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Coturnix
About: Coturnix is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 953 publications have been published within this topic receiving 23305 citations.
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TL;DR: Investigations of Japanese quail show that long‐day‐induced type 2 deiodinase (Dio2) expression in the mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH) plays an important role in the photoperiodic gonadal regulation by catalyzing the conversion of the prohormone thyroxine to bioactive 3,5,3′‐triiodothyronine (T3).
Abstract: In most organisms living in temperate zones, reproduction is under photoperiodic control. Although photoperiodic time measurement has been studied in organisms ranging from plants to vertebrates, the underlying molecular mechanism is not well understood. The Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) represents an excellent model to study this problem because of the rapid and dramatic photoperiodic response of its hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. Recent investigations of Japanese quail show that long-day-induced type 2 deiodinase (Dio2) expression in the mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH) plays an important role in the photoperiodic gonadal regulation by catalyzing the conversion of the prohormone thyroxine (T(4)) to bioactive 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3). The T3 content in the MBH is approximately 10-fold higher under long than short days and conditions, and the intracerebroventricular infusion of T3 under short days and conditions mimics the photoperiodic gonadal response. While Dio2 generates active T3 from T4 by outer ring deiodination, type 3 deiodinase (Dio3) catalyzes the conversion of both T3 and T4 into inactive forms by inner ring deiodination. In contrast to Dio2 expression, Dio3 expression in the MBH is suppressed under the long-day condition. Photoperiodic changes in the expression of both genes during the photoinduction process occur before the changes in the level of luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion, suggesting that the reciprocal changes in Dio2 and Dio3 expression act as gene switches of the photoperiodic molecular cascade to trigger induction of LH secretion.
20 citations
TL;DR: The inflammatory marker profile in quail infected with aspergillosis in this study differs from that seen in mammals, and from the pattern of inflammatory markers seen in birds with bacterial infections.
Abstract: Aspergillosis is a common infection in avian species, but can be a challenge to diagnose. Infl ammatory markers have been successfully used in mammals for diagnostic and monitoring purposes of various diseases. The aim of this study was to identify infl ammatory markers that could aid in the diagnosis of aspergillosis in an avian species. Fiveweek-old Japanese quail were infected experimentally with Aspergillus fumigatus , and infl ammatory markers were measured in plasma. In addition, lung tissues were cultured to quantify the fungal burden. Infected quail had higher plasma levels of ceruloplasmin, unsaturated iron-binding capacity (UIBC), iron, and total iron-binding capacity (TIBC), and lower levels of haptoglobin, compared with uninfected controls. There were positive linear relationships between A. fumigatus colony-forming units cultured from the lungs of infected quail, and levels of ceruloplasmin, UIBC, and TIBC. Quail that died prior to the end of the experiment (day 10 post-infection) had higher ceruloplasmin, UIBC, and TIBC, and lower haptoglobin levels than infected quail that survived. The infl ammatory marker profi le in quail infected with aspergillosis in this study differs from that seen in mammals, and from the pattern of infl ammatory markers seen in birds with bacterial infections. Infl ammatory markers could prove useful for diagnosing aspergillosis in birds, and for monitoring disease progression in infected avian species.
20 citations
TL;DR: The trajectory of retinal projections and the location of retinorecipient nuclei in the quail brain was examined after application of horseradish peroxidase either to the cut end of the optic nerve or following intraocular injection of HRP.
Abstract: The trajectory of retinal projections and the location of retinorecipient nuclei in the quail brain was examined after application of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) either to the cut end of the optic nerve or following intraocular injection of HRP. Retinal projections to the hypothalamus, dorsalateral anterior thalamus (rostralateral part, magnocellular part, and lateral part), lateral anterior thalamus, lateroventral geniculate nucleus, lateral geniculate intercalated nuclei (rostral and caudal parts), ventrolateral thalamus, superficial synencephalic nucleus, external nucleus, tectal gray, diffuse pretectal area, pretectal optic area, ectomammillary nucleus, and optic tectum were revealed. Retinal projections observed in quail were compared with results obtained in other avian species and considered in relation to possible anatomic pathways underlying photoperiodism and circadian rhythms.
20 citations
TL;DR: When eighty families were exposed by contact to CR64 strain of acute Marek's disease virus (M.D.V.), IS families exhibited no lesions while all of the offspring in 3 families were affected.
20 citations