Countercurrent exchange

About: Countercurrent exchange is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2255 publications have been published within this topic receiving 28687 citations. The topic is also known as: Countercurrent exchange.

Continuous and Discrete Phase Behavior in Countercurrent Spray Drying Process

Abstract: The behavior of continuous and discrete phases in countercurrent spray drying process is described in the article. Literature and our own experimental results on spray drying in the countercurrent system are presented and the mechanism of moisture evaporation and hydrodynamics of the discrete phase are discussed. Negative values of particle velocity were found in the drying chamber, which confirmed the existence of recirculation zones where agglomeration of particles took place. An increase of mean particle size with the distance from the nozzle caused by agglomeration in recirculation zones in the column was also observed. High sensitivity of the discrete-phase flow pattern to small changes in drying and atomization parameters and the nozzle position in the dryer was found. Analysis of the results proved that due to complicated hydrodynamics of the continuous and disperse phases, a narrow range of stable operating parameters, and significant changes in final product properties at slight changes of drying...

Modelling of Absorption Process in a Column with Diffused Flow Structure in Liquid Phase

Abstract: In this study, physical and mathematical model of the absorber with countercurrent flow of dispersed gas phase was proposed. The model considered ideal displacement regime and uniform liquid phase with the diffusion flow structure. The calculation algorithm was proposed. The technological and geometrical parameters of absorbers were compared with considered in the study flow structures as well as with flow structures of ideal displacement for both phases. The calculation algorithm for the phases is described in previous studies. The variation observed between the absorber flow structure and ideal displacement requires the increase in the column packing height.

Gas refrigeration method and apparatus

Abstract: A method of liquefying a permanent gas stream, includes the steps of reducing the temperature of the permanent gas stream at elevated pressure to below its critical pressure and performing at least two working fluid cycles to provide at least part of the refrigeration necessary to reduce the temperature of the permanent gas to below its critical temperature. Each working fluid cycle comprises work-expanding the cooled working fluid in countercurrent heat exchange with the permanent gas stream and with the working fluid being cooled, refrigeration thereby being provided for the permanent gas stream. In at least one working fluid cycle, work-expanded working fluid is brought into countercurrent heat exchange relationship with the permanent gas stream at a temperature below the critical temperature of the permanent gas and in the or each such cycle on completion of the work expansion the working fluid is at a pressure of at least 10 atmospheres.