Topic
Crack closure
About: Crack closure is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 28157 publications have been published within this topic receiving 588158 citations.
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TL;DR: In this article, the contribution of viscoelastic deformations of the rubber in front of the propagating crack tip to the crack propagation energy is studied, and it is shown that the contribution to the energy of crack propagation in rubber-like materials comes from the visco-elastic deformation of the surface of the crack.
Abstract: Crack propagation in rubber-like materials is of great practical importance but still not well understood We study the contribution to the crack propagation energy (per unit area) G from the viscoelastic deformations of the rubber in front of the propagating crack tip We show that G takes the standard form G(v,T) = G0[1+f(v,T)] where G0 is associated with the (complex) bond-breaking processes at the crack tip while f(v,T) is determined by the viscoelastic energy dissipation in front of the crack tip As applications, we discuss the role of crack propagation for adhesion, rolling resistance and sliding friction for smooth surfaces, and for rubber wear
219 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the normal and shear stresses transmitted across a crack due to aggregate interlock to the opening and slip displacements are derived, and the response of cracked concrete reinforced by a regular net of bars is then calculated using an incremental loading procedure.
Abstract: Equations derived are which relate the normal and shear stresses transmitted across a crack due to aggregate interlock to the opening and slip displacements. Average strains due to a system of parallel continuous cracks are superimposed on the strains due to the solid concrete between the cracks. The response of cracked concrete reinforced by a regular net of bars is then calculated using an incremental loading procedure. The stress-displacement relations exhibit a singularity at the initial state of zero displacements and the initial crack opening must begin at zero slip. Responses to various types of loading are calculated and the variation of the secant friction coefficient, crack dilatancy due to slip and the effect of crack opening are studied. The theory allows designing for a maximum crack width if the crack spacing is known. The previously proposed slip-free concept yields limit loads which are found to correspond to the states just before the start of a rapid increase in crack opening, while the classical frictional approach yields limit loads that are achieved only after very wide cracks develop.
218 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a simple three-dimensional fracture-mechanical model has been developed to describe the initiation and growth of a fatigue crack emanating from a pit and in predicting the dependence of reduction of fatigue life on pit size.
218 citations
TL;DR: In this article, an effective computational method, based on an interaction integral, was introduced to evaluate elastic T -stress along three-dimensional crack fronts. But this method is limited to the case of edge-cracked and surface-flawed plates.
217 citations
TL;DR: The major evidence bearing upon sub-critical flaw growth in structural materials is reviewed and discussed in this paper, focusing on the growth of pre-existing flaws at operating stresses less than the net section yield strength, from both the separate and combined effects of fatigue and aggressive environments.
217 citations