Showing papers on "Credibility published in 1972"
TL;DR: In this article, the credibility of the rationales and procedural descriptions of two therapy, three placebo, and one component-control procedure frequently used in analogue outcome research was evaluated, and the results indicated that the control conditions were, in general, less credible than the therapy conditions.
1,417 citations
TL;DR: The authors investigated the factor structure of source credibility within the context of three situations in which communication typically occurs and found that different types of communication in the same situation yield different source credibility factor structures.
Abstract: This study investigated the factor structure of source credibility within the context of three situations in which communication typically occurs. The study tested the hypothesis that the situation in which the speaker communicates will influence the receiver's perception of the dimensions underlying the credibility of that speaker. The results indicated that the factor structure of source credibility across situations was variant. The scales used to measure the factors of trustworthiness and expertness may reflect more than one perceptual element for the receiver. The study indicated further that different types of communication in the same situation yield different source credibility factor structures.
91 citations
TL;DR: This article used recordings of a speech delivered by the same speaker in two styles (conversational and dynamic) and found that vocalic cues induced different credibility perceptions and, interacting with initial credibility structured through an introduction of the speaker, affected the message's persuasive effect.
Abstract: Previous studies demonstrated that credibility is inferred from vocalic communication. These studies, however, may not be generalizable and have not shown vocal cues to affect persuasion. The present study utilized recordings of a speech delivered by the same speaker in two styles (conversational and dynamic). Controlling for verbal style (opinionated language), vocalic cues induced different credibility perceptions and, interacting with initial credibility structured through an introduction of the speaker, affected the message's persuasive effect.
52 citations
TL;DR: This paper presented the factor analytic results from two investigations of the multi-dimensional source credibility concept and found evidence of concept-scale interaction between credibility factors and credibility inductions for sources similar and different to the target audience.
Abstract: This study presents the factor analytic results from two investigations of the multi‐dimensional source credibility concept. In one investigation 280 subjects read hypothetical credibility inductions for sources “similar” and “dissimilar” to the target audience and then responded to a semantic differential instrument designed to tap traditional credibility factors. A second sample of 580 subjects responded to the semantic differential instrument as applied to “real” sources. The results of both factor analyses provided evidence of concept‐scale interaction. Factor structures will be determined by the type of information or the various sources which serve as stimuli in the communication process.
47 citations
01 Dec 1972
TL;DR: In this paper, six groups of subjects were asked to respond to public figures on the ccales and the results indicated that the factor structure for source credibility for public figures varies from one subject to clother.
Abstract: U.S DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION & WELFARE OFFICE OF EDUCATION THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN REPRO, DUCED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED FROM THE PERSON OR ORGANIZATION ORIGINATING IT POINTS OF VIEW OR OPIN IONS STATED DO NOT NECESSARILY REPRESENT OFFICIAL OFFICE OF EDU CATION POSITION OR POLICY 'PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS COPY RIGHTED MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY Cynthia Todd TO ERIC AND ORGP NIZATIONS OPERATING UNDER AGREEMEPTS WITH THE US OFFICE OF EDUCATION F.IRTHER REPRODUCTION OUTSIDE THE ERIC SYSTEM REQUIRES PER MISSION OF THE COPYRIGHT OWNER This paner reports a portion of a series of in.q. 7,tigations designed to determine generalizability of source credibility se.4. s across various types of sources and various types of subjects. Semantic ifferential-scales that have Leen found to load on factors of source credibiJty in previous investigations were combined to provide an item pool for this f;tuuy. Six groups of subjects were asked to respond to public figures on the ccales. Sub.:acts included a random sample of adults in Bloomington-ormal, Illinois, a random sample of adults in Peoria, Illinois, college students in basic communication and speech classes at Illinois State University, the University of Southern California, Hampton Institute, and Nihon University in Tokyo, Japan. Results of the investigation indicate that the factor structure for source credibility for public figures varies from one subject to clother. The implications of this variability for reseas or :f.,,Irce creel)ility are discussed and suggestions are provided for researchers concerned with this variable. Paper presented at Speech Communication Association Convention Chicago, Illinois December, 1972
42 citations
37 citations
01 Dec 1972
TL;DR: Prior attitude intensity involvement and saliency, along with prior source competence, sociability, composure, extroversion, and character can be used as predictors of recall, of perception of the source's attitude, and of perceptions of the attitude revealed in the message as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Prior attitude intensity involvement and salience, along with prior source competence, sociability, composure, extroversion, and character can be used as predictors of recall, of perception of the source's attitude, and of perception of the attitude revealed in the message. The relationship of prior attitudes and credibility to comprehension and selective exposure are the products of the kind of research methodology practiced. There is a relationship between sociability and recall and between composure and perception of attitudes. In addition, the conditions under whicn test individuals are exposed to messages affect the amount of variance that may be predicted in differing types of comprehension. (CH) THE RELATIONSHIP OF ATTITUDE AND CRFDIBILITY TO COMPREHENSION Lawrence R. Wheeless West Virginia University
31 citations
29 citations
24 citations
21 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the relationship between educational level of students and the degree to which they will endorse various sources of information concerning drug problems and concluded that there are certain critical periods in the development of the human organism that coincide with several of these critical periods.
Abstract: There are certain critical periods in the development of the human organism. The years of schooling coincide with several of these critical periods. One of the psycho-educational implications of these critical periods is the degree to which students will believe their source of information and indeed to what source they will turn for information and help. This empirical study has examined by chi-square procedures, the relationship between educational level of students, and the degree to which they will endorse various sources of information concerning drug problems.
01 Jun 1972
TL;DR: The principal concern in this investigation is with "how one says it," with the techniques people use to enhance the credibility of their communicative acts.
Abstract: presentation? Does the suspiciousness of the audience affect modes of enhancement? Sixty-four subjects, (half qualified and half unqualified), went through two job interview situations-one supportive, the other suspicious. The honest and dishonest subjects differed in their use of credibility enhancement, the honest performers using more exemplification. The groups also reacted differently to suspiciousness of the interviewer; honest performers using more tactics in the supportive interview, and dishonest using more in the suspicious interview. Finally, those techniques used by the qualified subjects were more substantially related to the perceived credibility of their performance. Everyday communication involves much more than the mere exchange of information. Also exchanged is information about that information. Our lines of action are carefully articulated so that their communicative content is embellished, crucial material is set off, unwarranted interpretations are made improbable, specific impressions about the person conveying information are fostered, and, more generally, the confidence of the audience in the validity of the information being transmitted is heightened. In other words, "It's not only what you say but how you say it." Our principal concern in this investigation is with "how one says it," with the techniques people use to enhance the credibility of their communicative acts. Starting with several broad strategies of credibility enhancement, we investigate conditions affecting their frequency of occurrence. More specifically, how does the validity of the information and the suspiciousness of the audience to which it is being communicated affect the kind and amount of credibility
TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that the effect of how the message recipient views his own credibility on a topic in relation to his perception of the message source's credibility, and the subsequent influence on the subsequent attitude modification has received little attention.
Abstract: One rather consistent finding in communication research has been that message sources perceived to be credible (i.e., trustworthy and qualified) are more influential in changing message recipients’ attitudes than are sources perceived to be lower in credibility.’ However, the question of how the message recipient views his own credibility on a topic in relation to his perception of the message source’s credibility, and the subsequent influence on the process of attitude modification has received little attention. It seems plausible to suggest that the consequences of a persuasive communication would, at least in part, be infiuenced by the receiver’s perception of how qualified he feels himself to be on the topic being discussed by the communicator. If he perceives that he, as a communciation recipient, is as qualified on the topic as the source of the message (i.e., his credibility is equal to that of the source’s) then less attitude change ought to occur than if he perceives himself to be significantly less qualified on the issue than the same source. On the other hand, if he perceives himself to be significantly more qualified on the topic than the source, then it would seem that little if any attitude change would be expected to occur. The relationship between the message recipient’s
TL;DR: In this paper, the scale values for highest and lowest levels of credibility were calculated for each level of credibility, and the scale value for credibility was used to evaluate the credibility of a speaker.
Abstract: (1972). Scale values for highest and lowest levels of credibility. Central States Speech Journal: Vol. 23, No. 3, pp. 193-196.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors considered the purpose and nature of an economic assessment of a research and development project, and focused on the forecasts on which an assessment is based, and proposed a method of applying it to the assessment of R&D projects.
TL;DR: This article will attempt to analyze the implementation question in terms of a subjective taxonomy applied to two case studies within a single corporation, rather than the macro-analytical viewpoint adopted in many of the previous, broadly based studies.
Abstract: The purpose of this article is to provide additional commentary and suggestions concerning the implementation question. We seek to do so from a micro-analytical viewpoint, rather than the macro-analytical viewpoint adopted in many of the previous, broadly based studies. Thus, while we recognize the importance, value and research credibility of large sample surveys, we feel that there is much to be gained from an introspective analysis involving a single corporation. Thus, we will attempt to analyze the implementation question in terms of a subjective taxonomy applied to two case studies within a single corporation. It is hoped that the interested reader may be able to associate with these case studies in a more intimate fashion than might be possible in a more general broad-based survey.
01 Apr 1972
TL;DR: In this paper, a study was designed to measure the effects of the source's body type (endomorph (fat), mesomorph (muscular), and ectomorph (thin) in relation to his perceived credibility by the receiver.
Abstract: A study was designed to measure the effects of the source's body type--endomorph (fat), mesomorph (muscular), and ectomorph (thin) --in relation to his perceived credibility by the receiver. Five hundred subjects were randomly selected from a basic communication course and, in groups of twenty in a classroom setting, were each given a noncontroversial speech in manuscript form together with a picture of an assigned source. After reading the message, the subject then filled out a semantic differential designed to measure four dimensions of source credibility. Besides the three body type conditions, there was a control condition in which the subjects evaluated the source in the absence of a picture. The basic design was replicated for male and female sources. Sex of source, sex of respondent, and the three body type conditions were the independent variables analyzed, and results showed that there were no differences between credibility according to body type, although,the ectomorph female was rated highest on the sociability dimension of source credibility. (Author/SH) Communication Research Center Illinois State University
TL;DR: A Methodological Comment on Page's "Role of Demand Awareness in the Communicator Credibility Effect" can be found in this article, where the authors discuss the role of demand awareness in the credibility effect.
Abstract: (1972). A Methodological Comment on Page's “Role of Demand Awareness in the Communicator Credibility Effect”. The Journal of Social Psychology: Vol. 88, No. 2, pp. 197-201.