Topic
Cost effectiveness
About: Cost effectiveness is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 69775 publications have been published within this topic receiving 1531477 citations.
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TL;DR: A behaviorally-based lifestyle intervention approach in which participants are taught behavioral skills to increase their physical activity by integrating moderate-intensity physical activity into their daily lives is more cost-effective than a structured exercise program in improving physical activity and cardiorespiratory health.
217 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: A systematic review of the literature on HIV-1 infection in sub-Saharan Africa to assess data from recent cohorts and selected cross-sectional studies to delineate rates of opportunistic infections, associated CD4 cell counts, and associated mortality found that tuberculosis, bacterial infections, and malaria were identified as the leading causes of HIV-related morbidity across sub- Saharan Africa.
Abstract: Understanding the natural history of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and opportunistic infections in sub-Saharan Africa is necessary to optimize strategies for the prophylaxis and treatment of opportunistic infections and to understand the likely impact of antiretroviral therapy. We undertook a systematic review of the literature on HIV-1 infection in sub-Saharan Africa to assess data from recent cohorts and selected cross-sectional studies to delineate rates of opportunistic infections, associated CD4 cell counts, and associated mortality. We searched the MEDLINE database and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and Cochrane Clinical Trials Register for English-language literature published from 1990 through April 2002. Tuberculosis, bacterial infections, and malaria were identified as the leading causes of HIV-related morbidity across sub-Saharan Africa. Of the few studies that reported CD4 cell counts, the range of cell counts at the time of diagnosis of opportunistic infections was wide. Policies regarding the type and timing of opportunistic infection prophylaxis may be region specific and urgently require further study.
217 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a microwave assisted green method for the rapid synthesis of silver nanoparticles was reported, which was applied as a catalyst in the degradation of methyl orange and methylene blue by NaBH4.
217 citations
TL;DR: This work reviews on nanostructure based enzymatic and nonenzymatic glucose sensing approaches, and focuses on biocompatibility and toxicity of nanomaterials as well as provides a critical opinion and discussions about misconceptions in glucose sensors.
217 citations
TL;DR: The results of the cost-effectiveness model presented here suggest that donepezil may be cost-effective but additional controlled data on long-term drug efficacy are needed.
Abstract: Objective: To demonstrate the use of cost-effectiveness analysis to assess the economic impact of donepezil in the treatment of mild or moderate AD Background: Cost-effectiveness analyses show the relationship between resources used (costs) and health benefits achieved (effects) for an intervention compared with an alternative strategy Methods: We developed a model to estimate the incremental cost-effectiveness of donepezil compared with no treatment We determined costs per quality-adjusted life-years gained, a measurement that enhances the comparability of diverse studies The model projects the progression of AD patients into more severe disease stages and into nursing homes Data from a randomized clinical trial of donepezil were used to assess the drug’s impact on the 6-week probabilities of progression Data on the costs and health-related quality of life associated with different disease stages and settings were taken from published estimates and our companion cross-sectional study, respectively Results: Donepezil costs are partially offset by a reduction in the costs of care due to enhancement in cognitive functioning and the delay to more costly disease stages and settings The magnitude of this cost offset and of the effect of donepezil on health-related quality of life depends on the model’s assumptions about the duration of the drug effect, where controlled data are lacking If the drug effect exceeds 2 years, the model predicts that for mild AD the drug would pay for itself in terms of cost offsets Conclusions: The results of the cost-effectiveness model presented here suggest that donepezil may be cost-effective but additional controlled data on long-term drug efficacy are needed
217 citations