Topic
Cost effectiveness
About: Cost effectiveness is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 69775 publications have been published within this topic receiving 1531477 citations.
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
More filters
TL;DR: In this paper, a unified theory is presented for the synthesis of exactly equiripple low-pass prototypes having: a) one simple pole of attenuation at a real frequency; or b) a single pair of real-axis transmission zeros.
Abstract: A new unified theory is presented for the synthesis of exactly equiripple low-pass prototypes having: a) one simple pole of attenuation at a real frequency; or b) a single pair of real-axis transmission zeros (giving linear-phase performance). These types of filters may be regarded as representing the least possible degree of complication over the conventional Chebyshev filter, and are usually realized with one extra cross coupling in the structure. It is demonstrated that this gives much improved skirt selectivity in the case of a finite frequency pole, making it a viable intermediate case between the Chebyshev and elliptic function filters, while in the case of real-frequency zeros, very flat group delay over 50 percent of the passband is achieved with minimal cost in insertion loss and skirt rejection. Approximate and exact synthesis techniques are described, including results for the previously neglected odd-degree case. Experimental results demonstrate agreement with theory.
266 citations
TL;DR: Whether screening for prevalent undiagnosed Type 2 diabetes is feasible, and whether subsequent optimised intensive treatment of diabetes, and associated risk factors, is feasible and beneficial, is evaluated.
Abstract: The ADDITION study: proposed trial of the cost-effectiveness of an intensive multifactorial intervention on morbidity and mortality among people with Type 2 diabetes detected by screening
266 citations
TL;DR: The integrated analysis suggested that newer AEDs used as adjunctive therapy for refractory patients with partial seizures were more effective and more costly than continuing with existing treatment alone, although there was considerable uncertainty in these results.
Abstract: The aim of this review was to examine the clinical effectiveness, tolerability and cost-effectiveness of newer drugs for epilepsy in adults. For the purposes of this review newer antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) included gabapentin (GBP) (Neurontin(R), Parke-Davis), lamotrigine (LTG) (Lamictal(R), GlaxoSmithKline), levetiracetam (LEV) (Keppra(R), UCB Pharma), oxcarbazepine (OXC) (Trileptal(R), Novartis Pharmaceuticals), tiagabine (TGB) [Gabatril(R), Cephalon (UK)], topiramate (TPM) (Topomax(R), Janssen-Cilag) and vigabatrin (VGB) (Sabril(R), Hoechst Marion Roussel). A concurrent review was performed by the West Midlands Health Technology Assessment Collaboration (WMHTAC), Birmingham, to examine the clinical effectiveness, tolerability and cost-effectiveness of newer drugs for epilepsy in children.
266 citations
TL;DR: Adjuvant therapies for HCC while waiting for liver transplantation provide moderate gains in life expectancy and are cost effective for waiting lists of one year or more and for shorter waiting times, only percutaneous treatment confers a relevant survival advantage.
Abstract: Background: Survival after liver transplantation for early hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is worsened by the increasing dropout rate while waiting for a donor. Aims: To assess the cost effectiveness of adjuvant therapy while waiting for liver transplantation in HCC patients. Method: Using a Markov model, a hypothetical cohort of cirrhotic patients with early HCC was considered for: (1) adjuvant treatment—resection was limited to Child-Pugh’s A patients with single tumours, and percutaneous treatment was considered for Child-Pugh’s A and B patients with single tumours unsuitable for resection or with up to three nodule s 10%) and provided gains in life expectancy of 4.8‐6.1 months with an acceptable cost ($40 000/ year of life gained) for waiting lists >1 year whereas it was not cost effective ($74 000/life of year gained) for shorter waiting times or high dropout rate scenarios. Percutaneous treatment increased life expectancy by 5.2‐6.7 months with a marginal cost of approximately $20 000/year of life gained in all cases, remaining cost effective for all waiting times. Conclusions: Adjuvant therapies for HCC while waiting for liver transplantation provide moderate gains in life expectancy and are cost effective for waiting lists of one year or more. For shorter waiting times, only percutaneous treatment confers a relevant survival advantage.
266 citations
01 Jan 2011
TL;DR: Research on the components of SBIRT conducted during the past 25 years are described, including the development of screening tests, clinical trials of brief interventions and implementation research.
Abstract: Summary.Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment (SBIRT) is a comprehensive and integrated approach to the delivery of early intervention and treatment services through universal screening for persons with substance use disorders and those at risk. This paper describes research on the components of SBIRT conducted during the past 25 years, including the development of screening tests, clinical trials of brief interventions and implementation research. Beginning in the 1980s, concerted efforts were made in the US and at the World Health Organization to provide an evidence base for alcohol screening and brief intervention in primary health care settings. With the development of reliable and accurate screening tests for alcohol, more than a hundred clinical trials were conducted to evaluate the efficacy and cost effectiveness of alcohol screening and brief intervention in primary care, emergency departments and trauma centers. With the accumulation of positive evidence, implementation researc...
266 citations