Showing papers on "Coturnix published in 2013"
TL;DR: The results highlight the ease of spread of this group of H9N2 viruses between domesticated poultry and sparrows and show that sparrow’s need to be considered as a high risk species for transmitting H8N3 viruses between premises.
Abstract: Genetic changes in avian influenza viruses influence their infectivity, virulence and transmission. Recently we identified a novel genotype of H9N2 viruses in widespread circulation in poultry in Pakistan that contained polymerases (PB2, PB1 and PA) and non-structural (NS) gene segments identical to highly pathogenic H7N3 viruses. Here, we investigated the potential of these viruses to cause disease and assessed the transmission capability of the virus within and between poultry and wild terrestrial avian species. Groups of broilers, layers, jungle fowl, quail, sparrows or crows were infected with a representative strain (A/chicken/UDL-01/08) of this H9N2 virus and then mixed with naive birds of the same breed or species, or different species to examine transmission. With the exception of crows, all directly inoculated and contact birds showed clinical signs, varying in severity with quail showing the most pronounced clinical signs. Virus shedding was detected in all infected birds, with quail showing the greatest levels of virus secretion, but only very low levels of virus were found in directly infected crow samples. Efficient virus intra-species transmission was observed within each group with the exception of crows in which no evidence of transmission was seen. Interspecies transmission was examined between chickens and sparrows and vice versa and efficient transmission was seen in either direction. These results highlight the ease of spread of this group of H9N2 viruses between domesticated poultry and sparrows and show that sparrows need to be considered as a high risk species for transmitting H9N2 viruses between premises.
74 citations
TL;DR: These similarities demonstrate that the GFP quail, as well as other transgenic quail lines, can serve as an attractive avian model system, with the advantage of being able to build on the wealth of information already available from the chicken.
Abstract: Research performed on transgenic animals has led to numerous advances in biological research. However, using traditional retroviral methods to generate transgenic avian research models has proved problematic. As a result, experiments aimed at genetic manipulations on birds have remained difficult for this popular research tool. Recently, lentiviral methods have allowed the production of transgenic birds, including a transgenic Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) line showing neuronal specificity and stable expression of enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) across generations (termed here GFP quail). To test whether the GFP quail may serve as a viable alternative to the popular chicken model system, with the additional benefit of genetic manipulation, we compared the development, organization, structure, and function of a specific neuronal circuit in chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) with that of the GFP quail. This study focuses on a well-defined avian brain region, the principal nuclei of the sound localization circuit in the auditory brainstem, nucleus magnocellularis (NM), and nucleus laminaris (NL). Our results demonstrate that structural and functional properties of NM and NL neurons in the GFP quail, as well as their dynamic properties in response to changes in the environment, are nearly identical to those in chickens. These similarities demonstrate that the GFP quail, as well as other transgenic quail lines, can serve as an attractive avian model system, with the advantage of being able to build on the wealth of information already available from the chicken.
32 citations
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that European quail may play a major role in AI epidemiology, highlighting the need to further understand its putative role as an intermediate host for avian/mammalian reassortant viruses.
Abstract: European quail (Coturnix c. coturnix) may share with Japanese quail (Coturnix c. japonica) its potential as an intermediate host and reservoir of avian influenza viruses (AIV). To elucidate this question, European quail were experimentally challenged with two highly pathogenic AIV (HPAIV) (H7N1/HP and H5N1/HP) and one low pathogenic AIV (LPAIV) (H7N2/LP). Contact animals were also used to assess the viral transmission among birds. Severe neurological signs and mortality rates of 67% (H7N1/HP) and 92% (H5N1/HP) were observed. Although histopathological findings were present in both HPAIV-infected groups, H5N1/HP-quail displayed a broader viral antigen distribution and extent of microscopic lesions. Neither clinical nor pathological involvement was observed in LPAIV-infected quail. Consistent long-term viral shedding and effective transmission to naive quail was demonstrated for the three studied AIV. Drinking water arose as a possible transmission route and feathers as a potential origin of HPAIV dissemination. The present study demonstrates that European quail may play a major role in AI epidemiology, highlighting the need to further understand its putative role as an intermediate host for avian/mammalian reassortant viruses.
30 citations
TL;DR: Long-term effects of prenatal stress is evaluated by analysing reproductive traits of Japanese quail females and, then, the development of their subsequent (F2) offspring, suggesting trans-generational transmission of prenatal Stress effects, probably mediated by egg compositions of F1PS females.
Abstract: The prenatal environment is a source of phenotypic variability influencing the animal's characteristics. Prenatal stress affects not only the development of offspring, but also that of the following generation. Such effects have been best documented in mammals but can also be observed in birds, suggesting common processes across phylogenetic orders. We found previously that Japanese quail females stressed during laying produced offspring with higher fearfulness, probably related to modulation of testosterone levels in their eggs. Here, we evaluated long-term effects of prenatal stress by analysing reproductive traits of these F1 offspring and, then, the development of their subsequent (F2) offspring. The sexual behaviour of F1 prenatally stressed (F1PS) males was impaired. F1PS females' eggs contained less yolk and more albumen, and higher yolk testosterone and progesterone levels than did F1 prenatal control females. The fearfulness of F2 prenatally stressed quail was greater than that of F2 prenatal control quail. These F2 behavioural differences paralleled those evidenced by their parents, suggesting trans-generational transmission of prenatal stress effects, probably mediated by egg compositions of F1PS females.
25 citations
TL;DR: The hypothesis that quail may ensure the perpetuation of H9N2 viruses in poultry, acting as a silent reservoir is reinforced, as transmission was detected in both species.
20 citations
TL;DR: The inflammatory marker profile in quail infected with aspergillosis in this study differs from that seen in mammals, and from the pattern of inflammatory markers seen in birds with bacterial infections.
Abstract: Aspergillosis is a common infection in avian species, but can be a challenge to diagnose. Infl ammatory markers have been successfully used in mammals for diagnostic and monitoring purposes of various diseases. The aim of this study was to identify infl ammatory markers that could aid in the diagnosis of aspergillosis in an avian species. Fiveweek-old Japanese quail were infected experimentally with Aspergillus fumigatus , and infl ammatory markers were measured in plasma. In addition, lung tissues were cultured to quantify the fungal burden. Infected quail had higher plasma levels of ceruloplasmin, unsaturated iron-binding capacity (UIBC), iron, and total iron-binding capacity (TIBC), and lower levels of haptoglobin, compared with uninfected controls. There were positive linear relationships between A. fumigatus colony-forming units cultured from the lungs of infected quail, and levels of ceruloplasmin, UIBC, and TIBC. Quail that died prior to the end of the experiment (day 10 post-infection) had higher ceruloplasmin, UIBC, and TIBC, and lower haptoglobin levels than infected quail that survived. The infl ammatory marker profi le in quail infected with aspergillosis in this study differs from that seen in mammals, and from the pattern of infl ammatory markers seen in birds with bacterial infections. Infl ammatory markers could prove useful for diagnosing aspergillosis in birds, and for monitoring disease progression in infected avian species.
20 citations
TL;DR: Based on DNA sequences for the 3′-untranslated region and the gene encoding the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, this avian coronaviruses in quail is an IB virus–like gammacoronavirus.
Abstract: SUMMARY An Avian coronavirus was detected in pools of lungs, tracheas, female reproductive tracts, kidneys, and enteric contents from quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) and laying hen flocks, with and without infectious bronchitis (IB)–like signs, cohoused in farms located in two states of southeastern Brazil during 2009–2010. Although Avian metapneumovirus subtype B was found in two layers samples, Newcastle disease virus was not found in quail or in hens. Based on DNA sequences for the 3′-untranslated region and the gene encoding the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, this avian coronaviruses in quail is an IB virus–like gammacoronavirus.
17 citations
TL;DR: Cryopreservation of PGCs would be a feasible strategy for the conservation of both male and female fertility cells in Japanese quail, but the effects of freeze-thaw treatment on viability, migration ability and germline transmission ability still remain unclear.
Abstract: The Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) is a valuable bird as both an experimental animal, for a wide range of scientific disciplines, and an agricultural animal, for the production of eggs and meat. Cryopreservation of PGCs would be a feasible strategy for the conservation of both male and female fertility cells in Japanese quail. However, the effects of freeze-thaw treatment on viability, migration ability and germline transmission ability of quail PGCs still remain unclear. In the present study, male and female PGCs were isolated from the blood of 2-day-old embryos, which were cooled by slow freezing and then cryopreserved at -196 C for 77-185 days, respectively. The average recovery rate of PGCs after freeze-thawing was 47.0%. The viability of PGCs in the frozen group was significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.05) (85.5% vs. 95.1%). Both fresh and Frozen-thawed PGCs that were intravascularly transplanted into recipient embryos migrated toward and were incorporated into recipient gonads, although the number of PGCs settled in the gonads was 48.5% lower in the frozen group than in the unfrozen control group (P<0.05). Genetic cross analysis revealed that one female and two male recipients produced live progeny derived from the frozen-thawed PGCs. The frequency of donor-derived offspring was slightly lower than that of unfrozen controls, but the difference was not significant (4.0 vs. 14.0%). These results revealed that freeze-thaw treatment causes a decrease in viability, migration ability and germline transmission ability of PGCs in quail.
16 citations
TL;DR: This paper presents a meta-modelling study of the response of the immune system to x-ray diffraction during the course of treatment with chemotherapy and its applications in the context of wound healing.
Abstract: [Morinha F., Carvalho M., Ferro A., Guedes-Pinto H., Rodrigues R. and Bastos E. 2011 Molecular sexing and analysis of CHD1-Z and CHD1-W sequence variations in wild common quail (Coturnix c. coturnix) and domesticated Japanese quail (Coturnix c. japonica). J. Genet.90, e39-e43. Online only: http://www.ias.ac.in/jgenet/OnlineResources/90/e39.pdf ]
14 citations
TL;DR: This is the first study to suggest that it is feasible to rescue adult germ stem cells of deceased birds to prolong the reproductive lifespan of critically endangered species or genetically valuable individuals by transferring them to an embryonic chicken host.
Abstract: As advanced reproductive technologies have become routine for domesticated species, they have begun to be applied in the field of endangered species conservation. For avian conservation, the most promising technology is the transfer of germ stem cells of exotic species to domestic hosts for the production of gametes. In this study, adult quail (model for exotic species) spermatogonial stem cells were xenogeneically transferred to stages 14–17 chicken host embryos. Fluorescent cellular dyes, quail-specific antibodies, and quail-specific quantitative PCR confirmed donor cell migration to and colonization of the host gonadal ridge. Donor-derived cells were observed by fluorescent microscopy in the caudal area as early as 2 h after injection, in the gonadal ridge at 4 h after injection, as well as in the gonads of stages 35–38 host embryos. Four of eight donor-derived cell flow cytometry-positive host gonads were confirmed by quantitative PCR using quail-specific primers. There was no statistically significant effect of host stage of injection, host gonad isolation stage, or host sex on the number of hosts positive for donor cells or the percent of donor-derived cells per positive gonad. Donor-derived cells isolated from stages 35–38 host gonads costained with the germ stem cell marker SSEA-1, indicating that the donor-derived cells have maintained stem cell-ness. This is the first study to suggest that it is feasible to rescue adult germ stem cells of deceased birds to prolong the reproductive lifespan of critically endangered species or genetically valuable individuals by transferring them to an embryonic chicken host.
13 citations
TL;DR: Large numbers of new cells thus arise around puberty in the caudal preoptic area and presumably contribute to the reorganization of this structure that precedes the emergence of adult reproductive behaviors.
TL;DR: Results indicate the vaccines to be effective in increasing both humoral and cellular immune responses in vaccinated birds and may find utility as tools to protect and maintain domestic and wild avian populations.
Abstract: West Nile Virus (WNV) arrived in North America in 1999 and is now endemic. Many families of birds, especially corvids, are highly susceptible to WNV and infection often results in fatality. Avian species susceptible to WNV infection also include endangered species, such as the Greater Sage-Grouse (Centrocercus uropbasianuts) and the Eastern Loggerhead Shrike (Lanius ludovicianus migrans). The virus has been shown to contribute towards the likelihood of their extinction. Although a clear and present threat, there exists no avian WNV vaccine available to combat this lethal menace. As a first step in establishing an avian model for testing candidate WNV vaccines, avian antibody based reagents were assessed for cross-reactivity with Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) T cell markers CD4 and CD8; the most reactive were found to be the anti-duck CD8 antibody, clone Du-CD8-1, and the anti-chicken/turkey CD4 antibody, clone CT4. These reagents were then used to assess vaccine performance as well as to establish T cell populations in quail, with a novel population of CD4/CD8 double positive T cells being identified in Japanese quail. Concurrently, non-replicating recombinant adenoviruses, expressing either the WNV envelope or NS3 ‘genes’ were constructed and assessed for effectiveness as avian vaccines. Japanese Quail were selected for testing the vaccines, as they provide an avian model that parallels the population diversity of bird species in the wild. Both the level of WNV specific antibodies and the number of T cells in vaccinated birds were increased compared to unvaccinated controls. The results indicate the vaccines to be effective in increasing both humoral and cellular immune responses. These recombinant vaccines therefore may find utility as tools to protect and maintain domestic and wild avian populations. Their implementation may also arrest the progression towards extinction of endangered avian species and reduce the viral reservoir that potentiates infection in humans.
TL;DR: It is suggested that sensitivity among species is chemical-specific and provides data that could be used to refine current avian sensitivity models used in ecological risk assessments.
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to assess the toxicological effects of two munition compounds, 4-amino-2,6-dinitrotoluene (4A-DNT) and 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX), on three different bird species: two common toxicological model species-the Northern Bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) and the Japanese Quail (Coturnix japonica), and a representative passerine-the Zebra Finch (Taeniopygia guttata). Bobwhite were exposed to 4A-DNT at 0, 8, 15, 30, 60, or 150 mg/kg body weight (bw) d by oral gavage for seven days; because the high dose of 4A-DNT was lethal to bobwhite, the maximum dose was changed to 100 mg/kg bw d for Japanese quail and finches to ensure tissue could be used for future toxicogenomic work. RDX was similarly administered at 0, 0.5, 1.5, 3, 6, or 12 mg/kg bw d. Blood was drawn prior to euthanasia for blood cellularity and chemistry analyses. Finches were clearly least affected by 4A-DNT as evidenced by a lack of observable effects. Bobwhite appeared to be the most sensitive species to 4A-DNT as observed through changes in blood cellularity and plasma chemistry effects. Bobwhite appeared to be more sensitive to RDX than Japanese Quail due to increased effects on measures of plasma chemistries. Finches exhibited the greatest sensitivity to RDX through increased mortality and seizure activity. This study suggests that sensitivity among species is chemical-specific and provides data that could be used to refine current avian sensitivity models used in ecological risk assessments.
TL;DR: The use of a coelomic fat patch to cover the site of ventriculotomy did not result in an improved healing process and its use is not recommended in quail.
Abstract: Removal of foreign bodies from the ventriculus in birds may necessitate ventriculotomy. Complications with this intervention include leakage and adhesion formation. To investigate if the use of a coelomic fat patch and a tension-relieving suture in addition to a simple interrupted pattern would improve the healing process after ventriculotomy, 2 groups of 9 Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) underwent ventriculotomy. In group 1, only simple-interrupted and tension-relieving sutures were used for closure of the ventriculotomy. In group 2, a coelomic fat patch from the surrounding adipose tissue was applied to the incision site in addition to the sutures. All quail recovered normally and were considered clinically healthy after surgery. Three birds from each group were euthanatized at days 7, 14, and 21 after surgery. On histologic examination, the suture techniques used for closure of the ventriculotomy led to minimal inflammation of the surrounding tissues in both groups. Serosal inflammation was significantly greater in group 2 birds that had the adipose patch at closure compared with group 1 birds. Therefore, the use of a coelomic fat patch to cover the site of ventriculotomy did not result in an improved healing process and its use is not recommended in quail.
TL;DR: The pharmacokinetics of diniconazole enantiomers in quail were investigated by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and it was found that diniconzole was metabolized to 1, 2, 4-triazole and 1, 3-dichlorobenzen in all samples of quail.
TL;DR: The results emphasize the existence of a selective IgY transport system recognizing the Cυ3 domain of IgY, which raises the possibility that an IgY with high transport ability might be engineered by genetic manipulation.
TL;DR: The new species Menacanthus palmai collected from Coturnix coromandelica (Gmelin), in Rampur district (UP), India, is described and illustrated and differs in having long pointed ventral processes on the postero-medial angles of the second to fifth pleurites.
Abstract: The new species Menacanthus palmai collected from Coturnix coromandelica (Gmelin), in Rampur district (UP), India, is described and illustrated. Morphologically the new species is close to M. abdominalis from Coturnix coturnix but differs in having long pointed ventral processes on the postero-medial angles of the second to fifth pleurites. Furthermore, these two species also differ in the number of tergal and sternal abdominal setae, and the morphology of the male genitalia. Another species, Menacanthus pallipes from C. chinensis, does not have ventral processes on the postero-medial angles of pleurites.
TL;DR: Different abilities of mothers to deposit T in their eggs over two reproductive seasons with expected consequences on the development of their progeny are demonstrated.
Abstract: Maternally-derived yolk androgens exhibit distinct among- and within-female variations but limited data refer to inter-seasonal changes of maternal hormones in the yolk. We investigated the deposition of yolk testosterone (T) across two laying cycles in Japanese quail. To test how genetically-determined differences influence between cycle variations in yolk androgens we compared females from low (LET) and high (HET) egg T lines at the end of the first and at the beginning of the second laying cycle after an induced moult. Line differences in yolk T levels exhibited high consistency exceeding two reproductive cycles. Yolk T concentrations increased in the second laying cycle in HET but not in LET females. Plasma T levels did not differ between cycles in both lines and no line differences were found either before or after the moult indicating the presence of mechanisms limiting the increase of T concentrations in the circulation. Differences in the yolk T levels were not accompanied by changes in the egg and yolk mass. The HET quail laid eggs with heavier eggshell than the LET quail. Our results demonstrate different abilities of mothers to deposit T in their eggs over two reproductive seasons with expected consequences on the development of their progeny.
01 Jan 2013
TL;DR: Using tissue explantation and cryopreservation biotechniques, a quail embryonic fibroblast primary cell line was successfully developed, which succeeded not only in preserving the genetic resources of quail cells, but it also established a new protocol to preserve cell of avian breeds.
Abstract: Using tissue explantation and cryopreservation biotechniques, a quail embryonic fibroblast primary cell line was successfully developed, which performed by using 20 quail embryo samples and a stock of 25 cryovials, each one containing 3.0×10 6 cells. Most of the cells were apparently fibroblasts in their morphology, and the population doubling time (PDT) was about 48 h. The cells were tested for microbial contamination and found free of infections from bacteria, fungi, viruses and mycoplasms. The total chromosome number of a diploid cell was 78 According to karyotyping and chromosome analysis. All the tests showed that the quality of the cell line conforms to the quality criteria of the ATCC (American type culture collection).This work succeeded not only in preserving the genetic resources of quail cells, but it also established a new protocol to preserve cell of avian breeds.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Results of studying spinal marrow histogenesis in age varying Japanese quail embryos and chicklings whose embryonic development took place in microgravity are presented, showing multiform marrow changes in space chicklings were a nervous cells reaction to the functional state of organism in the micro-g environment.
Abstract: Results of studying spinal marrow histogenesis in age varying Japanese quail embryos and chicklings whose embryonic development took place in microgravity are presented. Histological comparison of spinal cords showed retardation of morphogenetic development, lumber spine especially, in the group of flight embryos manifested as incomplete proliferative activity during migration processes and nervous cell differentiation. Like on earth, in space microgravity chicklings also hatched on day 17 of embryogenesis. Multiform marrow changes in space chicklings were a nervous cells reaction to the functional state of organism in the micro-g environment.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The distributive curve of the somatostatin secreting cells in the digestive tract of Chinese Yellow Quail was decreasing from the anterior to the posterior intestines, and proventriculus was the highest distributive part.
Abstract: 【Objective】 This experiment aimed at studying the distribution and morphology of somatostatin secreting cells in digestive tract of Chinese Yellow Quail(Coturnix aponica).【Method】 Tissue materials were collected from esophagus,ingluvies,proventriculus,gizzard,duodenum,Jejunum,ileum,caecum and colorectum.The streptavidin-biotin-peroxidase complex(SABC)immunohistochemical method was used for position identification of somatostatin secreting cells.【Result】 Results showed that somatostatin secreting cells were found in proventriculus and small intestines rather than esophagus,ingluvies,gizzard and caecum.The highest distributive part was proventriculus,followed by duodenum.Jejunum,ileum and colorectum had much lower numbers.However,results of statistical analysis showed that there were no significantly difference(P0.05)among the various parts of intestines while intestines and proventriculus had significantly difference(P0.05).Somatostatin secreting cells were mainly round,oval,triangular pyramidal and fusiform.Many of them could be found between the cells of proventriculus leaves,in the crypt of intestines and between the epithelial cells.Besides,there was no significant difference(P0.05)in the numbers of somatostatin secreting cells between the same parts of female and male,and their shapes were quite the same.【Conclusion】 The distributive curve of the somatostatin secreting cells in the digestive tract of Chinese Yellow Quail was decreasing from the anterior to the posterior intestines.Proventriculus was the highest distributive part.Round,oval,triangular pyramidal and fusiform were the main shapes of Somatostatin secreting cells,which may be relevant to the function of each part in digestive tract.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Inulin is one of the prebiotics that has been under further studies as mentioned in this paper, and it is not recommended for weight gaining of quail but further investigations are needed from immunity point of view.
Abstract: Inulin is one of the prebiotics that has been under further studies. Inulin is a non-sugar and polysaccharide herbal
carbohydrate containing soluble fiber. In this study, 20 male Coturnix quail were selected. Then the quail were
divided into two groups of 10 quail. Water and sugar solution of 5% was applied for feeding on the first day. From
the second day, the control group was fed with basal diet and the treatment group was fed with basal diet plus 1%
inulin. After 19 days, feeding was cut in 20th day and blood sampling was taken on the 21st day from control and
test groups. After sampling the body was weighed. In this study sodium review was performed using ISE method,
magnesium using XilidiBlue method, phosphor using U.V. method, calcium using CPC method, potassium using ISE
and ALP(Alkaline Phosphatase) using Kinetik method. The results of the sodium, phosphorus, calcium, potassium
and ALP in serum did not show any significant differences between treatment groups and control groups also there
was no significant difference between weights of body, liver and gizzard considering the control group and the
treatment group with 1% inulin. According to the present study, 1% inulin dietary consumption does not have any
pathological effects on average ALP, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium and phosphorus and no significant
differences was observed in the levels of these factors between control and treatment groups. Consumption of 1%
inulin is not recommended for weight gaining of quail but further investigations are needed from immunity point of
view.
01 Jan 2013
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The analysis of genetic tree showed that the relationship of coturnix and chicken IFN-Beta had high homology, and the results suggested the homology of cOTurnix IFn-Beta gene and chicken.
Abstract: One pair of primers were designed according to chicken and meleagris gallopavo IFN-beta sequences published inGenBank.And the primerswere used to amplify coturnix IFN-beta cDNAbyRT-PCRfromspleen of coturnix. The product was cloned into pEasy-T1 vector. Sequence was comparied with NCBI.We successfully got the coturnix INF-beta partial sequence. Sequence was subtyped and put up homologous analysis. The results suggested the homology of coturnix IFN-Beta gene and chicken and were 88.7%, 72.5% with platyrhynchos, 71.5% with meleagris gallopavo compared the nucleotide sequence in GenBank. The analysis of genetic tree showed that the relationship of coturnix and chicken IFN-Beta had high homology.