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Cost effectiveness

About: Cost effectiveness is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 69775 publications have been published within this topic receiving 1531477 citations.


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Book
01 Nov 1994
TL;DR: Williamson as discussed by the authors combines institutional economics with aspects of contract law and organization theory to identify and explicate the key differences that distinguish three generic forms of economic organization-market, hybrid, and hierarchy.
Abstract: Oliver E. Williamson University of California, Berkeley This paper combines institutional economics with aspects of contract law and organization theory to identify and explicate the key differences that distinguish three generic forms of economic organization-market, hybrid, and hierarchy. The analysis shows that the three generic forms are distinguished by different coordinating and control mechanisms and by different abilities to adapt to disturbances. Also, each generic form is supported and defined by a distinctive type of contract law. The costeffective choice of organization form is shown to vary systematically with the attributes of transactions. The paper unifies two hitherto disjunct areas of institutional economics-the institutional environment and the institutions of governance-by treating the institutional environment as a locus of parameters, changes in which parameters bring about shifts in the comparative costs of governance. Changes in property rights, contract law, reputation effects, and uncertainty are investigated.'

6,602 citations

Book
01 Jan 1996
TL;DR: 1. Cost-Effectiveness Analysis as a Guide to Resource Allocation in Health: Roles and Limitations 2. Theoretical Foundations of Cost-effectiveness Analysis 3. Framing and Designing the Cost- Effectiveness Analysis 4. Identifying and Valuing Outcomes 5. Assessing the Effectiveness of Health Interventions
Abstract: 1 Cost-Effectiveness Analysis as a Guide to Resource Allocation in Health: Roles and Limitations 2 Theoretical Foundations of Cost-Effectiveness Analysis 3 Framing and Designing the Cost-Effectiveness Analysis 4 Identifying and Valuing Outcomes 5 Assessing the Effectiveness of Health Interventions 6 Estimating Costs in Cost-Effectiveness Analysis 7 Time Preference 8 Reflecting Uncertainty in Cost-Effectiveness Analysis 9 Reporting Cost-Effectiveness Studies and Results Appendix A: Summary of Recommendations for the Reference Case Appendix B: Cost-Effectiveness of Strategies to Prevent Neural Tube Defects Appendix C: The Cost-Effectiveness of Dietary and Pharmacologic Therapy for Cholesterol Reduction in Adults

5,617 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2010 (GBD 2010) as discussed by the authors was used to estimate the burden of disease attributable to mental and substance use disorders in terms of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), years of life lost to premature mortality (YLLs), and years lived with disability (YLDs).

4,753 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: EQ-5D, a generic measure of health status that provides a simple descriptive profile and a single index value that can be used in the clinical and economic evaluation of health care and in population health surveys, is being widely used by clinical researchers in a variety of clinical areas.
Abstract: Established in 1987, the EuroQol Group initially comprised a network of international, multilingual and multidisciplinary researchers from seven centres in Finland, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden and the UK. Nowadays, the Group comprises researchers from Canada, Denmark, Germany, Greece, Japan, New Zealand, Slovenia, Spain, the USA and Zimbabwe. The process of shared development and local experimentation resulted in EQ-5D, a generic measure of health status that provides a simple descriptive profile and a single index value that can be used in the clinical and economic evaluation of health care and in population health surveys. Currently, EQ-5D is being widely used in different countries by clinical researchers in a variety of clinical areas. EQ-5D is also being used by eight out of the first 10 of the top 50 pharmaceutical companies listed in the annual report of Pharma Business (November/December 1999). Furthermore, EQ-5D is one of the handful of measures recommended for use in cost-effectiveness analyses by the Washington Panel on Cost Effectiveness in Health and Medicine. EQ-5D has now been translated into most major languages with the EuroQol Group closely monitoring the process.

4,235 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A review of the use of the TiO 2 photocatalyst for remediation and decontamination of wastewater, report the recent work done, important achievements and problems is presented in this paper, however, a lot more is needed from engineering design and modelling for successful application of the laboratory scale techniques to large scale operation.
Abstract: Even though heterogeneous photocatalysis appeared in many forms, photodegradation of organic pollutants has recently been the most widely investigated. By far, titania has played a much larger role in this scenario compared to other semiconductor photocatalysts due to its cost effectiveness, inert nature and photostability. Extensive literature analysis has shown many possibilities of improving the efficiency of photodecomposition over titania by combining the photoprocess with either physical or chemical operations. The resulting combined processes revealed a flexible line of action for wastewater treatment technologies. The choice of treatment method usually depends upon the composition of the wastewater. However, a lot more is needed from engineering design and modelling for successful application of the laboratory scale techniques to large-scale operation. The present review paper seeks to offer an overview of the dramatic trend in the use of the TiO 2 photocatalyst for remediation and decontamination of wastewater, report the recent work done, important achievements and problems.

2,573 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
2023307
2022768
20213,022
20202,908
20192,945
20182,994