Showing papers on "Corchorus olitorius published in 2013"
TL;DR: The study revealed that these vegetables are important sources of some vital nutrients and increased production and consumption of these nutrient-rich vegetables will help reduce the nutrition-related disorders in Africa.
Abstract: The promotion and consumption of indigenous vegetables could help mitigate food insecurity and alleviate malnutrition in developing countries. In this respect, 17 accessions (candidate breeding lines that have not yet officially been released) of five African indigenous vegetables: amaranth (Amaranthus cruentus), nightshade (Solanum scabrum), African eggplant (Solanum aethiopicum), jute mallow (Corchorus olitorius) and okra (Abelmoschus callei), previously selected for their superior agronomic and horticultural traits, were evaluated in Cameroon for minerals (Ca, Mg, K, P, Zn and Fe), proteins, and carotenoids content. Nutrient content differed significantly (P<0.001) between cultivars. Amaranth (especially line AM-NKgn) had the highest Ca, Mg, and Zn content in comparison to other genera. Nightshade had the highest K and Fe content. The highest K and Fe levels were found in nightshades BG24 and SS52, respectively. Nightshade had the highest level of protein, especially line BFS1. The highest amount of carotenoids was identified in the eggplant variety Oforiwa. The study revealed that these vegetables are important sources of some vital nutrients. Increased production and consumption of these nutrient-rich vegetables will help reduce the nutrition-related disorders in Africa.
110 citations
TL;DR: Presentation of substantial quantity of phenolics and flavonoids in the extract may be responsible for the observed protective role against Pb-intoxication and could significantly restore the biochemical and haematological parameters near to the normal status through antioxidant activity and/or by preventing bioaccumulation of Pb within the tissues of experimental rats.
80 citations
TL;DR: The first complete microsatellite genetic map of jute is reported using an F6 recombinant inbred population and favorable QTLs were derived from the desirable parents, except for nearly all of those for fibre fineness, which might be due to the creation of new gene combinations.
Abstract: We report the first complete microsatellite genetic map of jute (Corchorus olitorius L.; 2n = 2 × = 14) using an F6 recombinant inbred population. Of the 403 microsatellite markers screened, 82 were mapped on the seven linkage groups (LGs) that covered a total genetic distance of 799.9 cM, with an average marker interval of 10.7 cM. LG5 had the longest and LG7 the shortest genetic lengths, whereas LG1 had the maximum and LG7 the minimum number of markers. Segregation distortion of microsatellite loci was high (61%), with the majority of them (76%) skewed towards the female parent. Genomewide non-parametric single-marker analysis in combination with multiple quantitative trait loci (QTL)-models (MQM) mapping detected 26 definitive QTLs for bast fibre quality, yield and yield-related traits. These were unevenly distributed on six LGs, as co-localized clusters, at genomic sectors marked by 15 microsatellite loci. LG1 was the QTL-richest map sector, with the densest co-localized clusters of QTLs governing fibre yield, yield-related traits and tensile strength. Expectedly, favorable QTLs were derived from the desirable parents, except for nearly all of those for fibre fineness, which might be due to the creation of new gene combinations. Our results will be a good starting point for further genome analyses in jute.
30 citations
TL;DR: A tissue culture independent method for introducing a CMV 35S promoter driven katE gene from Escherichia coli K12 into a popular jute cultivar (Corchorus olitorius var O-72) in Bangladesh showed that transgenic plants were more tolerant as compared to wild plants.
Abstract: There is an urgent need for developing crops with greater tolerance to environmental stresses. This is even more important for fiber crops, which are being pushed to the marginal low-productive lands in order to make more room for food crops. Jute is the source of a highly versatile and environmentally friendly natural fiber, and is second only to cotton in terms of production and variety of uses. In this study, we used a tissue culture independent method for introducing a CMV 35S promoter driven katE gene from Escherichia coli K12 into a popular jute cultivar (Corchorus olitorius var O-72) in Bangladesh. Molecular analysis of the transgenic plants using PCR, reverse transcription PCR, and Southern blot confirmed the insertion of the katE gene into the jute genome and its successful expression. Salt stress regimens (150 mM NaCl) showed that transgenic plants were more tolerant as compared to wild plants.
22 citations
TL;DR: The identification of repetitive DNA sequences were identified to facilitate comparative molecular and cytogenetic studies of two jute cultivars and to develop a fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) karyotype for chromosome identification.
21 citations
TL;DR: In both 48 h leaf and seed extract treatments, genotoxic damage significantly increased with increasing concentrations at relevant cytotoxic concentrations, and the results of the comet assay revealed that the extracts induced genot toxic damage on ARH-77 cells.
Abstract: Context: Corchorus olitorius L. (Malvaceae) has industrial importance in world jute production and is a widely cultivated and consumed crop in Cyprus and in some Arabic countries.Objective: The present study investigated cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of leaf extracts (LE) and seed extracts (SE) of the C. olitorius on the multiple myeloma-derived ARH-77 cells. The extracts were also evaluated for their total phenol content (TPC) and free radical scavenging activity (FRSA).Materials and methods: C. olitorius was collected from Nicosia, Cyprus. TPC and FRSA were measured by Folin–Ciocalteu and DPPH free radical methods, respectively. Cytotoxicity was evaluated by the MTT assay (4–2048 µg/mL range), and DNA damage (at IC50 and ½IC50) was measured by the comet assay.Results and discussion: The LE had significantly higher total phenol (78 mg GAE/g extract) than the SE (2 mg GAE/g extract) with significantly higher FRSA (IC50 LE: 23 µg/mL and IC50 SE: 10 401 µg/mL). Both LE and SE exerted cytotoxic eff...
19 citations
TL;DR: The Miniprep consistently recovered high amounts of DNA with good spectral qualities at A260/A280 and was found suitable for PCR amplification, and could be detected by PCR from artificially inoculated as well as naturally infected jute seeds.
Abstract: A simple method was developed for isolating DNA from jute seed, which contains high amounts of mucilage and secondary metabolites, and a PCR protocol was standardized for detecting the seedborne pathogen Macrophomina phaseolina. The cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide method was modified with increased salt concentration and a simple sodium acetate treatment to extract genomic as well as fungal DNA directly from infected jute seed. The Miniprep was evaluated along with five other methods of DNA isolation in terms of yield and quality of DNA and number of PCR positive samples. The Miniprep consistently recovered high amounts of DNA with good spectral qualities at A260/A280. The DNA isolated from jute seed was found suitable for PCR amplification. Macrophomina phaseolina could be detected by PCR from artificially inoculated as well as naturally infected jute seeds. The limit of PCR-based detection of M. phaseolina in jute seed was determined to be 0·62 × 10(-7) CFU g(-1) seed.
16 citations
TL;DR: Plant adaptation to cope with stress in the environment is revealed as germination was higher in seeds of A. esculentus and C. olitorus under light while the seeds of D. regia germinated more in the dark, and higher leaf area was observed in the shade plant of A .
Abstract: Seeds of Abelmoschus esculentus , Amaranthus cruentus , Celosia argentea , Corchorus olitorius and Delonix regia were germinated under light and dark conditions. The germination parameters revealed that germination was higher in seeds of A. cruentus and C. olitorus under light while the seeds of D. regia germinated more in the dark. However, no major difference was observed in the germination of C. argentea and A. esculentus in light and darkness. The above findings point out that germination is species dependent. It also indicated that Amaranthus cruentus and C. olitorius adapt better to light while D. regia adapt better to dark condition. The shade plants of A. esculentus and D. regia were found to be taller than those under direct sunlight. However, seedlings of A. cruentus , C. olitorius and C. argentea were found to be taller those under direct sunlight than in the shade regimes. This could suggest that these plants have higher tolerance of heat with respect to A. esculentus and D. regia . Shade plants of A. esculentus , C. argentea , C. olitorius and D. regia exhibited lower leaf area which is an adaptation to maximize light interception. Higher leaf area was observed in the shade plant of A. cruentus may be an adaptation to maximize the little light available to the plant under shade. These findings revealed plants adaptation to cope with stress in the environment.
14 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The results of this study showed that the ethanolic seed extract of C.O has great potentials as an anti diabetic remedy due to the ability of the extract to lower blood glucose levels in normal rats, diabetic rats and also suppress postprandial rise in blood sugar levels.
Abstract: The ethanolic seed extract of Corchorus olitorius was studied to ascertain its possible antidiabetic effect. Corchorus olitorius seeds were pulverized to powder and Soxhlet extractor was used for extraction of the seed compound with ethanol. The study was carried out using normoglycaemic, glucose challenged and alloxan induced diabetic albino rats. The dose range tested for the extract was between 100- 1000mg/kg body weight of the rats. The effects were compared with a glibenclamide (0.2mg/kg) treatment and a normal saline treatment control groups. A repeat dose study was carried out for 14 days at a fixed dose of 500mg/kg and the glycosylated haemoglobin and insulin level determined. The ethanolic seed extract of Corchorus olitorius was found to contain alkaloids, tannins, flavanoids, glycocides, saponin, cardiac glycocides, anthraquinons, steroids and volatile oil. The extract significantly (p≤0.01) reduced blood sugar levels in normoglycaemic, OGTT and diabetic rats. This was further supported by reduction in the glycosylated haemoglobin and increase in the insulin level determined. In Conclusion, the results of this study showed that the ethanolic seed extract of C.O has great potentials as an anti diabetic remedy due to the ability of the extract to lower blood glucose levels in normal rats, diabetic rats and also suppress postprandial rise in blood glucose levels.
10 citations
TL;DR: The microbiological susceptibility study revealed high persistency of JF towards biodegradation after efficient grafting with tannin, suitable for removal of organic and inorganic pollutants from industrial effluents.
10 citations
TL;DR: Aqueous extracts of Corchorus olitorius L, Celosia argentea L., and Ocimum gratissimum L. were evaluated for cyto-genotoxic effects on Allium cepa L. root cells using 0.5, 1.0, 5.0 and 50.0 ppt as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Consumption of leafy vegetables provides health benefits but sometimes may turn out to be the cause of certain health problems. Thus, adequate toxicological screening is needed to ensure safety of their consumption. Aqueous extracts of Corchorus olitorius L., Celosia argentea L., and Ocimum gratissimum L. were evaluated for cyto-genotoxic effects on Allium cepa L. root cells using 0.5, 1.0, 2.5, 5.0, 10.0, 25.0 and 50.0 part per thousand (ppt), each of the vegetable extracts. The levels of macronutrients (moisture, ash, protein, fibre, fat and carbohydrate) in the vegetables and some minerals (cadmium, copper, iron, lead, magnesium, nickel and zinc) of their aqueous extracts were determined. The carbohydrate values were in the order O. gratissimum > C. olitorius > C. argentea with 48.17% as the highest. The values obtained for ash, protein, fat, Mg and Zn contents were in the order C. argentea > C. olitorius > O. gratissimum , with the highest values of 19.98%, 30.79%,, 0.22% , 226.4 mg/L and 2.57mg/L, respectively obtained for C. argentea . The concentration of Cu and Pb were in the order of O.gratissium > C. argentea > C. olitorius with 0.67 and 0.21mg/L obtained for O.gratissium ( P <0.05). The aqueous extracts of the three vegetables inhibited root growth and cell division in the A. cepa root tips, with the highest inhibitory effects observed in C. argentea at 50.0 ppt. Induced chromosomal aberrations were significant only at 1.0 and 25 ppt of O. gratissimum , whereas there were no significant differences in aberrant cells in C. olitorius and C. argentea compared to the control. Chromosomal aberrations observed in the treated A. cepa roots include c-mitosis, Chromosome bridge and sticky chromosome. The results showed that the three vegetables have nutritive qualities but with root growth and mitotic inhibitory activities, which were severe in C. argentea . Although the result indicates that chromosomal aberrations might be induced at higher concentrations, the antimitotic potential of the extract of C. argentea may favour its uses in the development of drugs to prevent the uncontrolled proliferation of cancer cells of which investigation is required. Keywords: Cytogenotoxicity, minerals, proximate, aberration, Allium African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development , Volume 13 No. 2, April 2013
01 Jan 2013
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors tried to study the growth of production of jute as well as variability in the jute production across the leading jute producing nations of the world.
Abstract: The study attempts at studying the growth of production of jute as well as variability in the jute production across the leading jute producing nations of the world. Using kinked exponential methodology for growth estimation, the study reveals that growth of production of jute has declined significantly during the period 1992-2010 as compared to the previous sub-period 1970-1991. The decomposition of growth and variability shows that the fluctuation in area under cultivation is the mainly responsible for output fluctuations. Finally the analysis shows the potential opportunities for the top two leaders, India and Bangladesh, in the global jute production and export. I. Introduction Jute is a natural fiber popularly known as the golden fiber. It is one of the cheapest and the strongest of all natural fibers and considered as fiber of the future. Jute is second only to cotton in world's production of textile fibers. India, Bangladesh, China and Thailand are the leading producers of Jute. It is also produced in southwest Asia and Brazil. The two main types of jute, white jute (Corchorus Capsularies)and dark jute or tossa (Corchorus Olitorius) are grown in India, Bangladesh, Thailand, China and south Asian countries. India is the largest producer of jute goods in the world, while Bangladesh is the largest cultivator of raw jute. Jute, as a natural fibre, has many inherent advantages like lusture, high tensile strength, low extensibility, moderate heat and fire resistance and long staple lengths. It is a biodegradable and eco-friendly. It has many advantages over synthetics and protects the environment and maintains the ecological balance. Jute is not only a major textile fiber but also a raw material for non-traditional and value added non-textile products. Jute is used extensively in the manufacture of different types of traditional packaging fabrics, manufacturing Hessian, saking, carpet backing, mats, bags, tarpaulins, ropes and twines. Recently jute fibers are used in a wide range of diversified products: decorative fabrics, chic-saris, salwar kamizes, soft luggage's, footwear, greeting cards, molded door panels and other innumerable useful consumer products. Supported by several technological developments today jute can be used to replace expensive fibers and scare forest materials. However, despite its several advantage the production of raw jute and jute industries have shown very gloomy picture during last few decades. The introduction of synthetic fiber has created the recession in jute industry. Islam and Alauddin (2012) have pointed out the fluctuations and declining growth trend of jute production in the world over has created a good opportunity for countries like Bangladesh. Rahman and Khaled (2011) have also opined that the changes in the global market and global thinking as far as the jute products and jute production are concerned, there exists potential opportunities for the major producers in the world. It is mainly due to the traditional of policies followed over a number of years, jute industries tend to be slow to adapt
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of various organic amendments (poultry manure, cow dung), organo-mineral and inorganic fertilizer on physico-chemical properties of sandy soil and the performance of Corchorus grown on it was evaluated at the Gateway Fertilizer Plant, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria.
Abstract: Sandy soils are generally in need of improvement of their nutrient status. An open field pot experiment was conducted at the Gateway Fertilizer Plant, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria to evaluate the effect of various organic amendments (poultry manure, cow dung), organo-mineral and inorganic fertilizer on physico-chemical properties of sandy soil and the performance of Corchorus grown on it. Four levels of poultry manure (PM), cow dung (CD), Gateway fertilizer (GF) and organo-mineral fertilizer (OMF), at the rate of 0, 10, 20, and 30 tonnes/ha and NPK at 0, 120, 200 and 250 kg were applied. Pre-treated Corchorus seeds were planted and different agronomic data collected at pre-determined days after planting. Results obtained indicated significant differences (p CD 20 tonnes/ha > GF 20 tonnes/ha > OMF 20 tonnes/ha > NPK 250 kg/ha on the sandy soil. The use of organic materials in improving sandy soil to promote optimum crop growth and yield of Corchorus is recommended. PM at 10 tonnes/ha, CD and GF at 20 tonnes/ha should be recommended as source of improving sandy soil if optimum production of Corchorus is desired.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Application of pre and post emergence herbicides in jute affected the total bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi population in soil initially but the microbial population improved gradually and reached to normal level by harvest of jute.
Abstract: A field experiment was conducted during 2007-2008 at Barrackpore on Gangetic alluvium soil to find out the effect of pre-emergence (trifluralin and S-metolachlor) and post-emergence (fenoxaprop-p-ethyl, quizalofop ethyl and cyhalofop butyl) herbicides on weed management, growth and fibre yield of olitorius jute, nutrient removal by weeds and effect on soil microbes. The grass and sedges were the dominant weed flora present in the ratio 1: 0.76 on dry weight basis. Trifluralin controlled the grasses but the problem of sedge weeds occurred (97.9 g m -2 ) and the natural balance of grass:sedge weed complex shifted towards sedge weeds (grass:sedge 1:9). Like trifluralin, the post-emergence grass herbicides (quizalofop ethyl and fenoxaprop-p-ethyl) also allowed sedges to grow. The yield reduction in olitorius jute due to weeds was as high as 47.8%. The field was dominated by sedges (along with grass), so, application of S-metolachlor @ 0.50 kg ha-1 (PE) on soil surface just after jute sowing proved effective in controlling weeds (79.04%), supporting higher jute plant height (252 cm) and achieving higher fibre yield (2.41 Mg ha-1 ). Weeds in jute field at 45 DAS removed 16.59 kg N, 3.67 kg P 2 O 5 and 33.88 kg K 2 O ha -1 . Nutrient contents were much higher in sedge weeds (1.01% N, 0.34% P 2 O 5 and 2.63% K 2 O) than the grasses (0.81% N, 0.09% P 2 O 5 and 1.22% K 2 O). Application of pre and post emergence herbicides in jute affected the total bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi population in soil initially but the microbial population improved gradually and reached to normal level by harvest of jute.
TL;DR: Farm practical year students’ trainees at the Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta revealed the presence of five genera of plant-parasitic nematodes, namely Tylenchu, Pratylenchus, HelicotylenchUS, Meloidogyne and Rotylenchulus.
Abstract: Field study was conducted between January and June 2011 to determine the plant-parasitic and non-parasitic nematodes associated with three indigenous leafy vegetables (Amaranthus viridis, Celosia argentea and Corchorus olitorius) commonly grown in inland valley by farm practical year students’ trainees at the Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta. The 1.76-ha land was laid out in randomised complete block design with four replicates. Six soil cores were taken per replicate and bulked. Two sub-samples weighing 250 g per replicate were assayed for nematodes using WhiteHead and Hemming Tray method. Results revealed the presence of five genera of plant-parasitic nematodes, namely Tylenchus, Pratylenchus, Helicotylenchus, Meloidogyne and Rotylenchulus. Populations of Tylenchus differed statistically (p = 0.05) from all others in C. olitorius. The non-parasitic nematodes varied significantly (p = 0.05) among the vegetable types. Galls incited by Meloidogyne spp. were more (p = 0.05) in C. argentea and C. ...
TL;DR: A degree of resilience of C. olitorius to moisture stress was observed with increasing plant age, but with a significant trade-off in the nutritional quality of the genotype at harvest.
Abstract: Moisture stress can be deleterious to physicochemical properties of crop species to a varying degree. The influence of moisture stress on the ascorbic acid content in the leaf and morphological characters of an elite genotype of Corchorus olitorius were tested in a glasshouse experiment. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design replicated four times. The results of the study showed that a distinct moisture-stress threshold, described as heavy moisture stress, existed for the genotype and ascorbic acid accumulation in the leaves decreased by up to 88.7% because of moisture stress. A comparison of the control with heavy moisture stress showed a decline of 57.1% and 68.4% for plant height and number of leaves, respectively. A degree of resilience of C. olitorius to moisture stress was observed with increasing plant age, but with a significant trade-off in the nutritional quality of the genotype at harvest.
01 Sep 2013
Journal Article•
TL;DR: A web-based expert system has been developed with the aim of improving decision-making by jute growers and other users as mentioned in this paper, which is a client-server application supported by a data base containing information of two domains-fibre production and seed production.
Abstract: Jute (Corchorus olitorius L.= tossa jute and C. capsularis L.= white jute) is a traditional crop of nearly 300 years old with annual commercial value and provides livelihood to more than 5 million rural farm-families mostly located in the eastern part of India. A web-based expert system has been developed with the aim of improving decision-making by jute growers and other users. Knowledge was obtained from the literature and experts. The knowledge was then represented in the knowledge base of the expert system in a series of rules and heuristics. The system is a client-server application supported by a data base containing information of two domains-fibre production and seed production. Both the domains contain management information involving diagnosis and treatment to reduce losses due to weeds, diseases, insect-pests (biotic stress) and hydric stress (logging and drought), respectively, responsible for 22, 12.9, 11 and 25% of the total fibre crop loss of 23% annually in India. This integrated stress management is a part of the crop management system for judicious utilization of all components. The system is enhanced by photographs and drawings to assist the user in stress management of jute crop at the farm level. This user-friendly expert system can be helpful as a decision tool for farmers, technicians and policy makers towards early identification of the harmful agents and hydric stresses, their economic management and for education purpose as well.
01 Jan 2013
TL;DR: The aim of the study was to determine the effect of temperature on the seed germination and seedling emergence of Corchorus olitorius.
Abstract: The aim of the study was to determine the effect of temperature on the seed germination and seedling emergence of Corchorus olitorius . About 2.5kg seed were subjected to seven temperature regimes (40 o C, 50 o C, 60 o C, 70 o C, 80 o C and 90 o C) for 5minutes and 10minutes to break the seed dormancy. The seed germination test was carried out in petri-dishes following the oven heat treatments, while the seedling emergence test was carried out in a concrete trough and trays filled with sterilized soil. The germination was initiated at 40 o C and o
Patent•
13 Sep 2013
TL;DR: In this paper, a cosmetic composition containing neba-neba complex including Hibiscus esculentus, Laminaria japonica, Dioscorea opposita, Corchorus olitorius, Nelumbo nucifera, and polyglutamic acid is provided to remarkably treat deterioration of skin and to improve antiwrinkling and anti-aging effects with excellent antioxidation.
Abstract: PURPOSE: A cosmetic composition containing neba-neba complex including Hibiscus esculentus, Laminaria japonica, Dioscorea opposita, Corchorus olitorius, Nelumbo nucifera, and polyglutamic acid is provided to remarkably treat deterioration of skin and to improve anti-wrinkling and anti-aging effects with excellent antioxidation. CONSTITUTION: A cosmetic composition contains polyglutamic acid and an extract containing Hibiscus esculentus, Laminaria japonica, Dioscorea opposita, Corchorus olitorius, and Nelumbo nucifera as active ingredients. The extract is prepared by separately extracting Hibiscus esculentus, Laminaria japonica, Dioscorea opposita, Corchorus olitorius, and Nelumbo nucifera or mixing and extracting the ingredients using a solvent selected among water, anhydrous or hydrous C1-C4 alcohol, acetone, ethyl acetate, butylacetate, and 1,3-butylene glycol.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Dry fibre weight per plant−1 followed by dry stick weight per plants−1 was the maximum contributors to total genetic divergence.
Abstract: Jute Christened as The golden fibre is the second most important textile fibre next to cotton. A field experiment with thirty diverse genotypes of jute (Corchorous olitorius L.) was undertaken at the teaching farm of Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal. For evaluation of yield characters based on D2 analysis, 30 genotypes were grouped into eight clusters. Cluster I had highest number of genotypes (18) followed by cluster II while cluster III, cluster IV, cluster V and cluster VI accommodated 2 genotypes each whereas cluster VII and VIII included solitary genotype. Maximum inter cluster distance was observed between cluster VII and cluster VIII and closely followed by VI and VII, while the minimum inter cluster distance were observed between cluster II and cluster III. Dry fibre weight per plant−1 followed by dry stick weight per plant−1 was the maximum contributors to total genetic divergence.
31 Jan 2013
TL;DR: The effect of different concentrations of Cassia alata crude aqueous leaf extract on the germination of Corchorus olitorius was investigated and caused a consistent decrease in absolute rate and percentages of germination compared to the control.
Abstract: The effect of different concentrations of Cassia alata crude aqueous leaf extract on the germination ofCorchorus olitorius was investigated. All concentrations of C. alata aqueous leaf extract (10, 30, 50, 75 and 100% C) used in this study caused significant (P < 0.05) decrease in the total percentage and germination rate of C. olitorius. Similarly, all concentrations of this extract significantly (P < 0.05) inhibited radicle elongation in C. olitorius. Pre-soaking of C. olitorius seeds in C. alata crude aqueous leaf extract led to an increase in the lag-phase period preceding germination of the seeds in a concentration-dependent manner. The total percentage and rate of germination decreased as extract concentration increased. All concentrations caused a consistent decrease in absolute rate and percentages of germination compared to the control.
Key words: Cassia alata, Corchorus olitorius, aqueous extract, germination.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Field experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of Kola Pad Husk, urea and their combinations on three leafy vegetables in Lagos, southwestern Nigeria and showed that the use of KPH + Urea at 80kg N/ha (KPH1+urea) was optimum for Telfaria and C. olitorius, while A.cruentus production was optimum at 160kg N /ha addition.
Abstract: Field experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of Kola Pad Husk, urea and their combinations on three leafy vegetables (Telfaria, Corchorus olitorius and Amaranthus cruentus) in Lagos, southwestern Nigeria. The treatments consisted of kola pod husk (KPH) + Urea (ratio 4: 1 N content) and kola pod husk (KPH) alone to supply 0 (control), 80 (KPH1), 120 (KPH2) and 160kg N/ha (KPH3). The treatments were arranged in randomized complete block design with three replications. Application of the varying rate of the fertilizers on the vegetables showed that the use of KPH + Urea at 80kg N/ha (KPH1+urea) was optimum for Telfaria and C. olitorius, while A.cruentus production was optimum at 160kg N/ha (KPH3 + Urea) addition. This indicates that all the vegetables at all the levels of treatments significantly (p< 0.05) gave optimal yields performances compared with control, the supplementation of KPH with external N source to lower the C: N ratio was the best. The yield values at the optimal rates were 14.8, 17.4 and I 1.5 t ha-1 for Telfaria, C.olitorius and A.cruentus respectively.
TL;DR: To the best of the knowledge, this is the first report of bacterial leaf spot on C. olitorius caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv.
Abstract: Jute (Corchorus olitorius L.) is the second most important fiber crop after cotton in terms of global production (3). In November 2011, symptoms suggestive of bacterial infection were observed on a seed crop of jute at the CRIJAF research farm, Barrackpore, West Bengal, India. The disease appeared as small, brown, circular spots, usually less than 5 mm in diameter on the leaves and some of the spots were surrounded by a yellow halo. The lesions on the stems were elongated and in some cases were found to girdle the stem. In the later stages of disease, brown sunken spots were found on the green capsules. Disease incidence varied from about 20% to 90% of the total plants in different affected fields at the CRIJAF research farm. Bacterial leaf spot of jute with similar symptoms was reported in 1957 from Sudan (4). Five symptomatic and three asymptomatic leaf samples were collected from different jute fields. Bacterial colonies isolated on nutrient agar medium from infected young leaves were Xanthomonas-like and pale yellow cream in color. Total DNA was extracted from symptomatic as well as asymptomatic leaf samples by using an improved salt concentration and simple sodium acetate CTAB method (2). Single bacterial colonies were transferred to nutrient agar (NA) medium plates and incubated at 28°C for 48 h. Pure colonies from plates were used directly for DNA extraction using the QIAGEN DNeasy Blood and Tissue kit. PCR was carried out with Xanthomonas campestris specific primers NZ8F3/NZ85R3 (1), which generated an amplicon of 530 bp from all the symptomatic leaf samples as well as pure cultures of the isolated bacteria. No amplification was obtained from asymptomatic leaves. The amplicons from the five symptomatic samples collected from the field were sequenced and showed 100% identity with one another, and one sequence (strain JB-CO-13) was deposited in GenBank (Accession No. KC342185). The BLASTn analysis revealed that bacterial strain JB-CO-13 had 100% identity with X. campestris pv. olitorii (EU285213). Nucleotide span and ORF finder (NCBI) analysis indicated the 530-bp PCR amplicon coded part of a gyrase B gene that had 100% identity with a translated gene product (Protein ID: ABX84334). Three leaves of five 1-month-old jute plants (cv. JRO 204) in pot culture were infiltrated each with a separate bacterial strain using suspensions (1 × 105 CFU/ml) in distilled water. The negative control consisted of leaves infiltrated with sterile distilled water. The plants were kept in a greenhouse with mean maximum and minimum temperatures of 28.96 and 21.8°C, respectively. The plants were covered with plastic bags to maintain high relative humidity (>80%). Typical bacterial lesions were recorded on all the inoculated plants after 1 week. No lesions were seen on the negative control. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of bacterial leaf spot on C. olitorius caused by X. campestris pv. olitorii from India. References: (1) J. Adriko et al. Plant Pathol. 61:489, 2012. (2) C. Biswas, et al. Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 56:105, 2013. (3) Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Agricultural Commodities: Profiles and Relevant WTO Negotiating Issues. Online: http://www.fao.org/docrep/006/Y4343E/y4343e03.htm , 2003. (4) K. A. Sabet. Ann. Appl. Biol. 45:516, 1957.
Patent•
13 May 2013
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed a method for growing Corchorus olitorius having an intestinal function-regulating action is obtained by growth through irradiation with light of a blue light emitting diode.
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide Corchorus olitorius that ameliorates constipation without causing diarrhea, etc.SOLUTION: The Corchorus olitorius having an intestinal function-regulating action is obtained by growth through irradiation with light of a blue light emitting diode. The method for growing the same is provided. Preferably Corchorus olitorius is irradiated with light of a blue light emitting diode and ultraviolet light for growth. The irradiation intensity of light of a blue light emitting diode is preferably not less than 40 μmol msand not more than 60 μmol msat a position of 20 cm isolation distance from the irradiation part of an irradiation device for emitting light of the blue light emitting diode.
Journal Article•
01 Jan 2013
TL;DR: In this paper, an experiment was conducted to assess the physiological quality of jute seed through electrical conductivity, germination and their relationship, which revealed that Corchorus olitorius L. seed showed higher Electrical conductivity over C. capsularis L.seed.
Abstract: An experiment was conducted to assess the physiological quality of jute seed through electrical conductivity, germination and their relationship. In seed quality assessment a total of 16 seed samples of two species of jute (Corchorus capsularis L. and C. olitorius L.) belonging four varieties (O- 9897, O-72, CVL-1 and BJC-7370) were used. The sampled seeds were produced in two production methods-conventional and late season under two sowing methods-line sowing and broadcasting. Results revealed that Corchorus olitorius L. seed showed higher Electrical conductivity over C. capsularis L. jute seed. In terms of two production methods, conventionally produced jute seed samples of both species escaped higher seed leakage, which is the evident of lower quality. The intensity of seed leakage varied according to the genotype studied. Higher potential germination capacity was observed in late sowing jute seed samples over conventionally produced samples. Line sown jute seed showed very little or no effect in contrast with electrical conductivity and germination percent over broadcasting. Negative correlation was observed between electrical conductivity and germination percent.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The present investigation is aimed at utilizing the kharif legumes like cowpea, green gram and rice bean as companion crops in strips with jute to augment jute fibre equivalent yield and reduce the cost towards weeding in particular.
Abstract: Tossa jute (Corchorus olitorius L.) is a very important cash crop and the main fibre crop of eastern India especially for West Bengal (72% area, 78% production). It is already established that day-by-day the probability of getting timely onset of monsoon and the quantum of rainfall receiving are reducing in the country, in general and in the jute growing belt, in particular. Being a traditionally considered rain-fed crop, jute at the early phase of growth suffers from severe moisture stress and faces even drought like situation often due to such aberration in the monsoon behaviour. In some extreme years of moisture stress, crop failure can not be ruled out. Vast majority of jute farmers are small and marginal having poor resource base and therefore, they are not in a position to cope up the situation of crop failure. To overcome the uncertainty, strip cropping of carefully chosen legumes can be practiced which may act as insurance against partial or even complete failure of jute crop. Legumes are considered as essential components of a viable cropping system, particularly for its role as a fixer of atmospheric nitrogen in soil and as a potent source of edible protein through pulses. Besides, legume being a fast growing cover crop with low water requirement able to smother weeds effectively and can reduce the cost towards manual weeding. The present investigation is aimed at utilizing the kharif legumes like cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.], green gram [Vigna radiate (L.) Wilczek], black gram [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper] and rice bean [Vigna umbellate (Thunb.)] as companion crops in strips (20% area) with jute without reducing its population to augment jute fibre equivalent yield and reduce the cost towards weeding in particular. This practice may also encourage the production of more number of jute plants with reduced basal diameter to yield superior fibre quality (Pal et al., 1981). The field experiment was conducted for consecutive two years from 2006 to 2007 at the main farm of Central Research Institute for Jute and Allied Fibres (22.75°N, 88.43°E, 3.14 m AMSL) The experimental soil was Typic Ustochrept with sandyloam texture having neutral pH 7.23 (1:2.5 w/v), organic carbon 5.50 g kg, medium in fertility (available N, P and K were 332, 33 and 148 kg ha respectively). Legumes were grown as strips of 1.5 m width with jute by narrowing jute inter-row spacing from 25 cm to 20 cm and allocating the additional space (20%) for legumes without sacrificing plant density of the main crop The treatment combinations were: T1: Jute (20 cm row) in 80% area + cowpea as grain crop in 20% area; T2: Jute (20 cm row) in 80% area + green gram as grain crop in 20% area; T3: Jute (20 cm row) in 80% area + black gram as fodder crop in 20% area; T4: Jute (20 cm row) in 80% area + rice bean as fodder crop in 20% area; T5: Jute (20 cm row) alone; and T6: Jute (25 cm row) alone. In strip cropping treatments, jute: legumes area was in 4:1 ratio. The intercrop varieties were Pusa Kamal (cowpea), PS 16 (green gram), T9 (black gram) and K1 (rice bean). The varieties for the succeeding crops were B 77 (lentil) and Khitish (paddy). The experiment was laid in RBD with 4 replications. Both black gram and rice bean were sown as broadcast for fodder, while green gram and cowpea were sown in lines spaced 30 cm apart for grain production. The legumes as fodder was harvested at 60 days crop age. Weed dry matter was recorded at 21 days after sowing. The jute equivalent yield of different crop was calculated. Plant height, basal diameter and yield of jute The plant height of jute varied significantly when grown in different strip-cropped system with legumes (Table 1). The highest jute plant height in black gram treatment (227 cm) was at par with cowpea (221 cm) and rice bean (217 cm). Like plant height, similar trends were also observed in case of basal diameter of jute. The general trend of reduction in basal diameter of plants grown with reduced interrow spacing of 20 cm proved beneficial for quality jute fibre production due to more uniform retting. The fibre yield of jute (grown alone) in 20 cm row spacing (29.6 q ha) and in 25 cm rowed crop (28.1 q ha) were at par. Earlier it was reported that growth and yield performance of pepper can be enhanced in mixture with jute at a plant population of 0.1 million per ha (Loveth, 2006). The fibre yield of jute was not varied significantly among the different treatments.
01 Jan 2013
TL;DR: High yellow mite population in the untreated check decreased plant growth and showed significant fibre and stick weight loss in the variety OM-1 and seed weight lossIn the variety O-795.
Abstract: The yellow mite, Polyphagotarsonemus latus Banks (Acari: Tarsonemidae) is one of the most serious pests of jute crop (Corchorus olitorius L.) in Bangladesh. Jute plants of tossa (C. olitorius) varieties were considered as treatments including, O-9897,O-72,OM-1 and O-795. The paired plot treatments (miticide treated and miticide untreated control) were laid out under net house condition. The impact of yellow mite, were studied on three stages of jute plants: 60, 90 and 120 DAS. The higher number of mite stages observed up to 90 DAS then declined afterward up to 120 DAS in var. OM-1 among four C. olitorius varieties. A damage index scale (0-5) was to assess yellow mite injury to jute plants. The percent infestation and damage index was also used to relate yellow mite injury to different yield contributing characters of plants infested at three different phenological stages. The yield contributing characters of untreated plots showed significant damage at 60, 90 and 120 DAS in C. olitorius varieties compared to treatment plots. The highest fibre yield losses due to mite infestation was found in the variety OM-1 (74.71%) followed by O-795 (72.98%), O-72 (68.14%) and the lowest was in O-9897 (50.11%); the highest stick yield losses in OM-1(57.18%) followed by O-795 (49.43%), O-9897 (49.35%), the lowest was in O-72(48.92%)and the highest seed yield losses in O-795(64.34%)followed by O-72(48.21%),OM1(44.55%), he lowest was in O-9897(42.69%) under net house condition. High yellow mite population in the untreated check decreased plant growth and showed significant fibre and stick weight loss in the variety OM-1 and seed weight loss in the variety O-795.