Topic
Countercurrent exchange
About: Countercurrent exchange is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2255 publications have been published within this topic receiving 28687 citations. The topic is also known as: Countercurrent exchange.
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23 Dec 1981TL;DR: In this paper, a method of recovering the head of hot water or a hot aqueous solution whose temperature is higher than the ambient temperature but lower than 200 DEG C was proposed.
Abstract: A method of recovering the head of hot water or a hot aqueous solution whose temperature is higher than the ambient temperature but lower than 200 DEG C, wherein air or a non-condensing gas is brought into direct countercurrent contact with the hot water or hot aqueous solution to provide a heated gas mixture of water vapor and air or non-condensing gas, and the heat is recovered in the form of the sensible heat of the resulting heated gas mixture and the latent heat of the water vapor in said mixture is disclosed.
17 citations
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12 Aug 1957
TL;DR: In this paper, a closed cycle consisting of a compressor 14, a cooler 15, the heat exchangers A, A 1, A 11, an expansion valve 16 and heat exchanger 12, 11 through which flow the air to be cooled prior to rectification in the column 13 and cold waste nitrogen therefrom is used.
Abstract: 804,944. Cold separation of air. BRITISH OXYGEN CO. Ltd. Aug. 6, 1957 [Aug. 7, 1956], No. 24181/56. Class 8(2). In a low temperature air rectification process for the production of at least one liquid constituent e.g. liquid oxygen, part of the cold requirement is met by the evaporation of liquid methane. In operation liquid methane is vapourized in heat exchangers A, A 1 , A 11 traversed by a countercurrent flow of inert gas e.g. argon performing a closed cycle comprising a compressor 14, a cooler 15, the heat exchangers A, A 1 , A 11 , an expansion valve 16 and heat exchangers 12, 11 through which flow the air to be cooled prior to rectification in the column 13 and cold waste nitrogen therefrom. The amount of argon liquified in the vaporizer is controlled by a valved by-pass 17. In a modification nitrogen is used as the inert gas and in a further modification a mixture of nitrogen and argon is used.
17 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the hydrodynamic characteristics of countercurrent two-phase flow in vertical and inclined channels were investigated using air and water at room temperature (25 to 27° C) and water immersion.
Abstract: Hydrodynamic characteristics of countercurrent two-phase flow in vertical and inclined channels are investigated. Experiments are performed using air and water at room temperature (25 to 27° C) and...
17 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the effect of capillary heterogeneity, induced by variation in permeability, on the steady state, countercurrent, vapor-liquid flow in porous media is analyzed and it is shown that the heterogeneity acts as a body force, that may enhance or diminish gravity effects on heat pipes.
17 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the mass transfer resistances due to the tube-side fluid, the hollow fiber wall (membrane), and the shell side fluid were determined for runs in which the solvent was held stagnant on the shell-side.
Abstract: Liquid-liquid extraction operations were conducted in a hollow fiber mass transfer device using two systems: phenol/water vs. n-octanol and phenol/hexane vs. water. Individual mass transfer resistances due to the tube-side fluid, the hollow fiber wall (membrane), and the shell-side fluid were determined for runs in which the solvent was held stagnant on the shell-side. Countercurrent flow runs with moving solvent were conducted to show that the degree of extraction rises steadily as the solvent-to-raffinate ratio increases. Factors affecting the mass transfer resistances in this type of device are discussed, and the advantages of hollow fiber units over conventional mixer-settler units are pointed out.
17 citations