Topic
Cost effectiveness
About: Cost effectiveness is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 69775 publications have been published within this topic receiving 1531477 citations.
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TL;DR: A cost-benefit analysis for an antiemetic therapy is established and patients associated a value with the avoidance of PONV and were willing to pay between US$56 and US$100 for a completely effectiveAntiemetic.
Abstract: Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) are unpleasant experiences. However, there is no drug that is completely effective in preventing PONV. Whereas cost effectiveness analyses rely on specific health outcomes (e.g., years of life saved), cost-benefit analyses assess the cost and benefit of medic
304 citations
TL;DR: Routine ultrasound in early pregnancy appears to enable better gestational age assessment, earlier detection of multiple pregnancies andEarlier detection of clinically unsuspected fetal malformation at a time when termination of pregnancy is possible, however, the benefits for other substantive outcomes are less clear.
Abstract: Background Advantages of early pregnancy ultrasound screening are considered to be more accurate calculation of gestational age, earlier identification of multiple pregnancies, and diagnosis of non-viable pregnancies and certain fetal malformations. Objective The objective of this review was to assess the use of routine (screening) ultrasound compared with the selective use of ultrasound in early pregnancy (i.e. before 24 weeks). Search strategy The Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group trials register and the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register (up to July 1998) were searched. Selection criteria Adequately controlled trials of routine ultrasound imaging in early pregnancy. Data collection and analysis One reviewer assessed trial quality and extracted data. Study authors were contacted for additional information. Main results Nine trials were included. The quality of the trials was generally good. Routine ultra- sound examination was associated with earlier detection of multiple pregnancies (twins undiag- nosed at 26 weeks, OR 0.08; 95% CI, 0.04 to 0.16) and reduced rates of induction of labour for post- term pregnancy (OR 0.61; 95% CI, 0.52 to 0.72). There were no differences detected for substantive clinical outcomes such as perinatal mortality (OR 0.86; 95% CI, 0.67 to 1.12). When detection of fetal abnormality was a specific aim of the exam- ination, the number of terminations of pregnancy for fetal anomaly increased. Reviewers’ conclusions Routine ultrasound in early pregnancy appears to enable better gestational age assessment, earlier detection of multiple pregnancies and earlier detection of clinically unsuspected fetal malformation at a time when termination of pregnancy is possible. However, the benefits for other substantive outcomes are less clear.
304 citations
TL;DR: Birth-cohort screening for HCV in primary care settings was cost-effective and was most sensitive to sustained viral response of antiviral treatment, the cost of therapy, the discount rate, and the QALY losses assigned to disease states.
Abstract: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is most prevalent among adults born from 1945 through 1965, and most of them are currently undiagnosed. Whether screening based on birth cohort is more cost-effect...
303 citations
TL;DR: The curve can be computed using parametric or non-parametric techniques and for both computational approaches the formal relation between the CE acceptability curve and statistical inference based on confidence intervals and P values in CE analysis is established.
Abstract: This paper discusses the definition, interpretation and computation of cost-effectiveness (CE) acceptability curves. A formal definition of the CE acceptability curve based on the net benefit approach is provided. The curve can be computed using parametric or non-parametric techniques and for both computational approaches we establish a formal relation between the CE acceptability curve and statistical inference based on confidence intervals and P values in CE analysis.
303 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the incremental cost-effectiveness of stepped collaborative care for patients with persistent depressive symptoms after usual primary care management was evaluated through a standardized telephone assessment 6-8 weeks after the initial prescription.
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: The authors evaluated the incremental cost-effectiveness of stepped collaborative care for patients with persistent depressive symptoms after usual primary care management. METHOD: Primary care patients initiating antidepressant treatment completed a standardized telephone assessment 6–8 weeks after the initial prescription. Those with persistent major depression or significant subthreshold depressive symptoms were randomly assigned to continued usual care or collaborative care. The collaborative care included systematic patient education, an initial visit with a consulting psychiatrist, 2–4 months of shared care by the psychiatrist and primary care physician, and monitoring of follow-up visits and adherence to medication regimen. Clinical outcomes were assessed through blinded telephone assessments at 1, 3, and 6 months. Health services utilization and costs were assessed through health plan claims and accounting data. RESULTS: Patients receiving collaborative care experienced a mean of 16.7 a...
303 citations