact on the antenna's dimensions is presented.
Abstract: This paper presents a simple technique to extend the aperture of planar composite right/left-handed (CRLH) metamaterial antennas with minimal impact on the antenna’s dimensions Unlike most CRLH antenna structures the proposed antenna is via-free The proposed antenna is shown to operate over a wideband from UHF to C-band with good radiation characteristics The antenna configuration consists of a vertically stacked CRLH unit-cells comprising of a patch and meandered lines, where the patch is engraved with an S-shaped slot The design uses minimal ground plane area The meander line inductance is grounded using CPW ground which eliminates conventional CRLH TL metallic via into ground plane The antenna is feed through a coplanar waveguide (CPW) match stub that is electromagnetically coupled to the unit cells Antenna dimensions are 175×3215×16 mm3, which corresponds to 0204λ_0×0375λ_0×0018λ_0 where free-space wavelength (λ_0) is 35GHz Parametric study enabled the optimization of the antenna performance in terms of impedance bandwidth, radiation gain and radiation efficiency Measured results confirm the antenna can operate from 850 MHz to 790 GHz, which is equivalent to a fractional bandwidth of 16114% The antenna has a maximum gain and radiation efficiency of 512 dBi and ~80%, respectively, at 35GHz

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a general transmission-line model is developed for predicting the frequency-dependent response of the compact modulators, such as characteristic impedance, effective index, and attenuation constant.
Abstract: The technology for compact thin-film lithium niobate electrooptic modulators has made significant advances recently. With achieving high levels of maturity for such platforms, a model is now required in order to accurately design the devices and reliably predict their performance limits. In this paper, a general transmission-line model is developed for predicting the frequency-dependent response of the compact modulators. The main radio frequency (RF) parameters of the modulators, such as characteristic impedance, effective index, and attenuation constant are calculated as a function of the coplanar waveguide dimensions, and validated by using numerical simulations. The accuracy of the model in predicting the 3-dB modulation bandwidth of the devices is verified by comparison with experimental results. Finally, guidelines for device design with significant improvement in the attainable modulation bandwidth are also presented by optimization of RF and optical parameters, predicting $>$ 100 GHz modulation bandwidth. The presented model is not limited to emerging thin-film lithium niobate devices, and is applicable to any type of ultracompact electrooptic modulator.

Journal ArticleDOI
17 Sep 2018
TL;DR: In this paper, the quantum information processing capability of a superconducting transmon circuit used to mediate interactions between quantum information stored in a collection of phononic crystal cavity resonators was analyzed.
Abstract: We analyze the quantum information processing capability of a superconducting transmon circuit used to mediate interactions between quantum information stored in a collection of phononic crystal cavity resonators. Having only a single processing element to be controlled externally makes this approach significantly less hardware-intensive than traditional architectures with individual control of each qubit. Moreover, when compared with the commonly considered alternative approach using coplanar waveguide or 3d cavity microwave resonators for storage, the nanomechanical resonators offer both very long lifetime and small size—two conflicting requirements for microwave resonators. A detailed gate error analysis leads to an optimal value for the qubit-resonator coupling rate as a function of the number of mechanical resonators in the system. For a given set of system parameters, a specific amount of coupling and number of resonators is found to optimize the quantum volume, an approximate measure for the computational capacity of a system. We see this volume is higher in the proposed hybrid nanomechanical architecture than in the competing on-chip electromagnetic approach.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the quantum information processing capability of a superconducting transmon circuit used to mediate interactions between quantum information stored in a collection of phononic crystal cavity resonators was analyzed.
Abstract: We analyze the quantum information processing capability of a superconducting transmon circuit used to mediate interactions between quantum information stored in a collection of phononic crystal cavity resonators. Having only a single processing element to be controlled externally makes this approach significantly less hardware-intensive than traditional architectures with individual control of each qubit. Moreover, when compared with the commonly considered alternative approach using coplanar waveguide or 3d cavity microwave resonators for storage, the nanomechanical resonators offer both very long lifetime and small size -- two conflicting requirements for microwave resonators. A detailed gate error analysis leads to an optimal value for the qubit-resonator coupling rate as a function of the number of mechanical resonators in the system. For a given set of system parameters, a specific amount of coupling and number of resonators is found to optimize the quantum volume, an approximate measure for the computational capacity of a system. We see this volume is higher in the proposed hybrid nanomechanical architecture than in the competing on-chip electromagnetic approach.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A wideband microstrip patch antenna is proposed in this communication for pattern diversity application and a compact feeding network based on coplanar waveguide is designed to provide in-phase and out-of-phase excitations, which can excite the two modes in wide bandwidth.
Abstract: A wideband microstrip patch antenna is proposed in this communication for pattern diversity application. Broadside and omnidirectional radiation patterns are generated by the odd and even modes of a single circular patch. A compact feeding network based on coplanar waveguide is designed to provide in-phase and out-of-phase excitations, which can excite the two modes in wide bandwidth. The size of the feeding network is only $35 \times 14.5$ mm2. A prototype of the proposed antenna is fabricated and tested. The measured overlapped bandwidth ( $\vert \text{S}_{11}\vert dB and $\vert \text{S}_{22}\vert dB) achieves 775 MHz (2.165–2.94 GHz) or 31% corresponding to the center frequency. The Port isolation is below −28 dB in the entire bandwidth.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, an inkjet printed ultra-wideband (UWB) flexible antenna on photo paper is presented. And the antenna pattern comprises a circular patch with the double stepped symmetric ground plane and is fed by a coplanar waveguide (CPW) technique on one-sided photo paper.
Abstract: In order to keep pace with the growing research and development on flexible and reconfigurable electronics, this research presents an inkjet printed ultra-wideband (UWB) flexible antenna on photo paper. The antenna pattern comprises a circular patch with the double stepped symmetric ground plane and is fed by a coplanar waveguide (CPW) technique on one-sided photo paper. The system is designed, simulated, fabricated, and tested experimentally. It operates over 3.2–30 GHz (161% fractional bandwidth, FBW) range with a return loss of − 10 dB or less and a voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) < 2. The proposed monopole antenna is of dimensions 33.1 mm × 32.7 mm × 0.254 mm with an electrical size of 0.35 λ × 0.35 λ at 3.2 GHz frequency. This design exhibits nearly omnidirectional radiation pattern over the entire impedance bandwidth. An average gain of 4.87 and a radiation efficiency of 86.61% was observed. The miniature size, higher operating range, relatively constant radiation pattern along with higher acceptable peak gain of the antenna on a paper substrate lend itself to wearable and Internet of Things (IoT) applications.

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Sep 2018-Sensors
TL;DR: The bandwidth enhancement and frequency scanning for fan beam array antenna utilizing novel technique of band-pass filter integration for wireless vital signs monitoring and vehicle navigation sensors is presented.
Abstract: This paper presents the bandwidth enhancement and frequency scanning for fan beam array antenna utilizing novel technique of band-pass filter integration for wireless vital signs monitoring and vehicle navigation sensors. First, a fan beam array antenna comprising of a grounded coplanar waveguide (GCPW) radiating element, CPW fed line, and the grounded reflector is introduced which operate at a frequency band of 3.30 GHz and 3.50 GHz for WiMAX (World-wide Interoperability for Microwave Access) applications. An advantageous beam pattern is generated by the combination of a CPW feed network, non-parasitic grounded reflector, and non-planar GCPW array monopole antenna. Secondly, a miniaturized wide-band bandpass filter is developed using SCSRR (Semi-Complementary Split Ring Resonator) and DGS (Defective Ground Structures) operating at 3⁻8 GHz frequency band. Finally, the designed filter is integrated within the frequency scanning beam array antenna in a novel way to increase the impedance bandwidth as well as frequency scanning. The new frequency beam array antenna with integrated band-pass filter operate at 2.8 GHz to 6 GHz with a wide frequency scanning from the 50 to 125-degree range.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a coplanar waveguide (CPW) ultra-wideband (UWB) dual notched band monopole antenna with a π-shaped slot and EBG is proposed.
Abstract: In this paper, we propose the design of coplanar waveguide (CPW) ultra-wideband (UWB) dual notched band monopole antenna with a π-shaped slot and EBG is proposed The designed antenna produces an impedance bandwidth of 27–117 GHz (VSWR

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, an uniplanar compact electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) was proposed for millimeter-wave wearable antennas. And the proposed EBG was shown to reduce the potential health risk posed by the radiating antenna to the human wearer.
Abstract: This letter presents a novel design of a uniplanar compact electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) for millimeter-wave wearable antennas. The unit cell of the EBG has a flexible fractal design with self-similar window-like structure, which can be easily fabricated at millimeter scale. The fabricated EBG is a 3 × 3 cell array laser-cut from adhesive copper foil on polyester fabric substrate. Results show that the gain and −10 dB bandwidth of a wearable coplanar waveguide (CPW) antenna backed by the proposed EBG are improved by 3 dB and 40%, respectively, across the frequency range from 20 to 40 GHz. Backward radiation is also decreased by 15 dB, significantly reducing the potential health risk posed by the radiating antenna to the human wearer. Furthermore, on-body measurements show that the CPW-EBG antenna performances are not highly sensitive to human body proximity.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a coplanar waveguide miniaturized wearable antenna that is fully implemented in textile materials and operable at 2.45/5.8 GHz for wireless local area network applications is presented.
Abstract: This study focuses on the design, simulation, and fabrication of a coplanar waveguide miniaturised wearable antenna that is fully implemented in textile materials and operable at 2.45/5.8 GHz for wireless local area network applications. This antenna is assumed to be placed near the human body, so that it needs to be miniaturised with excellent performances. To increase the performance of the short-distance textile antenna and to control the specific absorption rate, an artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) is preferred as a reflector plane. The volume of the proposed antenna with AMC is 75 × 50 × 6 mm 3 , the simulation and measurement results are in good agreement and show that the antenna performances perform better results in comparison with the one reported so far in the literature while having a smaller volume. AMC significantly improves the performance of the antenna. The gains of the antenna are 8.2 and 9.95 dBi at 2.45 and 5.8 GHz, respectively (an increase of 3 dB compared with an antenna without AMC).

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a real-time label-free microwave analyzer fabricated on FR4 board for quantitative analysis of the glucose concentration was demonstrated, where the analyte under test (AUT) is confined by integrating a Poly-DiMethyl-Siloxane (PDMS) cavity on to the IDT structures.
Abstract: In this paper, we have demonstrated a real-time label-free microwave analyzer fabricated on FR4 board for quantitative analysis of the glucose concentration. In this, sensing area configured of interdigital (IDT) structures is embedded in the centre of coplanar waveguide (CPW) transmission line. Here, centre of the IDT structures is acting as sensing area, where analyte under test (AUT) is confined by integrating a Poly-DiMethyl-Siloxane (PDMS) cavity on to the IDT structures. Analyte’s inherent electrical property that is dielectric constant is used as source of quantitative analysis when electromagnetic (EM) waves interact with AUT. The glucose concentration dependent dielectric constant causes shift in RF parameters which are investigated in the form of S-parameters, peak frequency, impedance, resistance and reactance. These parametric measurements are carried out using Vector Network Analyzer (VNA) and the variation in each parameter w.r.t the glucose concentration ranging from 0 g/mL to 1 g/mL, are closely observed. A rigorous study has been carried out for multidimensional characterization where measured sensitivity in terms of S11 magnitude is 15.30 dB/g/mL, S11 peak frequency is 235.32 MHz/g/mL, S12 magnitude is 5 dB/g/mL, S12 peak frequency is 168 MHz/g/mL, resistance is 10.91 Ω/g/mL, reactance is 23.82 Ω/g/mL, and impedance is 63.11 Ω/g/mL with linear regression coefficient always better that 0.87. Experimental results show that proposed planar analyzer has a great potential to determine glucose multidimensional quantitative analysis for high accuracy and with improved sensitivity.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a low-cost inkjet printing method for antenna fabrication on a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate is presented, where an office inkjet printer is used to have desired patterns of silver nanoparticle ink on the PET substrate without any postprocessing.
Abstract: A low-cost inkjet printing method for antenna fabrication on a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate is presented in this paper. An office inkjet printer is used to have desired patterns of silver nanoparticle ink on the PET substrate without any postprocessing. Silver nanoparticle ink cures instantly as soon as it is ejected from the printer on a chemically treated PET substrate. The thickness of the silver nanoparticle layer was measured to be 300 nm with a sheet resistance of as low as 0.3 Ω/sq and a conductivity around 1.11 × 107 S/m with single layer deposition. A coplanar waveguide- (CPW-) fed Z-shape planar antenna on the PET substrate achieved the measured radiation efficiency of 62% and the IEEE gain of 1.44 dBi at 2.45 GHz. The printed antenna is also tested in bending conditions to ascertain its performance for the Internet of things (IoT) conformal applications for the future 5G network.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a palm-sized antenna is proposed for the hybridization of fifth generation (5G) and long-term evolution-advanced (LTE-A) communication modes, which has the overall volume of 70 mm ( fixme l) × 40 mm (¯¯¯¯ w) × 0.254 mm (�� h) clutched by four multiple-input-multiple-output chip antennas (CAs) operating at 2.4 GHz for LTE-A on the sides of a flat substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) four-by-four Butler matrix (BM
Abstract: A palm-sized antenna is proposed for the hybridisation of fifth generation (5G) and long-term evolution-advanced (LTE-A) communication modes. The antenna has the overall volume of 70 mm ( l ) × 40 mm ( w ) × 0.254 mm ( h ) clutched by four multiple-input-multiple-output chip antennas (CAs) operating at 2.4 GHz for LTE-A on the sides of a flat substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) four-by-four Butler matrix (BM) beamforming antenna operating over the band from 27 to 29 GHz for 5G communication. Advantages are the broad bandwidth gained by a low-profile BM and this metal SIW structure of high isolation above 10 dB with neighbouring CAs, which is impossible for the microstrip BM and coplanar waveguide (CPW) version. The simulated and measured results of the impedance matching as well as the gains and radiated field patterns of all the ports reveal the antenna is proper for the multi-mode communication as a compact geometry. Besides, high isolation between the closely placed radiating elements is observed.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a vector network analyzer was used to extract the group velocity as well as the dispersion relation of spin wave propagation in yttrium iron garnet (YIG) thin films with an ultra-low damping constant α = 8 × 10 - 5.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a dual symmetrical coplanar waveguide (CPW)-fed small size printed square slot antenna (SSA) with dual linearly and circularly polarized radiation capability is presented.
Abstract: A dual symmetrical coplanar waveguide (CPW)-fed small size wideband printed square slot antenna (SSA) with dual linearly and circularly polarized radiation capability is presented. The antenna is composed using a square slot, two symmetrical orthogonal CPW feed lines connected to horizontal and vertical arm of L-shaped radiator, an embedded parasitic inverted-L strip at the lower left corner of the square ground slot and engraving slots in the ground plane. Circular polarization (CP) is achieved due to two orthogonal CPW feed lines and a common L-shaped radiator. Isolation between ports is improved by engraving slots at the lower left corner of ground plane and embedded parasitic inverted-L strip. The sense of dual-polarization can be changed in pass-band by changing the port excitation. Measured antenna reveals that an 84.4% (4.6 GHz, 3.15–7.75 GHz) −10 dB impedance bandwidth (IBW) and about 33% (2.03 GHz, 5.12–7.15 GHz) 3-dB axial ratio bandwidth (ARBW). Isolation between ports