Topic
Countercurrent exchange
About: Countercurrent exchange is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2255 publications have been published within this topic receiving 28687 citations. The topic is also known as: Countercurrent exchange.
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TL;DR: In this paper, a design of inserting in parallel an impermeable sheet to divide an open conduit into two subchannels for conducting double-pass laminar countercurrent operations under uniform heat fluxes, resulting in substantially improved the heat transfer rate, has been designed and investigated theoretically by using an eigenfunction expansion in terms of power series for the homogeneous part and an asymptotic solution for the non-homogeneous part.
15 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the recycle effects on membrane extraction through a parallel-plate module with concurrent-flow first and then countercurrent flow, has been studied, and theoretical predictions are in agreement with the experimental results.
15 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a phase transition extraction (PTE) column is proposed, where the mixing and settling sections are replaced by heating and cooling sections, and the countercurrent feed and solvent streams passing those sections are heated and cooled across their coexistence curve.
15 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, flooding data for aqueous two-phase systems containing PEG 4000 and Na 2 SO 4 at various concentrations in a countercurrently operated sieve-plate column in the absence of solutes is presented.
Abstract: The hydraulic capacity of countercurrent liquid-liquid extractors is constrained by its flooding characteristics. This study presents flooding data for aqueous two-phase systems containing PEG 4000 and Na 2 SO 4 at various concentrations in a countercurrently operated sieve-plate column in the absence of solutes. Flooding limits, average droplet sizes and dispersed phase hold-ups at flooding conditions were measured as well as densities, interfacial tensions and viscosities. A correlation proposed by Richardson and Zaki (Trans IChemE 32:35-53 (1954)) was used successfully for the description of the slip velocities and thus maximum column throughputs.
15 citations
TL;DR: A straightforward approach is formulated in terms of an exchange coordinate, in order to determine an upper bound of species exchange in chemical reaction systems, subject to the second law of thermodynamics and conservation of mass.
Abstract: Countercurrent reactors can be utilized in chemical reaction systems which involve either a reaction between flows of different phases, or reactions between flows separated by a selective permeable membrane. This idea is quite similar in nature to a countercurrent heat exchanger, where the inlet of one participating flow is exposed to the outlet of the opposite flow. A countercurrent configuration can therefore improve the reaction conversion extent and transport properties. Here we formulate a straightforward approach in terms of an exchange coordinate, in order to determine an upper bound of species exchange in such systems, subject to the second law of thermodynamics and conservation of mass. The methodology is independent of the specifics of reactor design and can be generally applied to determine the maximum thermodynamic benefit of using a countercurrent reactor. We then demonstrate the analysis for a number of thermochemical fuel production routes; membrane thermolysis of carbon dioxide, dry methane reforming across a membrane, reverse water gas shift across a membrane, and the thermochemical ceria cycle.
15 citations