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Coulomb barrier
About: Coulomb barrier is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 3586 publications have been published within this topic receiving 54739 citations.
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TL;DR: In this paper, an exact and physically transparent method permitting the evaluation of the Coulomb potential by direct summation over the r−1 Coulomb pair potential is presented based on a recent result showing that the net Coulomb energy in condensed ionic systems is rather short ranged.
Abstract: Based on a recent result showing that the net Coulomb potential in condensed ionic systems is rather short ranged, an exact and physically transparent method permitting the evaluation of the Coulomb potential by direct summation over the r−1 Coulomb pair potential is presented. The key observation is that the problems encountered in determining the Coulomb energy by pairwise, spherically truncated r−1 summation are a direct consequence of the fact that the system summed over is practically never neutral. A simple method is developed that achieves charge neutralization wherever the r−1 pair potential is truncated. This enables the extraction of the Coulomb energy, forces, and stresses from a spherically truncated, usually charged environment in a manner that is independent of the grouping of the pair terms. The close connection of our approach with the Ewald method is demonstrated and exploited, providing an efficient method for the simulation of even highly disordered ionic systems by direct, pairwise r−1...
852 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the Coulomb gas model and its connection to vortex fluctuations for a two-dimensional superfluid are discussed and the relation to an equivalent sine-Gordon field theory is given.
Abstract: The article reviews the two-dimensional Coulomb gas model and its connection to vortex fluctuations for a two-dimensional superfluid. The neutral and non-neutral versions of the Coulomb gas are discussed and the relation to an equivalent sine-Gordon field theory is given. The charge-unbinding picture is used to elucidate some essential properties of the Coulomb gas. Derivations of approximate renormalization equations are sketched and the phase transition for the neutral two-dimensional Coulomb gas is described. The Kosterlitz renormalization-group equations are reviewed in some detail. The vortex-Coulomb gas charge analogy is carefully explained. The connections between experiments for $^{4}\mathrm{He}$ films and superconducting films and the neutral and non-neutral versions of the Coulomb gas are outlined using concepts like the universal jump and the Coulomb gas scaling relations. The properties of a dynamical version of the Coulomb gas, corresponding to vortex dynamics, are discussed and related to experiments. An analogy with Maxwell's equations in two dimensions is also given.
656 citations
TL;DR: It is shown that the onset of collective behaviour such as Coulomb screening and plasmon scattering exhibits a distinct time delay of the order of the inverse plasma frequency, that is, several 10-14 seconds after ultrafast excitation of an electron–hole plasma in GaAs.
Abstract: Electrostatic coupling between particles is important in many microscopic phenomena found in nature. The interaction between two isolated point charges is described by the bare Coulomb potential, but in many-body systems this interaction is modified as a result of the collective response of the screening cloud surrounding each charge carrier. One such system involves ultrafast interactions between quasi-free electrons in semiconductors-which are central to high-speed and future quantum electronic devices. The femtosecond kinetics of nonequilibrium Coulomb systems has been calculated using static and dynamical screening models that assume the instantaneous formation of interparticle correlations. However, some quantum kinetic theories suggest that a regime of unscreened bare Coulomb collisions might exist on ultrashort timescales. Here we monitor directly the temporal evolution of the charge-charge interactions after ultrafast excitation of an electron-hole plasma in GaAs. We show that the onset of collective behaviour such as Coulomb screening and plasmon scattering exhibits a distinct time delay of the order of the inverse plasma frequency, that is, several 10(-14) seconds.
551 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the conditions for solidification in a laboratory plasma are discussed and conditions for the formation of a coulomb lattice are given for small particles in plasmas.
Abstract: Small particles in plasmas can form a coulomb lattice. The conditions for solidification in a laboratory plasma are discussed.
517 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the Coulomb forces convert an isolated sN, Nd armchair carbon nanotube into a strongly renormalized Luttinger liquid at high temperatures, and anomalous temperature dependences for the interaction and impurity contributions to the resistivity, and similar power-law depends for the local tunneling density of states.
Abstract: We argue that long-range Coulomb forces convert an isolated sN, Nd armchair carbon nanotube into a strongly renormalized Luttinger liquid At high temperatures, we find anomalous temperature dependences for the interaction and impurity contributions to the resistivity, and similar power-law dependences for the local tunneling density of states At low temperatures, the nanotube exhibits spin-charge separation, visible as an extra energy scale in the discrete tunneling density of states (for which we give an analytic form), signaling a departure from the orthodox theory of Coulomb blockade [S0031-9007(97)04651-6]
457 citations