Corchorus capsularis

About: Corchorus capsularis is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 346 publications have been published within this topic receiving 3541 citations. The topic is also known as: Jew's Marrow.

Structural characterization of the lignin from jute (Corchorus capsularis) fibers.

Abstract: The structural characteristics of the lignin from jute (Corchorus capsularis ) fibers, which are used for high-quality paper pulp production, were studied. The lignin content (13.3% Klason lignin) was high compared to other nonwoody bast fibers used for pulp production. The lignin structure was characterized by pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS), 2D-NMR, and thioacidolysis. Upon Py-GC/MS, jute fibers released predominantly products from syringylpropanoid units with the S/G ratio being 2.1 and a H/G/S composition of 2:33:65. 2D-NMR of the milled wood lignin (MWL) isolated from jute fibers showed a predominance of beta-O-4' aryl ether linkages (72% of total side chains), followed by beta-beta' resinol-type linkages (16% of total side chains) and lower amounts of beta-5' phenylcoumaran (4%) and beta-1' spirodienone-type (4%) linkages and cinnamyl end groups (4%). The high predominance of the S-lignin units, together with the high proportion of beta-O-4' aryl ether linkages, which are easily cleaved during alkaline cooking, are advantageous for pulping. On the other hand, a small percentage (ca. 4%) of the lignin side chain was found to be acetylated at the gamma-carbon, predominantly over syringyl units. The analysis of desulphurated thioacidolysis dimers provided additional information on the relative abundances of the various carbon-carbon and diaryl ether bonds and the type of units (syringyl or guaiacyl) involved in each of the above linkage types. Interestingly, the major part of the beta-beta' dimers included two syringyl units, indicating that most of the beta-beta' substructures identified in the HSQC spectra were of the syringaresinol type (pinoresinol being absent), as already observed in the lignin of other angiosperms.

Hydrogen peroxide metabolism as an index of water stress tolerance in jute

Abstract: Two species of jute plants Corchorus capsularis L. (cv. JRC 212) and C. olitorius L. (cv. JRO 632) were subjected to water stress for 2 and 4 days by withholding water. The relative water content (RWC) decreased in both plants under water stress but to a greater extent in C. olitorius. The C. olitorius seedlings also showed greater membrane injury than C. capsularis seedlings under water stress as was evident from injury index data. Water stress increased glycolate oxidase (EC 1.1.3.1.) activity more in C. olitorius than in C. capsularis. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD, EC 1.15.1.1.) and catalase (EC 1.11.1.6.) decreased under water stress and their decrease was higher in C. olitorius than in C capsularis. The level of hydrogen peroxide and lipid peroxidation also increased in both plants under water stress and the increase was higher in C. olitorius than in C. capsularis seedlings. Under comparable external water stress, C. capsularis seedlings showed lower membrane damage, lower H2O2 accumulation and lower lipid peroxidation than C. olilorius which may be taken as indicative of higher water stress tolerance capacity of the former.

Influence of phosphorus on copper phytoextraction via modulating cellular organelles in two jute (Corchorus capsularis L.) varieties grown in a copper mining soil of Hubei Province, China.

Abstract: Soil in mining areas is typically highly contaminated with heavy metals and lack essential nutrients for plants. Phosphorus reduces oxidative stress, improves plant growth, composition, and cellular structure, as well as facilitates the phytoremediation potential of fibrous crop plant species. In this study, we investigated two jute (Corchorus capsularis) varieties HongTieGuXuan and GuBaChangJia cultivated in copper (Cu)-contaminated soil (2221 mg kg−1), under different applications of phosphorus (0, 30, 60, and 120 kg ha−1) at both anatomical and physiological levels. At the same Cu concentration, the tolerance index of HongTieGuXuan was higher than that of GuBaChangJia, indicating that HongTieGuXuan may be more tolerant to Cu stress. Although the normal concentration of P (60 kg ha−1) in the soil improved plant growth, biomass, chlorophyll content, fibre yield and quality, and gaseous exchange attributes. However, high concentration of P (120 kg ha−1) was toxic to both jute varieties affected morphological and physiological attributes of the plants under same level of Cu. Moreover, Cu toxicity increased the oxidative stress in the leaves of both jute varieties was overcome by the activities of antioxidant enzymes. Furthermore, the high concentration of Cu altered the ultrastructure of chloroplasts, plastoglobuli, mitochondria, and many other cellular organelles in both jute varieties. Thus, phytoextraction of Cu by both jute varieties increased with the increase in P application in the Cu-contaminated soil. This suggests that P application enhanced the phytoremediation potential jute plants and can be cultivated as fibrous crop in Cu-contaminated sites.

Isolation, 1H and 13C NMR studies of (4-O-methyl-d-glucurono)-d-xylans from luffa fruit fibres, jute bast fibres and mucilage of quince tree seeds

Abstract: The (4- O -methyl- d -glucurono)- d -xylans isolated from luffa fruit fibres ( Luffa cylindrica ), jute bast fibres ( Corchorus capsularis ) and mucilage of the seeds of the quince tree ( Cydonia oblonga ) were studied by 1 H and 13 C NMR spectroscopy. Their NMR spectra were grossly similar, but the molar proportions of d -Xyl and 4- O -Me- d -GlcA varied and were found to be, respectively, 7.5:1, 5:1 and 2:1 for luffa fibres, jute bast fibres and quince tree seeds mucilage. The mucilage extracted from the seeds of the quince tree contained cellulose microfibrils strongly associated with a glucuronoxylan possessing a very high proportion of glucuronic acid residues. In addition to 4- O -methyl- α - d -glucopyranosyluronic residues the presence of α - d -glucopyranosyluronic residues was noticed, respectively, in the molar ratio 4- O -Me- d -GlcA and- d -GlcA 9:1.

Evaluation of genetic diversity in jute (Corchorus species) using STMS, ISSR and RAPD markers

Abstract: Jute is an important fibre crop that has dominated the packaging sector for over one and a half centuries in India For sustenance of the trade in the face of tough competition from synthetics, there is an urgent need to redesign the ongoing breeding strategy to improve both the yield and quality of jute fibre It is therefore, essential to understand the pattern of diversity in this important commercial crop species In the present study, genetic diversity analysis of 20 exotic germplasm lines and 20 commercial varieties of the two cultivated species (Corchorus olitorius and C capsularis) and two wild relatives of jute (C aestuans and C trilocularis) was carried out using sequence tagged microsatellite site (STMS), inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers The first set of six STMS markers developed from the genomic sequence of C olitorius was not fully transferable to the related species C capsularis The level of intraspecific polymorphism revealed by these markers was very low The four ISSR and 22 RAPD primers employed in the study revealed 9844% and 100% polymorphism, respectively, across all the species, while the level of polymorphism was significantly low within a species The commercial varieties, particularly those of C capsularis, had an extremely narrow genetic base that demands immediate effort for diversification The germplasm accessions in both the cultivated species showed considerably higher levels of diversity and thus should be used in broadening the base of the varieties All the accessions of C olitorius together with the wild species C aestuans clustered separately from those of C capsularis and C trilocularis, suggesting a polyphyletic origin of the two cultivated species