Topic
Cost effectiveness
About: Cost effectiveness is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 69775 publications have been published within this topic receiving 1531477 citations.
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
More filters
•
07 Apr 1998
TL;DR: The authors find that well-targeted early intervention programs for at-risk children, such as nurse home visits to first-time mothers and high-quality pre-school education, can yield substantial advantages to participants in terms of emotional and cognitive development, education, economic well-being and health.
Abstract: The authors find that well-targeted early intervention programs for at-risk children, such as nurse home visits to first-time mothers and high-quality pre-school education, can yield substantial advantages to participants in terms of emotional and cognitive development, education, economic well-being and health.
793 citations
••
TL;DR: The ILRS works with new satellite missions in the design and building of retroreflector targets to maximize data quality and quantity, and science programs to optimize scientific data yield.
791 citations
••
TL;DR: Home telemonitoring of chronic diseases seems to be a promising patient management approach that produces accurate and reliable data, empowers patients, influences their attitudes and behaviors, and potentially improves their medical conditions.
762 citations
••
TL;DR: The preparation and characterization of Ir single atoms supported on FeO (x) (Ir1/FeO(x)) catalysts are reported, the activity of which is 1 order of magnitude higher than its cluster or nanoparticle counterparts and is even higher than those of the most active Au- or Pt-based catalysts.
Abstract: High specific activity and cost effectiveness of single-atom catalysts hold practical value for water gas shift (WGS) reaction toward hydrogen energy. We reported the preparation and characterization of Ir single atoms supported on FeOx (Ir1/FeOx) catalysts, the activity of which is 1 order of magnitude higher than its cluster or nanoparticle counterparts and is even higher than those of the most active Au- or Pt-based catalysts. Extensive studies reveal that the single atoms accounted for ∼70% of the total activity of catalysts containing single atoms, subnano clusters, and nanoparticles, thus serving as the most important active sites. The Ir single atoms seem to greatly enhance the reducibility of the FeOx support and generation of oxygen vacancies, leading to the excellent performance of the Ir1/FeOx single-atom catalyst. The results have broad implications on designing supported metal catalysts with better performance and lower cost.
758 citations
••
TL;DR: This paper found that clean water was responsible for nearly half the total mortality reduction in major cities, three quarters of the infant mortality reduction, and nearly two thirds of the child mortality reduction.
Abstract: Mortality rates in the United States fell more rapidly during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries than in any other period in American history. This decline coincided with an epidemiological transition and the disappearance of a mortality “penalty” associated with living in urban areas. There is little empirical evidence and much unresolved debate about what caused these improvements, however. In this article, we report the causal influence of clean water technologies— filtration and chlorination—on mortality in major cities during the early twentieth century. Plausibly exogenous variation in the timing and location of technology adoption was used to identify these effects, and the validity of this identifying assumption is examined in detail. We found that clean water was responsible for nearly half the total mortality reduction in major cities, three quarters of the infant mortality reduction, and nearly two thirds of the child mortality reduction. Rough calculations suggest that the social rate of return to these technologies was greater than 23 to 1, with a cost per person-year saved by clean water of about $500 in 2003 dollars. Implications for developing countries are briefly considered.
757 citations