Showing papers on "Corchorus olitorius published in 2018"

Heavy metal accumulation by Corchorus olitorius L. irrigated with wastewater

Abstract: Many agricultural soils in Egypt irrigated with untreated wastewater. Herein, we investigated the effect of untreated industrial wastewater irrigation on the soil and fodder plant Corchorus olittorius (Jew mallow). It also aimed to assess its effect on the growth measurements as well as analyses of soils, irrigation waters, and plants for heavy metal and nutrient concentrations. Significant differences between irrigation waters and soil irrigated with fresh and wastewater were recognized. Wastewater irrigation leads to remarkable reduction in the growth parameters and reduced its vegetative biomass. The concentration of Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, and Zn were high significant and above phytotoxic concentrations in leaves (edible part) and roots of wastewater-irrigated plant. The present study indicated that Jew mallow plant tends to phytostabilize (Cd, Ni, and Mn) in its root and had the ability to translocate (Pb, Cu, Cr, Fe, and Zn) to its leaves. Higher concentrations of Cd, Cu, Cr, Pb, Fe, Mn, Ni, and Zn in the roots than leaves indicate that the roots are hyper-accumulators for Pb, Cr, Cu, Fe, and Zn more than the leaves. The research study recommended that there is a need to protect the soil from contamination through regular monitoring and not to cultivate Jew mallow in wastewater-irrigated soil and that it had a high capacity to accumulate heavy metals in its edible part and causes several harmful health effects for consumers.

The development of Macrophomina phaseolina (fungus) resistant and glufosinate (herbicide) tolerant transgenic jute.

Abstract: The worldwide demand for natural bast fibers is met aptly by the long, golden and silky fibers of jute. This highest bast fiber producing crop is of great applicability and is extensively used in paper and textile industry. Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid is a severely devastating necrotrophic fungal pathogen causing stem rot, root rot, and charcoal rot diseases in both the cultivated species of jute - Corchorus capsularis and Corchorus olitorius. Another major problem faced in jute cultivation is profuse weed infestation in the fields. Huge losses in quality fiber production is caused by this pathogenic fungi and cultivation cost increases as well due to weed management expenditure during cropping season. To solve these long persisting jute cultivation challenges, the chitinase (chi11) gene (to provide fungus resistance) and the bar gene (to provide herbicide tolerance) have been incorporated in C. capsularis JRC-321 via Agrobacterium transformation and analyzed up to T2 generation. Stable integration and expression of these two genes in the jute genome was confirmed upon extensive analyses. Transgenic plants showed higher chitinase expression and chitin degrading activity than non-transgenic control plants. Antifungal activity significantly increased in transgenic plants as confirmed by detached leaf and whole plant M. phaseolina bioassay. Herbicide tolerance was analyzed by growing transgenic plants in 10 mg/l glufosinate ammonium containing media and by spraying 0.25% (v/v) glufosinate herbicide Basta® on them. Assessment of residual phytotoxicity effects of Basta® on soil confirmed no negative impact on growth of indicator plants corn and cucumber. Transgenic jute plants were at par with non-transgenic (control) jute plants in all phenotypic aspects. Non-transgenic (control) jute plants suffered significant losses in fiber yield and quality due to M. phaseolina infection whereas the transgenic lines maintained the quality of fiber even after the infection.

Analysis of genetic diversity and population structure of a worldwide collection of Corchorus olitorius L. germplasm using microsatellite markers

Abstract: Jute (Corchorus spp.) is the second most important global natural fiber crop after cotton. Analyses of the genetic diversity and population structure of the germplasm are useful for improving Corch...

Phytochemical investigation of leaves and seeds of corchorus olitorius l. cultivated in iraq

Abstract: Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate chemical constituents of leaves and seeds of Corchorus olitorius since no phytochemical investigation had been done previously in Iraq.Methods: Leaves and seeds of C. olitorius were defatted by maceration in hexane for 24 h. The defatted plant materials were extracted using Soxhlet apparatus, the aqueous methanol 85% as a solvent extraction for 24 h, and fractionated by petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol. The ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and n-butanol after hydrolysis fractions for each part (leaves and seeds) were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) for its phenolic acid and flavonoid contents. The petroleum ether fraction from the leaves was analyzed using Gas chromatography/mass spectrometer (GC/MS). Flavonoids and phenolic acid derivative were isolated from the ethyl acetate of leaf fraction and n-butanol after hydrolysis fraction of the seeds and identified by mass spectrometry, infrared, HPLC, and HPTLC.Results: The different chromatographic and spectroscopic results revealed the presence of luteolin, quercetin, astragalin, isoquercetin, catechins, and 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid (3,5-DCQA) in both leaves and seeds of C. olitorius and also 17-octadecynoic acid, 9-octadecanoic acid (oleic acid), hexadecenoic acid (palmitic acid), 9,12-octadecanoic acid (linoleic acid), octadecadien-1-ol (I²-sitosterol), and I±-tocopherol (Vitamin E) in the petroleum ether fraction of C. olitorius leaves.Conclusion: The results of the current study proved the presence of 3,5-DCQA, astragalin, and isoquercetin in the ethyl acetate fraction of C. olitorius leaves and catechin in the n-butanol after hydrolysis fraction of C. olitorius seeds.Â

Effect of Drying on the Nutritional and Organoleptic Characteristics of African Leafy Vegetables, Jute Mallow (Corchorus olitorius L.) and Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata)

Abstract: Purpose: The present study investigated the nutritional and organoleptic characteristics of two African leafy vegetables (ALVs)―jute mallow (Corchorus olitorius L) and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata)―at various drying temperatures. Methods: The thin-layer drying of cowpea leaves and jute mallow was studied at various temperatures (40-100°C) in a convective laboratory dryer, and the nutrient profiles of the dried vegetables were determined. The nutrients considered were vitamins B2 and C, and β-carotene. The level of vitamin C was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), whereas the levels of β-carotene and vitamin B2 were determined by titration. Results: β-carotene was the most stable nutrient, whereas vitamin C was the least stable nutrient in both cowpea leaves and jute mallow. The drying parameters―temperature and time―revealed that temperature had the most profound effect on vegetable nutrient stability. Organoleptic tests were carried out on the fresh and dried vegetable; there were no significant differences in preference between the fresh and dried ALVs (95% confidence interval). Conclusions: The present study revealed that the vegetables can be preserved by drying, and the study could be used as a guide for effective drying of those vegetables.

SSR Markers Linked to Mite (Polyphagotarsonemus latus Banks ) Resistance in Jute (Corchorus olitorius L.)

Abstract: The mite is considered as one of the major limiting factors of jute production in Bangladesh. So it is essential to select genotypes with the desired resistance allele combination using DNA markers. Eighty-eight SSR primers were used to screen the mite resistant and sensitive parents. Among them only twenty-one primer pairs showed polymorphism. A genetic linkage map was constructed using these polymorphic primers in one hundred and fifty F 2 populations, derived from a cross between the parents. The SSR markers J-170 and HK-89 have been mapped at 34.1 cM and 35.4 cM, respectively, on either side of the phenotypic marker. These two markers (J-170 and HK-89) along with HK-64 showed 100% selection efficiency in combination.

Antidiabetic and Safety Properties of Ethanolic Leaf Extract of Corchorus olitorius in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats

Abstract: Diabetes is a major metabolic disease of global concern. Ethanolic extract of Corchorus olitorius leaf was investigated for antidiabetic activity in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. A total of thirty-six albino rats (Rattus norvegicus) with body weight 150.50 10.50 g were randomly selected into six groups (A–F). Group A animals were non-diabetic and received 0.5 mL distilled water, groups B, C, D, E and F were made diabetic by administration of alloxan monohydrate (150 mg/kg, body weight i.p). Group B was diabetic untreated, group C was diabetic and treated with glibenclamide, while groups D, E and F received the ethanolic extract of C. olitorius leaf at a dose of 200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg and 800 mg/kg body weight respectively. Phytochemical screening showed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, saponins, phlobatannin anthraquinones, phenol and cardiac glycoside and saponin. The blood glucose of the alloxanized rats after 72 hours which ranged from 17.30–25.33 mmol/L were significantly (p < 0.05) and progressively reduced in treated groups which compared favorably with the standard drug group. The significantly (p < 0.05) elevated levels of serum and liver bilirubin (direct and total), transaminases (AST and ALT), alkaline phosphatase, urea, creatinine, total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-C, as well as reduced levels of total protein, globulin, albumin and HDL-C in the diabetic untreated rats were normalized upon treatment with ethanolic extract of C. olitorius leaf. These results suggest that the ethanolic extract of C. olitorius leaf possesses antihyperglycemic property with no major side effect hence it could be considered safe for the management of diabetes.

Allelopathic activities of celery extract and its fractions against Corchorus olitorius, Echinochloa crusgalli and Portulaca oleracea weeds

Abstract: Aqueous extract of celery (2.5-20 g l-1, w/v) was evaluated for its phytotoxicity against three weed species, under laboratory and greenhouse conditions. Celery extract had a strong inhibitory effect on germination and seedling growth of Corchorus olitorius , Echinochloa crusgalli and Portulaca oleracea seeds. From dose response curves of tested seeds, LC50 were calculated to be in the range from 6.3 to 8.3 g l-1 for germination percent, from 7.2 to 8.0 g l-1 for shoot length and from 1.7 to 3.6 g l-1 for root length. Completely inhibition of root growth was exhibited C. olitorius and P. oleracea at 7.5 g l-1 corresponded with 15 g l-1 for E. crusgalli seed. Total phenolics in celery extract at 20 g l-1 constituted 201 mg l-1. Ten phenolic acids were identified in extract by HPLC, among of them p-coumaric acid and p-hydroxybenzoic acid were presented in high amounts. Aqueous extract was partitioning between three solvents, hexane, methylene chloride, ethyl acetate. Generally, water residue after partitioning aqueous extract with the three solvents had the most phytotoxic effect on seedling growth of target seeds. In greenhouse trial, foliar spray of aqueous extract of celery (30, 60 and 90 g l-1) and its fractions did not produce any significant effect on growth of two-weeks-old C. olitorius, or E. crusgalli or P. oleracea weeds.

Germination, Growth, Photosynthesis,and Osmotic Adjustment of Tossa Jute(Corchorus olitrius L.) Seeds underSaline Irrigation

Abstract: A field experiment focusing on the response of Tossa jute (Corchorus olitorius L.) to salt stress at germination and vegetative growth stages was held in the Institute of Arid Lands of Medenine, Tunisia. Results showed that germinating rate after 24 hrs exceeded 50% under salt levels between 0 and 5 g.l-1. Indeed, salt stress levels delayed the initiation process and decreased significantly kinetics and rate of germination, which were severely limited at 9 and 10 g.l-1 NaCl. After one month of growth, Tossa jute seedlings were subjected to salt treatments of 2, 4, 6, and 8 g.l-1 NaCl. After four weeks of stress in pots, morphological responses were reflected by a significant decrease in parameters of growth and yield when salinity reached 8 g.l-1. Indeed, a reduction in the photosynthetic gaseous exchange and a stomata resistance were notified for seedlings subjected to 6 and 8 g.l-1 NaCl treatments. However, in order to tolerate the highest levels of salt, Tossa jute seedlings make different strategies by reducing the size of leaves, which increases their accumulation of osmolytes such as proline (3.1 mg.g-1 DM) and soluble sugars (13.22 μg.g-1 FM) to permitting the osmotic adjustment.

Postharvest physiology of Corchorus olitorius baby leaf growing with different nutrient solutions

Abstract: The storage at 4°C in darkness of Corchorus olitorius L. baby leaf as a ready-to-eat (RTE) vegetable has been studied for the first time. C. olitorius was cultivated in a floating system with different nutrient solutions: standard (NS100%) or halved (NS50%). Several quality factors of this produce were evaluated during season (spring, summer, autumn) considering treatments and days of storage in order to understand the interactions. During storage, sucrose, total and reducing sugars, nitrate, phenolic compounds, anthocyanins, chlorophylls, and carotenoids were measured. Results showed that chlorophylls decreased by 20–30% for both treatments and the changes were statistically different during spring. Carotenoid content did not change until the end of the storage and values ranged from 0.60 g kg−1 to 0.75 g kg−1 fresh weight depending on the season. Phenols and anthocyanins decreased within 10 days: −40% of phenols and −50% of anthocyanins, respectively. No interaction between nutrient solutions an...

Phytochemical Investigation of Corchorus olitorius L. Leaves Cultivated in Iraq and it’s In Vitro Antiviral Activity

Abstract: The aim of our study was to investigate the antiviral activity of the Corchorus olitorius family Tiliaceae cultivated in Iraq against measles virus, and to demonstrate an overview about chemical constituents and pharmacological activity of Corchorus olitorius L. About150 gm Leaves of Corchorus. olitorius were defatted by maceration in hexane for 24 hrs. The defatted plant materials were subjected for extraction after filtration using Soxhlet apparatus, with aqueous methanol 85% as a solvent extraction for 24 hours, the extract was filtered, and the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure using a rotary evaporator to get a dry extract of about 12 gm. About 4 gm from the residue was suspended in 100ml water, about 3-4ml of 5% sodium hydroxide was added to obtain a basic solution having PH 10 and partitioned with ethyl acetate (3x100ml), the aqueous layer collected and evaporated to dryness. MTT-cell viability assay (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) was conducted on 96-well plates (Falcon), Vero cells were seeded at 1× 104 cells/well to obtain a multiplicity of infection (MOI 10), and at 5 × 103 cells/well to obtain a multiplicity of infection (MOI 5). Different statistical result revealed a significant antiviral activity of the aqueous layer of Corchorus olitorius leaves against measles virus. The preliminary phytochemical tests showed the presence of phenols and flavonoids in the aqueous layer of Corchorus olitorius leaves. The antiviral activity of Corchorus olitorius leaves is mainly due to the phenolics and flavonoids that detected in the aqueous layer.

Phytochemical screening, antioxidant and cytotoxic activity of different morphotypes of Corchorus olitorius L. leaves in the central region of Benin Republic (West Africa)

Abstract: Corchorus olitorius L. which belongs to Tiliaceae family is a cultivated herbaceous plant highly consumed as traditional leafy vegetables in Benin. Extracts from samples of different morphotypes leaves of this species were analysed for their phytochemical compositions, antioxidant and cytotoxicity activities. On each sample extract, qualitative phytochemical tests were used to detect the presence of bioactive molecules and evaluate their cytotoxicity using brine shrimp lethality bioassay. Antioxidant activity was assessed using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl assay. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of several phytochemical compounds in all samples of morphotypes studied but these have not a similar profile. Morphotypes with shiny rounded leaves have more phytochemicals (58% of phytochemicals compounds) than the other samples. Analysis of the potential antioxidant reveals a first category of morphotypes with high potential antioxidant capacity ranged from 27,859 to 32,985 mM EAA/g followed by second class of morphotype which ranged from 17,527 to 23,098 mM EAA/g . Regular consumption of C. olitorius such as varieties with rounded and non-shiny leaves, varieties with elongated and shiny leaves, varieties with red stems, varieties with elongated and non-shiny leaves with lateral lobes, would be useful for the treatment of various diseases induced by free radicals. The LC50 of morphotypes C. olitorius varies between 0.78 and 3.125 mg/ml indicating non toxicity. From this study, results justify the use of some morphotypes of C. olitorius in traditional medicine. Hence, these morphotypes are nutraceuticals leafy vegetables that must be promoted through development of food based products. Key words: Phytochemical analysis, antioxidant activity, cytotoxic activity, Corchorus olitorius, morphotypes, Benin.

Effect of nitrogen fertilizer on growth, quality and yield of Mrenda (Corchorus olitorius) morphotypes in Kenya

Abstract: Production of Mrenda (Corchorus olitorius) in Kenya has been low due to various reasons, such as poor agronomic practices like incorrect fertilizer rates. Observations from the Mrenda growing areas showed that there is high unmet demand for crop in local market and even for export. This is due to yields being low, 2-4 tons/ha as compared to expected yield of 5-8 tons/ha. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to discern effect of Nitrogen fertilizer on growth and yield of Mrenda (Corchorus olitorius) morphotypes. Seed samples were planted at two sites of University of Eldoret and Kenya Agriculture and Livestock Research Organization, Kitale using Randomly Complete Block Design with three replicates and three levels of nitrate (Calcium nitrate) fertilizer. Five plants were tagged and the following traits were recorded: plant height, number of branching at main stem, number of pods and fresh leaf yield. Results showed highest N fertilizer rates had most effect exhibited by Morphotypes GT and BT on plants height; plant branching; pods number per plant and yield weight per plant respectively. Use of no N fertilizer caused lowest plant height, branching at main stem, pods and leaf weight per plant by Morphotypes GT and BT. It is concluded that Mrenda is N loving plant as it enhanced its growth when high amount of Nitrogen fertilizer was applied. It is recommended farmers use high N fertilizer for Mrenda production.

Genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance for yield related characters of tossa jute (Corchorus olitorius) genotypes

Abstract: The genetic parameters of variability were studied for seven yield related characters in forty-seven genotypes of tossa jute. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Highly significant genotypic differences were reported for all the characters. The maximum co-efficient of range were reported for green weight (g)/plant and stick weight (g)/plant followed by fibre weight (g)/plant, green bark thickness (mm) and core diameter (mm). The phenotypic and genotypic variances were the highest in green weight (g)/plant. The high PCV and GCV values recorded in stick weight (g)/plant. The maximum estimates of broadsense heritability were recorded in stick weight (g)/plant followed by fibre weight (g)/plant, green weight (g)/plant and plant height (m). The result from this study leads to the conclusion that green weight (g)/plant, fibre weight (g)/plant and stick weight (g)/plant should be considered during selections for yield in C. olitorius.

Determination of Crop Co-efficient Values for Jute (Corchorus olitorius L.)

Abstract: Site specific calibration of crop coefficient (Kc) values is essential for irrigation scheduling of any crop. In order to determine the values of Kc for jute, an experiment was conducted at the Irrigation and Water Management Division of Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Gazipur. An improved jute variety BJRI Tosa-2 (O-9897) was used in this experiment. The study examined growth and yield of the jute in terms of four irrigation treatments distributed over 7-28 days intervals. The treatments were so designed that drainage was allowed between the consecutive irrigations. Irrigation at 14days interval produced the highest dry fiber yield (3.93 t/ha) and was considered to be suitable for estimating seasonal crop evapotranspiration and Kc values. The seasonal crop ET was 549.13 mm under this treatment. The Kc values of jute at initial, development, mid-season and late season stages were found to be 0.72, 1.39, 1.26 and 0.46, respectively. As there is no FAO-recommended Kc value for this crop, this locally calibrated values can be used for similar climatic conditions of Bangladesh and elsewhere. Therefore, based on Kc value, it can be recommended that jute can be irrigated by equal amount of water needed for crop evapotranspiration (ETc) for different growth stages (141.05, 142.57, 167.34, and 84.30 mm) to get maximum dry fiber yield. The Agriculturists 2018; 16(2) 115-122

Eco-physiological responses and biochemical characterization of different accessions of Corchorus olitorius (L.)

Abstract: Abstract Corchorus olitorius (L.) is one of the main crops for fibre production, cultivated in tropical and subtropical environments, from Africa to Japan, across the Middle East and India. In developing countries, the leaves are used as a medicine and also as food. In this study, we evaluated the physiological responses of nine accessions of C. olitorius in order to nominate the most suitable one for introduction into southern Europe. African and Asian accessions obtained from the Leibniz Institute IPK gene bank were analysed for their photosynthetic variables and quality traits during cultivation. Accessions from Africa, in particular those from Egypt and Libya, showed higher intrinsic water-use efficiency. However, at high temperatures, the Japanese accession also showed a high level of water-use efficiency, as evidenced by the high carbon fixation rate. Chinese and Indian accessions showed a reduction in growth performance, although a high concentration of antioxidants in the leaves and biomass accumulation have been reported in those accessions. C. olitorius demonstrated an intrinsic attitude to adaptation; according to their subtropical origin, all of the plants grew at sub-optimal status (Fv/Fm). These data, however, do not seem to compromise the potential of these plants as a crop for growing in southern Europe. Moreover, their introduction can be based solely on their biochemical quality traits.

GROWTH AND YIELD PERFORMANCE OF JUTE MALLOW (Corchorus olitorius L.) IN RESPONSE TO NITROGEN LEVELS OF POULTRY MANURE IN AN ULTISOLS’ ENVIRONMENT

Abstract: Higher crop yield of jute mallow is desirable due to the increasing pressure to feed the ever increasing population from a decreased available agricultural land with low fertility stats arising from various environment factors such as erosion, desertification and intensive cultivation with poor soil management. The study was conducted in 2015 and 2016 at the Teaching and Research Farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria. The objective of the study was to evaluate the growth and yield performance of jute mallow ( Corchorus olitorius L.) in response to nitrogen levels of cured poultry manure in an ultisol environment. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design involving five treatments with three replications. The treatment is cured poultry manure at rates of 0,30,60,90 and 120 kg Nha -1 .Data were collected on plant height, number of branches and leaves, leaf area index, herbage yield, dry weight and relative agronomic efficacy. The results showed that all variables measured were significantly (P <0.5) affected by the different nutrient levels. The tallest plants, largest number of leaves, branches and LAI were observed in plots treated with 120 kg N ha -1 . The lowest values of all growth characters measured were recorded in untreated control plants. The highest yield value (herbage yield (16.48 and 16.22 t ha -1 ) and relative agronomy efficacy(204 and 168 %)) were obtained in plots treated with 90 and 120 kg N ha -1 and compared to the least values observed in the in the untreated control plants. Herbage yield had significant positive correlation with number of branches, number of leaves, and LAI with coefficients of 0.659, 0.750, and 0.825 respectively. Both the dry matter yield and relative agronomic efficacy also had significant positive correlation with number of branches, number of leaves and LAI. The results indicated that cured poultry performed better when used at the application of 90 kg N ha -1 and is suggested for jute mallow production in an ultisols environment.

Effect of Plant Extracts on Seed Borne Fungi of Jute

Abstract: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of seed-borne fungal pathogens of jute and their control with plant extract. The experiment was carried out in seed pathology centre, Bangladesh Agricultural University to obtain relevant information about the health of jute seeds and find out the efficacy of extracts as seed-treater. Two varieties viz., Deshipat (Corchorus capsularis) and Tossapat (Corchorus olitorius) were selected for this study and jute seeds were collected from two different locations of Bangladesh. The major predominant identified fungi were Colletotrichum corchori, Macrophomina phaseolina, Fusarium spp., and Botryodiplodia theobromae. Least seed-borne fungi were found in the variety of Tossapat. Low germination of seeds was found related to high prevalence of seed-borne fungal infections. Highest seed-borne infection was obtained in the variety of Deshipat. In this study, we evaluated some major plant extracts such as garlic clove (Allium sativum), neem leaves (Azadirachta indica), allamanda leaves (Allamanda cathartica L.) and marigold leaves (Tagetes spp.) for observing the action of these plant extracts on seed borne fungi of Jute. The study revealed that the extract of Garlic (Allium sativum), and Biskatali (Polygonum hydropiper) increased the germination of seeds and garlic (Allium sativum) extract was also found to be most effective in controlling the seed-borne infection among all the treatments. Although the inhibiting capacity of the extracts of Allamanda (Allamanda cathartica L.) and Biskatali (Polygonum hydropiper) was found to be similar and Biskatali extract was found to have the second position among all the treated plant extracts in inhibiting the growth of isolated fungal pathogens.

Evaluation of the anti-inflammatory activity of aqueous extracts from Corchorus olitorius (Malvaceae)

Abstract: The decoction of Corchorus olitorius leaves is used by ivorian traditional healers for the treatment of inflammation. Regarding the decoction used, this study was carried out to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of the acqueous extracts from C. olitorius leaves. These extracts were tested according to the model of acute edema of rat paw induced by carrageenan 1%. The doses of drug orally administered to the animals were as follow: 1470, 2450, 7350 mg / kg. The results obtained with the aqueous extracts of C. olitorius leaves were firstly compared with those of physiological control (NaCl 0.9%) and secondly with those of the reference anti-inflammatory (diclofenac sodium 25 mg / kg). The different comparisons were set up at 1 h, 2 h, 3 h, 4 h, 5 h, 6 h, 12 h and 24 h after the injection of carrageenan to the rats. The parameter considered to appreciate the activity of each treatment was the percentage of increase in leg circumference (% AUG). The results exhibited significant difference (p

Cosmetic compositions containing fermented extract of Origanum majorana Corchorus olitorius and Melissa officianalis

Abstract: The present invention relates to a cosmetic composition containing a mixed and fermented extract of Origanum majorana, Corchorus olitorius, and Melissa officianalis as an effective component. The mixed and fermented extract of Origanum majorana, Corchorus olitorius, and Melissa officianalis exhibits excellent effects on skin wrinkle reduction, skin whitening, skin moisturizing, skin irritation reduction, and antioxidation.

Microbial analysis of leafy vegetables in iceless cooling facility

Abstract: Against the background that leafy vegetables stored under ambient conditions are influenced by environmental factors which may cause significant quality loss in terms of freshness, colour, texture and composition, the iceless cooler was used to evaluate microbial load of leafy vegetables. The samples were evaluated for bacterial (coliforms and mesophiles) and fungal (mold and yeast) loads. Results of the microbial test showed that Corchorus olitorius had highest mean microbial load with plate count of 6.7 x 104 CFU/g and Hibiscus sabdariffa had the least mean microbial load with plate count of 4.8 x 104 CFU/g after five days of storage. Corchorus olitorius show a significant increase of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococci species after five days of storage. The ANOVA results showed that vegetables stored under ambient conditions were significantly different (p˂0.01) from those stored in the iceless cooler. The results also indicate that Amaranthus dubius recorded the highest mean weight of 1.94kg and maintained its freshness and colour for up to three days compared with Corchorus olitorius with the least weight of 1.84kg.

Corchorus olitorius and Urtica pilulifera extracts alleviate copper induced oxidative damage and genotoxicity in tomato.

Abstract: Copper cause oxidative damage in plant cells, and plant extracts are the sources of free radical scavengers. We tested the hypothesis that whether Corchorus olitorius (jute) and Urtica pilulifera (Roman nettle) seed extract treatments of germinated seeds affect copper induced oxidative and genotoxic damage or antioxidant response in tomato. Seedlings were exposed to toxic copper concentration (30 ppm) for 7 days. In one experimental group (treatment 1), extract (100 μg mL-1) was added to media. In the other group (treatment 2), tomato seeds were pre-soaked by the extract (100 μg mL-1) prior to germination and copper application. Malondialdehyde and endogenous H2O2 levels in the groups treated with extract and copper were significantly lower than that of the untreated groups. Pre-soaking seeds with the nettle extract solution significantly enhanced catalase activity under unstressed condition. Jute treatment also enhanced catalase activity under copper stress. Ascorbate peroxidase activity remained at unstressed level in copper treated groups. Extract treatments significantly decreased copper induced DNA damage in root nuclei. Jute seed extract contained salicylic acid and quercetin which can be correlated with the evoked effects. We demonstrated protective effect of plant extract treatments against copper stress of tomato seedlings prior to germination or during seedling development.

23- EXTRACTION OF POLYSACCHARIDES FROM THE LEAVES OF JEWS-MALLOW Corchorus olitorius L .AND THEIR POTENTIAL ANTICOAGULANT ACTIVITY

Abstract: Polysaccharide was extracted from the leaves of (Molokhia) Jew’s-mallow by hotwater extraction using trichloro acetic acid(TCA) to removal of protein from the polysaccharide ,precipitation with ethanol, and obtained a polysaccharide yield from 4.2% based on wet weight source. The biochemical composition of the polysaccharide contains total carbohydrate,sulfateandprotein77.6%, 8.6%, 0.63%, respectively. Phytochemical tests were carried out for polysaccharide. The previous studies indicated the presence of glycoside, phenol and tannin in polysaccharide from Jew’smallow. However, the presence of both alkaloids and saponins was not observed .The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectral analysis of the polysaccharides consist of carboxyls and sulfate groups.The anticoagulant activity of polysaccharide was evaluated by activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and prothrombin time (PT) assays with respect to heparin The results obtained by APTT assay, through the increase in coagulation time, the increase in blood coagulation time with increased polysaccharide concentration, the 100 μg/ml polysaccharide concentration had the longest time of 210Sce and was compatible with the concentration of1000 (IU/ ml) of heparin.However the time of PT did not have any apparent effectiveness in increasing the time of coagulation at all concentration compared with heparin.

Seed Production Potential of Jute (Corchorus olitorius Linn.) as Affected by Integrated Nutrient Management under Irrigated Midland Rice Ecology for Self-sufficiency of Marginal Farmers

Abstract: Jute fibre producing states are completely dependent for its most vital critical input i.e., seed on import from South and West Indian states of India like Maharastra, Andhra Pradesh, Telengana and Karnataka. For self-sufficiency, jute seed production potential of irrigated midlands (0-30 ponding) were tested by developing shallow ridges (15 cm high and base width 50 cm) on puddled rice soil from Mid-August to January. Scanty rainfall coupled with cool and dry weather from November to January has opened up a new vista for jute seed production in traditional jute fibre producing areas of Eastern India. Jute seed production was recorded highest (635.83 kg/ha) using N:P2O5:K2O::60:40:40 kg/ha (Recommended Dose of Fertiliser, RDF) along with bone meal 1.0 t/ha (23% more over control). In control (RDF) the jute seed production potential was only 518.33 kg/ha. The RDF along with jute leaf manure @ 0.5 t/ha produced 542 Kg jute seed/ha (5% more over control). Combination of recommended fertiliser and Neem cake @ 0.2 t/ ha produced 580 kg jute seed/ha (11.89% more over control). Amongst sole chemical fertiliser treatments, treatment T3 (N:P2O5: K2O:: 100:40:40) produced 579.17 kg jute seed /ha (12% more than RDF). Thus, 3.1 to 3.8 kg jute seed can be harvested from 1.5 cent (60 m2) rice midlands, which is sufficient enough to meet the jute seed requirement of one hectare area, using jute seed drill or jute sowing by regulated broadcast method. Incidentally more than 80% of jute farmers are small and marginal in nature and they grow jute in less than one hectare area. RDF+ jute leaf manures @ 0.5 to 1.0 t/ha recorded higher net returns (` 28600 to ̀ 32800/ha) owing to its low cost of production and relatively higher seed yield over RDF alone in both the years with higher B:C ratio from 1.56 to 1.63. Application of augmented chemical fertilization T2, N:P2O5:K2O::80:40:40 kg/ha fetched higher net returns (` 30560 to ` 36510/ha) and B: C ratio from 1.58 to 1.70. Thus judicious management can achieve jute seed production in Eastern India and Bangladesh.