Topic
Countercurrent exchange
About: Countercurrent exchange is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2255 publications have been published within this topic receiving 28687 citations. The topic is also known as: Countercurrent exchange.
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
More filters
Patent•
03 Jul 2013
TL;DR: In this article, an anti-countercurrent detection method was proposed to detect whether a countercurrent happens or not by calculating of time difference between a voltage zero crossing point and a current zero crossing points of a power grid access point, detection speed is high, the countercurrent can be detected in 1-5 periods, so that adjustment speed is accelerated, the occurrence that a grid device is protected through outage, time is won for flexible adjustment, and the probability of forced outrage on a grid power source is reduced.
Abstract: The invention particularly relates to a countercurrent detection method, an anti-countercurrent control device and an anti-countercurrent system. Whether a countercurrent happens or not is detected by calculating of time difference between a voltage zero crossing point and a current zero crossing point of a power grid access point, detection speed is high, the countercurrent can be detected in 1-5 periods, so that adjustment speed is accelerated, the occurrence that a power grid device is protected through outage, time is won for flexible adjustment, and the probability of forced outrage on a grid power source is reduced.
7 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the use of multibipolar electrode cells in a squared-off cascade is shown theoretically to be capable to efficient tritium separation using bipolar electrolysis combined with electrolyte flow countercurrent.
Abstract: Separation of hydrogen isotopes has been successfully demonstrated using bipolar electrolysis combined with electrolyte flow countercurrent to the transport of hydrogen isotope species. Use of multibipolar electrode cells in a squared-off cascade is shown theoretically to be capable to efficient tritium separation. Experimental operation of multibipolar cells and analysis of their operation by McCabe-Thiele techniques is described.
7 citations
TL;DR: In this article, complete condensation of nonazeotropic binary mixtures of R11-R113 refrigerants is experimentally studied, and the axial distribution of the local heat transfer coefficients is derived to correlate condensation heat transfer performance.
Abstract: Complete condensation of nonazeotropic binary mixtures of R11-R113 refrigerants is experimentally studied. The test apparatus consists of two concentric horizontal tubes, with the vapor mixture flowing in the inner tube and the cooling water in the annular space in the countercurrent direction. The composition and the mass flow rate of the binary-component mixture are systematically varied. Through the measurement of the local temperature of the wall, the cooling water and the vapor along the tube axis, the axial distribution of the local heat transfer coefficients are obtained. An empirical equation is derived to correlate condensation heat transfer performance.
7 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a discrete contact mode was proposed to facilitate experimental studies on countercurrent reactors, where two phases were countercurrently contacted in a discrete manner, so that equilibrium was reached in each stage, and sets of three and five shake flasks served to mimic equilibrium stages in the countercurrent setup.
Abstract: To facilitate experimental studies on countercurrent reactors, a discrete contacting mode was worked out experimentally and theoretically. Enzymatic hydrolysis of penicillin G to phenylacetic acid and 6-aminopenicillanic acid was carried out in biphasic aqueous organic systems without pH control. The two phases were countercurrently contacted in a discrete manner, so that equilibrium was reached in each stage. Sets of three and five shake flasks served to mimic equilibrium stages in the countercurrent setup. It was shown that discrete countercurrent contact leads to the same extent of improvement of the equilibrium conversion as continuous countercurrent contact does, when compared to the batch situation. Therefore, discrete experiments may be used to simplify the development of continuous countercurrent reactors.
7 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of the gas and liquid flow rates on the mass transfer rate in laminar gas streams in wetted-wall columns with countercurrent gas-liquid flow was studied.
Abstract: The effect of the gas and liquid flow rates on the mass transfer rate in laminar gas streams in wetted-wall columns with countercurrent gas-liquid flow was studied. An approximate analytical solution was obtained for the average gas-phase Sherwood number as a function of the gas-phase Graetz number and the dimensionless interfacial gas velocity. Experiments were carried out on the absorption of ammonia into aqueous sulfuric acid solution and of methanol vapor into water, using two columns of different lengths. The agreement between the experimental and the predicted effects of both gas and liquid flow rates on the gas-phase mass transfer rate was found to be fairly good.
7 citations