Showing papers on "Coturnix published in 1976"
TL;DR: It is suggested that the male quail is the neutral (anhormonal) sex with respect to behavioral sex differentiation, and that estrogen produced by female embryos results in female behavioral differentiation by eliminating the capacity for male sexual behavior.
78 citations
TL;DR: These results provide the first unequivocal evidence that short-term prenatal sensory stimulation can affect the development of an avian embryo.
Abstract: A single 2-hour exposure to auditory stimulation at any point during the final 3 days of incubation accelerates the hatching of Japanese quail. The 3-day sensitive period includes both prenatal and perinatal stages of incubation. So far as is known these results provide the first unequivocal evidence that short-term prenatal sensory stimulation can affect the development of an avian embryo.
60 citations
TL;DR: Observations suggest that under long days the hypothalamo-pituitary unit becomes progressively less sensitive to androgen feedback, which may be important physiologically since it allows the maintenance of gonadotrophin secretion during a period when the plasma testosterone level is increasing.
44 citations
TL;DR: Levels of lead which did not cause depressed growth rates, anemia, or any other overt signs of chronic plumbism caused a decrease in reproductive capacity in the females, which appeared to be related to impaired calcium metabolism.
43 citations
TL;DR: In this article, four different treatments of exposure to albino Japanese quail were compared on a number of measures to determine how a particular regimen of social experience might affect social behavior in sexually mature males.
Abstract: The present investigation has focused on the relationship of social experience during different developmental stages and subsequent mating behavior. Japanese quail Coturnix coturnix japonica were employed as subjects in that these avians become sexually mature as early as 42 days posthatch and they readily mate in an experimental apparatus. Four different treatments of exposure to albino Japanese quail were compared on a number of measures to determine how a particular regimen of social experience might affect social behavior in sexually mature males. The four experimental treatments were: First, exposure to normal age-mates only for either the first 5 or 20 days posthatch and then isolation from the 2ist day posthatch (NEX). Second, exposure to albino age-mates for the first 5 days posthatch and then isolation (SEX). Third, exposure to only albino age-mates during the first 20-25 days posthatch and then isolation (PEX). Fourth, exposure to albino age-mates from day 16 through day 25, and then isolation (LEX). The first measure obtained was the experimental virgin male's approach to a confined female in a simultaneous choice test between a normal and albino female. This measure proved to be an unreliable predictor of mate preference except in the case of the NEX group. Hence, except for those cases wherein subjects are reared with typical social objects can one expect that measures such as the approach response be related to more typical social interaction such as mating. The second observation was the mount preference for either the albino or normal female in a simultaneous choice test. Both the NEX and SEX groups selected normals 100% of the time. The PEX group selected albinos in all but one case. The LEX group was essentially equivocal with respect to a preference; 6 selected normal females and 4 selected albinos. This observation demonstrates that it is possible to establish the albino coturnix female as the preferred sexual object on the basis of a program of social experience. The data are discussed in terms of mechanisms that may serve to produce the observed differences among treatment groups. The final observation was whether or not coturnix males would mount albino females (within five minutes) when they were presented alone. This later observation served to differentiate the NEX and SEX groups and suggested that sexual responsiveness toward a particular social object may result from more than a single influence. Again, data from the albino test were discussed in terms of the mechanisms that were thought to be responsible for the observed differences among groups. An imprinting mechanism is thought to be responsible for the selection of albinos in the simultaneous choice test for both the PEX and LEX groups. The rationale for such a conclusion was based on the difference between the SEX and LEX groups in the number of subjects selecting an albino female in the simultaneous choice test. No members of the SEX (early exposure period) group mounted albinos in the simultaneous choice test, whereas 4 LEX's (later exposure period) mounted albinos in the simultaneous choice test. This difference was concluded to have resulted from social experience at a later ontogenetic stage rather than due to the increased duration of exposure in that the LEX group was exposed to normals for 15 days (a greater amount than the 10 day exposure treatment) and the SEX was not exposed to normals at all. A habituation-sensitization mechanism is thought to be responsible for the difference in mounting albino females in the albino test between the NEX group and the SEX and LEX groups. No NEX mounted an albino female, whereas all SEX and LEX males mounted albino females. This interpretation is based on the observation that avians generally manifest increased fear responsiveness toward newer objects after the first few days posthatch, and that experience with novel objects has been shown to reduce subsequent fear responsivity toward the experienced object. Further, it is assumed that in addition to the generalization of habituation from the earlier exposure to albinos there also was some generalization of sensitization to albinos as social objects. The coturnix appears to be a highly suitable species for the further study of those parameters effecting preferences for albinos in a simultaneous choice test.
38 citations
TL;DR: It is suggested that the mechanism of action of ochratoxin A is similar in the three species, though the potency differs, and that the reduction in weight gain of Leghorn survivors was proportional to dose, and was observed in two separate traials over an overall dosage range.
29 citations
TL;DR: The results suggest that the effects of photoperiod on sexual behaviour in this species are mediated largley, if not wholly, by the gonads and suggest exposure to short days and surgical gonadectomy are rather similar experimental procedures in the quail.
Abstract: The purpose of these experiments was to compare the behavioural and morphological effects of exogenous sex hormones in gonadectomized quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) with those in quail having regressed gonads as a result of exposure to short days. In Expt 1, male quail were assigned to one of three treatment groups: (1) intact, exposed to 16 h light: 8 h darkness and injected with oil (group 16L); (2) gonadectomized, exposed to 16 h light: 8 h darkness and injected with 2-5 mg testosterone propionate (TP)/day (group 16L-castrated); and (3) intact, exposed to 8 h light: 16 h darkness, and injected with 2-5 mg TP/day (group 8L). Groups 16L-castrated and 8L responded similarly to testosterone, copulating with equal frequency and rapidity after the same number of days of treatment, and also developing proctodeal (foam) glands of a similar size. Only on day 7 of testosterone treatment did the results for these two groups differ. By day 14, the behaviour of both groups resembled that of the 16L birds. In Expt 2 female quail were assigned to the same three treatment groups, except that the hormone treatment was 25 mug oestradiol benzoate/day. Group 8L became sexually receptive sooner than the 16L-ovariectomized quail, but by day 13 both groups had oviducts of similar size, were equally receptive, and were as receptive as the 16L females. The results suggest that the effects of photoperiod on sexual behaviour in this species are mediated largley, if not wholly , by the gonads. They also suggest exposure to short days and surgical gonadectomy are rather similar experimental procedures in the quail.
27 citations
TL;DR: Recovery following vitamin D depletion, as indicated by egg production and shell deposition, was faster in quail fed 1 alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol than in those fed cholecalcifierol.
Abstract: Two experiments were carried out with laying quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) fed either cholecalciferol (40 mug/kg) or 1 alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol (8 mug/kg). Recovery following vitamin D depletion, as indicated by egg production and shell deposition, was faster in quail fed 1 alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol than in those fed cholecalciferol. Overall intestinal calcium absorption was higher in the 1 alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol-fed quail due to a higher absorption in the middle parts of the small intestine. This was associated with corresponding differences in the concentration of calcium binding protein. Intestinal calcium absorption was markedly higher during periods of shell formation than during periods of uterine inactivity in quail fed either cholecalciferol or 1 alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol. It is suggested, therefore, that the mechanism responsible for this difference is independent of vitamin D hydroxylation in the kidney.
20 citations
TL;DR: Japanese quail (Coturnix c. japonica) were fed 0, 2, 4, 8, 16, and 32 p.p.m.
16 citations
TL;DR: In the embryonic Japanese quail ovary, transplanted on chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM), follicle cells are derived from somatic cells of the ovarian surface epithelium, which may be demonstrated on PAS stained sections, by following the transfer of carbon particles, initially applied on the surface epithellium.
Abstract: In the embryonic Japanese quail ovary, transplanted on chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM), follicle cells are derived from somatic cells of the ovarian surface epithelium. No evidence was found for a contribution of other cell groups of the quail ovary in the formation of follicle cells. This may be demonstrated on PAS stained sections, by following the transfer of carbon particles, initially applied on the surface epithelium.
16 citations
TL;DR: The data suggest that retinal oil droplets mediate intensity discrimination in the photopic range rather than the perception of variations in light wavelength, and indicate a uniform shift toward red preference in all subjects with history of carotenoid deprivation regardless of genetic background.
Abstract: The hypothesis that the pigmentation of retinal oil droplets is the morphological target of genetically induced change in the early color preferences of the Japanese quail (C. coturnix japonica) was examined and rejected. Subjects were drawn from the fourth generation of genetic selection for preferences between blue and red, and they were compared according to genetic lines of origin and the presence or absence of pigmentation in their retinal oil droplets. Pigmentation was manipulated by raising parents on carotenoid-free diet. Results indicate a uniform shift toward red preference in all subjects with history of carotenoid deprivation regardless of genetic background, and no change in the magnitude of differences between genetic lines. The data suggest that retinal oil droplets mediate intensity discrimination in the photopic range rather than the perception of variations in light wavelength.
TL;DR: Generally the actual gain was predicted more accurately in the females than in the males, and the selection program for large and small females and males, respectively, with greater response in the positive direction.
Abstract: Results of nine generations of individual selection for six-week large and small body weight of Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) are reported. The objectives of this study were three-fold: 1) To estimate genetic variation of body weight of Coturnix quail at six weeks; 2) To predict selection gains when selecting on an individual basis for large and small body weight; and 3) To conduct a selection program for large and small females and males, respectively, with greater response in the positive direction. Generally the actual gain was predicted more accurately in the females than in the males.
TL;DR: Intestinal calcium absorption measured with 91Y as a reference substance was higher in birds during formation of egg shell than in those with inactive uteri, and the possible role of CaBP in calcium translocation is discussed.
TL;DR: Japanese Quail embryos (Coturnix coturnIX japonica) were stimulated with 300 or 400 Hz tones from Day 12 to Day 15 of incubation and as neonates were tested in a simultaneous discrimination situation at three different ages for preferences for the embryo exposure tone.
TL;DR: The loss of responses in the 12-16 h treated birds may reflect high endogenous PTH levels with subsequent saturation of target organ receptors, which indicated an action of PTH either directly or indirectly on the avian oviduct limiting egg-shell calcification.
Abstract: The effect of parathyroid hormone (PTH) on egg-shell calcification has been investigated in egg-laying Japanese quail. Lilly parathyroid extract (PTE) when injected into quail within 2-6 h of oviposition caused a significantly increased deposition of a chronic 45Ca label into the sequential egg-shell compared with the previous egg in the clutch, indicating increased mobilization of bone Ca and its subsequent incorporation into the egg-shell. At the same time egg-shell weight/unit area and egg-shell Ca/unit area were significantly decreased. Parathyroid extract injected 12-16 after oviposition had none of these effects. Purified PTH also caused a significant decrease in egg-shell weight/unit area if injected within 2-6 h of oviposition. This result indicated an action of PTH either directly or indirectly on the avian oviduct limiting egg-shell calcification. The loss of responses in the 12-16 h treated birds may reflect high endogenous PTH levels with subsequent saturation of target organ receptors.
TL;DR: The characteristic fine structure and the high Na-KATPase content of the quail nasal gland suggest that it is a salt gland, which roadrunners were previously known to possess but quail were not.
Abstract: The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether or not the nasal glands of the roadrunner and the Coturnix quail show cytological specializations for salt secretion. In addition, the Na-K ATPase content of the quail gland was determined before and after drinking of saline solutions, in an effort to evaluate the functional status of the gland. The ability to maintain weight while drinking salt water was also measured as a general index of tolerance to saline conditions. The ultrastructure of the nasal glands of the roadrunner injected with salt and of quail drinking 200 mM NaCl was similar to that of salt glands in reptiles and the fresh-water acclimated duck. Numerous lateral cell evaginations and abundant mitochondria were present in the principal cell types. There was a significant increase in quail nasal gland Na-K ATPase when young birds were offered only saline solutions to drink. The ability of Coturnix quail to maintain weight while drinking saline solutions improves with age and at adulthood is comparable to that of some North American desert quail. Roadrunners were previously known to possess functional salt glands whereas quail were not. However the characteristic fine structure and the high Na-KATPase content of the quail nasal gland suggest that it is a salt gland.
TL;DR: The results suggest that NAT is regulated primarily by photoperiodicity, while HIOMT activity is a consequence of the external perceptive environment and the internal hormonal milieu, with both enzymic activities modulated by the feedback inhibitory influence of endogenous melatonin.
Abstract: The photoperiodic and hormonal regulation of melatonin-synthesizing enzymes was determined in pineals of Coturnix quail. N-Acetyl transferase (NAT) and hydroxyindole-O-methyl transferase (HIOMT) were twofold higher in pineals of female and male Coturnix quail during exposure to darkness (16L:8D). Castration decreased pineal HIOMT activity in both female and male Coturnix, while selective gonadal steroids restored activity. NAT was not affected by castration or gonadal steroids. Implantation of melatonin into female Coturnix decreased both HIOMT and NAT activities. These results suggest that NAT is regulated primarily by photoperiodicity, while HIOMT activity is a consequence of the external perceptive environment and the internal hormonal milieu, with both enzymic activities modulated by the feedback inhibitory influence of endogenous melatonin.
TL;DR: It is suggested that coturnix may be more resistant to vanadium toxicity than chickens, as it did not cause any significant change in the production, egg weight or egg ypok cholesterol content.
TL;DR: There was a linear relationship between concentration of magnesium in the tibia and the log of the concentration of dietary magnesium, which suggests that tibia magnesium concentration might be useful for bioassay ofnesium in foodstuffs.
TL;DR: E egg shell thickness, cracked eggs, egg production, feed consumption, egg weights, fertility, hatchability and body weights were not affected by dieldrin treatments but were adversely affected by the lower calcium level.
TL;DR: Testicular growth differed among groups depending on the number of photoperiods received, and the most effective light treatment was the 4(LD3:3) and least effective was 1(LD12:12).
TL;DR: Die kraftige Reaktion von Enzymen oxydativer Energiegewinnung and von Adenosintriphosphatase deutet auf eine Rolle bei der Ernahrung der gespeicherten Spermien sowie bei Austauschvorgangen zwischen Epithel and dem Inhalt der Drusenlumina hin.
TL;DR: Early light regimens in coturnix are important in establishing persistency of egg production performances as adults, and rearing on short-days, blinding and fluorescent light each contributed to persistency in adults.
TL;DR: There was an increase in the amount of pesticide excreted with increasing treatment levels during the first 48 hours following intubation, after which pesticide levels in the fecal material for all groups approached zero.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The experimental realization of chemerical embryos (Martin's13 technic) permits a quantitative appreciation of the modalities of the colonization of quail gonads by chick germ cells as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The experimental realization of chemerical embryos (Martin's13 technic) permits a quantitative appreciation of the modalities of the colonization of quail gonads by chick germ cells. Results clearly show that nature and origin of the somatic part of the gonad areas settle the characters of the genital ridges populating, and specially the specific index of asymmetry expressed by the percentage of PGC colonizing the right gonad.
TL;DR: Feeding quail chicks diets containing soybeans fermented with two cultures of Aspergilli resulted in significantly superior weight gains through a 4-week growth period and confirmed previous observations made with identical cultures in broiler studies.
TL;DR: No differences could be detected between the electrophoretic mobility of the mutant hemoglobin of chickens and quails, suggesting that parallel mutations have occurred in the two species.
TL;DR: After association on chorioallantoic membrane of an embryonic bird testis with pigmented peritoneum from a Japanese quail embryo, numerous melanocytes penetrate in its interstitial tissue.
Abstract: After association on chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of an embryonic bird testis with pigmented peritoneum from a Japanese quail embryo, numerous melanocytes penetrate in its interstitial tissue. If, instead of a testis, an ovary is transplanted under similar conditions, then the melanocytes may be found in the medulla or between the secondary sex cords at the rim of the ovary.