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Countercurrent exchange

About: Countercurrent exchange is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2255 publications have been published within this topic receiving 28687 citations. The topic is also known as: Countercurrent exchange.


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Patent
14 Aug 2013
TL;DR: In this paper, a countercurrent high-pressure-injection emulsion breaker filling device was proposed to solve the emulsion breaking problem in crude oil emulsion, where the mixing is non-uniform and drastic turbulent flow can ensure that the mixture is uniformly mixed with crude oil.
Abstract: The invention relates to a countercurrent high-pressure-injection emulsion breaker filling device. The countercurrent high-pressure-injection emulsion breaker filling device comprises a storage tank (1), a feeding port (2), an air outlet hole (3), a measuring pump (4), a filling pipe (5) and a main pipeline (7). The countercurrent high-pressure-injection emulsion breaker filling device is simple in structure, reasonable in design and convenient to operate. When an emulsion breaker is filled in a countercurrent high-pressure injection way, the defects that the emulsion breaking time is short and the mixing is non-uniform can be overcome, and the emulsion breaking effect can be improved; and drastic turbulent flow can ensure that the emulsion breaker is uniformly mixed with crude oil emulsion, so that the emulsion breaker can rapidly reach an oil-water interface, and the stability of the emulsion can be broken.

3 citations

01 Mar 1994
TL;DR: In this article, a numerical model of the thermal behavior of an extremity, e.g., finger, is presented, which includes the effects of heat conduction, metabolic heat generation, heat transport by blood perfusion, heat exchange between the tissue and the large blood vessels, and arterio-venous heat exchange.
Abstract: : A numerical model of the thermal behavior of an extremity, e.g., finger, is presented. The model includes the effects of: (a) heat conduction (b) metabolic heat generation, (c) heat transport by blood perfusion, (d) heat exchange between the tissue and the large blood vessels, and, (e) arterio-venous heat exchange. Heat exchange with the environment through a layer of thermal insulation, depicted by thermal handwear is also considered. The tissue is subdivided into four concentric layers. The layers described, from the center outward, as core, muscle, fat and skin. Differential heat balance equations are formulated for the tissue and the major artery and the major vein. These coupled equations are solved numerically by the alternating direction method employing a Thomas algorithm. The numerical scheme was tested extensively for stability and convergence. Results of the convergence tests are presented and discussed and the dependence on the number of grid points is demonstrated. Plots of tissue and blood temperatures along selected nodes of the model are shown for different combinations of parameters. The effect of counter-current heat exchange between the artery and the vein on the thermal balance of the extremity is presented. This shows clearly the conservation of energy achieved due to this mechanism. The report is concluded by considering the effects of cold induced vasodilation on tissue temperature cycling. Numerical model, Physiological model, Extremity model, Countercurrent, Heat exchange, Blood profusion, Heat conduction, Cold induced vasodilation, Heat balance, Alternating direction method, Thomas algorithm, Thermal insulation, Cold.

3 citations

Patent
30 Mar 1982
TL;DR: In this paper, heat is recovered from a hot particulate solid by passing the solid through a heat recovery zone having a countercurrent flow of gas and internal means for controlling backmixing and residence times, said internal means also containing a circulating heat transfer fluid.
Abstract: Heat is recovered from a hot particulate solid by passing the solid through a heat recovery zone having a countercurrent flow of gas and internal means for controlling backmixing and residence times, said internal means also containing a circulating heat transfer fluid.

3 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
202358
2022115
202127
202041
201947
201849