Topic
Countercurrent exchange
About: Countercurrent exchange is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2255 publications have been published within this topic receiving 28687 citations. The topic is also known as: Countercurrent exchange.
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TL;DR: In this article, a novel reactor design which simulates countercurrent reaction chromatography is described, which allows high conversions in both equilibrium limited and low per-pass conversion reactions, with yields twice that in conventional reactors.
24 citations
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TL;DR: A simple staged model for the protein foam fractionation process is proposed, built on the conventional theoretical stage concept considering upward bubbles with entrained liquid and downward liquid (drainage) as counter-current flows.
Abstract: A simple staged model for the protein foam fractionation process is proposed in this article. This simplified model does not detail the complex foam structure and gas-liquid hydrodynamics in the foam phase but, rather, is built on the conventional theoretical stage concept considering upward bubbles with entrained liquid and downward liquid (drainage) as countercurrent flows. To simulate the protein concentration distribution in the liquid along the column by the model, the bubble size and liquid hold-up with respect to the position must be known, as well as the adsorption isotherm of the protein being considered. The model is evaluated for one stage by data from the semibatch foam fractionation of egg albumin and data from the continuous foam fractionation of bovine serum albumin. The effect of two significant variables (superficial gas velocity and feed protein concentration) on enrichment is well predicted by the model, especially for continuous operation and semibatch operation when initial concentration is high.
24 citations
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24 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of solid loading ratio, particle size and their interactions on heat transfer rate, temperature profile and thermal effectiveness of gas have been studied and shown that higher heat recovery can be achieved for large particles at high solid loading ratios, while it can also be achieved with a wide range of solid load ratios for small particles.
24 citations
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TL;DR: Using mathematical models, the effects of blood flow, permeability, and anatomical arrangement of microvessels on the steady‐state distribution of solute in the blood and the interstitial fluid (ISF) are explored.
Abstract: Objective: As a first step in modeling microvascular exchange in the renal medulla, we developed mathematical models to explore the effects of blood flow, permeability, and anatomical arrangement of microvessels on the steady-state distribution of solute in the blood and the interstitial fluid (ISF).Methods: Single capillaries and countercurrent capillary loops were used to model microvessels that were surrounded by a secretory epithelium over either the whole or part of the capillary length. Solute concentration in the vessels and the ISF were derived analytically. We also derived approximate solutions that ignored axial diffusion of solute.Results: The full and approximate solutions were in good agreement with data based on measurements in the renal medulla. Model results revealed that concentration in the ISF falls rapidly with distance beyond the region of solute secretion and equilibrates with the concentration in capillaries, even with countercurrent exchange between the two limbs of the capillary l...
24 citations