Topic
Countercurrent exchange
About: Countercurrent exchange is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2255 publications have been published within this topic receiving 28687 citations. The topic is also known as: Countercurrent exchange.
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TL;DR: In this article, a column countercurrent to a stream of air is used for the separation of binary liquid mixtures by a method which is fundamentally the same as extractive distillation but uses a finely divided solid as a carrier for the nonvolatile solvent.
21 citations
TL;DR: Two continuous processes for the fractionation of citrus oil by supercritical carbon dioxide (SCCO2) have been developed to obtain the highly concentrated product of flavor; (1) countercurrent extraction process, (2) pressure swing adsorption process as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Two continuous processes for the fractionation of citrus oil by supercritical carbon dioxide (SCCO2) have been developed to obtain the highly concentrated product of flavor; (1) countercurrent extraction process, (2) pressure swing adsorption process. In the countercurrent process, effects of pressure and solvent-to-feed ratio (S/F ratio) on the separation selectivity were investigated at a temperature of 333 K. The selectivity was improved with the increase in the S/F ratio. The HETS was calculated from the phase equilibria estimated by PR equation of state for a model mixture and the measured HETS decreased from 4 to 0.2 m with increase in the S/F ratio. In the pressure swing adsorption process, a cyclic adsorption and desorption process in SCCO2 was developed with silica gel adsorbent at a temperature of 313 K. Highly concentrated fraction of flavor was continuously obtained at the desorption step and blowdown step.
21 citations
TL;DR: The results indicate that only the single-channel countercurrent unit is efficient enough to meet the established requirements, and the apparent thermal clearance provides a useful and rigorous means for comparing and evaluating blood-warming devices.
21 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a high aspect ratio membrane reactor was evaluated in terms of extraction efficiency in co- and countercurrent flow using two different membrane types (Teflon ® and polycarbonate).
21 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the performance of a pressurized moving bed on hot coal-gas desulfurization was analyzed for the countercurrent and cocurrent configurations, and the results showed that the length of the transference zone, and then the reactor length necessary for full desulfURization, was highly dependent on the particle size and the solids velocity.
Abstract: The performance of a pressurized moving bed on hot coal-gas desulfurization was analyzed for the countercurrent and cocurrent configurations. The behavior of several calcium-based sorbents, two limestones, and a dolomite was determined at temperatures in the range of 1073−1273 K and a pressure of 1 MPa. The limestones were used only under calcining conditions, whereas the dolomite was used under both calcining and noncalcining conditions. The desulfurization level and sorbent conversion, as well as the longitudinal H2S concentration profiles in the transference zone, were determined as a function of the main design and operating variables, including the Ca/S molar ratio, the bed height, the type of flow configuration (countercurrent or cocurrent), the temperature, the H2S concentration, and the particle size. The length of the transference zone, and then the reactor length necessary for full desulfurization, was highly dependent on the particle size and the solids velocity. In both countercurrent and cocu...
21 citations