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Countercurrent exchange

About: Countercurrent exchange is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2255 publications have been published within this topic receiving 28687 citations. The topic is also known as: Countercurrent exchange.


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Patent
10 Jan 1980
TL;DR: In this article, a heat source is led into a heat storage vessel using a heat transfer medium, and a flow countercurrent to this stream is connected to the user, allowing energy to be stored or released irrespective of whether the sum is stirring or not.
Abstract: Heat from a heat source is led into a heat storage vessel using a heat transfer medium. Flowing countercurrent to this stream is a second heat transfer medium connected to the user. If the supply of heat balances the rate of use, no heat is accumulated in the store. If the supply exceeds the use, then heat begins to be stored. Similarly if the supply is less than the rate of use, heat is removed from the store. Used with solar energy systems. Arrangement allows energy to be stored or released irrespective of whether the sum is stirring or not.

10 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Simulated countercurrent chromatography is a continuous flow method for separation of binary mixtures or for separating of multicomponent mixtures into two fractions as discussed by the authors, where the number of columns and the location of the inlet and outlet ports were varied to investigate product purity and productivity.
Abstract: Simulated countercurrent chromatography is a continuous flow method for separation of binary mixtures or for separation of multicomponent mixtures into two fractions. Countercurrent flow is simulated by moving the feed point past several fixed adsorbent beds at a rate between the single column breakthrough time of each component. The number of columns and the location of the inlet and outlet port were varied to investigate product purity and productivity. Concentration profiles of the effluent product streams were measured. The maximum product concentration exceeds the feed concentration during part of the feed-switching cycle and drops to zero during part of the cycle. Three configurations were tested with the total number of columns varying between three and eight. For the test separation chosen, gaseous propylene and dimethyl ether on Chromosorb 101, high purity (> 99%) product streams were obtained with an optimal four-column configuration using three desorbent streams.

10 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a method for the numerical simulation of separation of multicomponent gaseous mixtures across membranes is developed, where the governing differential equations for the plug flow geometries (crossflow, cocurrent flow, and countercurrent flow) can be reduced to a single general equation.
Abstract: A method for the numerical simulation of separation of multicomponent gaseous mixtures across membranes is developed. It is shown that the governing differential equations for the plug flow geometries (crossflow, cocurrent flow, and countercurrent flow) are identical in form and can be reduced to a single general equation. The only difference lies in the manner the mole fraction of each component on the permeate side depends on its feed side composition at each point along the membrane. There are three important dimensionless factors, the pressure ratio, the permeabilities relative to that of the most permeable component, and either the stage cut or the dimensionless area, which describe the operation of the permeation unit. The method is equally amenable to cases for which the area is known and for which the stage cut is known. The separation of a binary mixture of N2 and O2 in all four flow geometries and of a mixture of H2, CH4, CO, and CO2 in full mixing are simulated by the methods of the pr...

10 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the performance of a first-order reversible or irreversible reaction in an isothermal three-phase isothermal reactor is analyzed in terms of dimensionless groups of pertinent mass transfer, kinetic, and equilibrium properties, and the gas and liquid flow rates.
Abstract: Three-phase reactors involving a solid catalyst are normally used for production of product or removal of impurity. Equations are presented for these two measures of reactor performance for a first-order, reversible or irreversible reaction in an isothermal reactor. The results are presented in terms of dimensionless groups of the pertinent mass transfer, kinetic, and equilibrium (solubility) properties, and the gas and liquid flow rates. From the equations given, it is possible to predict the relative performance of concurrent (trickle bed) and countercurrent flow reactors and also the effect of mixing in the gas or liquid streams on performance.

10 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
202358
2022115
202127
202041
201947
201849