Topic
Corneal endothelium
About: Corneal endothelium is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 3362 publications have been published within this topic receiving 81943 citations. The topic is also known as: endothelium of cornea & endothelium of anterior chamber.
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TL;DR: Comparison of the currently used riboflavin/UVA approach with officially accepted guidelines regarding direct UV damage and the damage created by the induced free radicals shows that as long as the cornea treated has a minimum thickness of 400 μm, the corneal endothelium will not experience damage, nor will deeper structures such as lens and retina.
Abstract: Purpose To study potential damage to ocular tissue during corneal collagen cross-linking (X-linking) by means of the riboflavin/UVA (370 nm) approach. Methods Comparison of the currently used technique with officially accepted guidelines regarding direct UV damage and the damage created by the induced free radicals (photochemical damage). Results The currently used UVA radiant exposure of 5.4 mJ/cm and the corresponding irradiance of 3 mW/cm2 is below the known damage thresholds of UVA for the corneal endothelium, lens, and retina. Regarding the photochemical damage caused by the free radicals, the damage thresholds for keratocytes and endothelial cells are 0.45 and 0.35 mW/cm, respectively. In a 400-microm-thick cornea saturated with riboflavin, the irradiance at the endothelial level was 0.18 mW/cm, which is a factor of 2 smaller than the damage threshold. Conclusions After corneal X-linking, the stroma is depopulated of keratocytes approximately 300 microm deep. Repopulation of this area takes up to 6 months. As long as the cornea treated has a minimum thickness of 400 microm (as recommended), the corneal endothelium will not experience damage, nor will deeper structures such as lens and retina. The light source should provide a homogenous irradiance, avoiding hot spots.
764 citations
TL;DR: The time is right to apply the knowledge that has been gained regarding corneal endothelial cell proliferative capacity and regulation of its cell cycle to develop new therapies to treat patients at risk for vision loss due to low endothelial cells counts.
568 citations
TL;DR: A summary of normal and abnormal endothelial structure and function is presented in this paper, where a leaky barrier formed by the apical gap and macula occludens junctions that keep some water out of the stroma but allow nutrients to pass, and an ATPase-dependent metabolic pump that is located in the lateral plasma membranes.
561 citations
TL;DR: Attention is paid to problems in wound healing understanding and treatment, such as lack of specific epithelial stem cell markers, reliable identification of stem cells, efficient prevention of haze and stromal scar formation, lack of data on wound regulating microRNAs in keratocytes and endothelial cells, as well as virtual lack of targeted systems for drug and gene delivery to select corneal cells.
526 citations
TL;DR: The growth factor mediated synthesis ofSeveral different collagen types and the core proteins of several different leucine-rich type proteoglycans are required to produce collagen fibrils with the size and spacing needed for corneal stromal transparency.
444 citations