Topic
Critical load
About: Critical load is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 1843 publications have been published within this topic receiving 30058 citations.
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01 Feb 1970
TL;DR: In this article, a general theory of elastic stability is presented, augmented by an investigation of the buckled structure in the immediate neighborhood of the bifurcation point, which explains why some structures, such as a flat plate supported along its edges and subjected to thrust in its plane, are capable of carrying loads considerably above the buckling load, while other structures, e.g., an axially loaded cylindrical shell, collapse at loads far below the theoretical critical load.
Abstract: : A general theory of elastic stability is presented. In contrast to previous works in the field, the present analysis is augmented by an investigation of the behavior of the buckled structure in the immediate neighborhood of the bifurcation point. This investigation explains why some structures, e.g., a flat plate supported along its edges and subjected to thrust in its plane, are capable of carrying loads considerably above the buckling load, while other structures, e.g., an axially loaded cylindrical shell, collapse at loads far below the theoretical critical load.
902 citations
01 Jan 1988
TL;DR: A group of Nordic experts have tried to draw conclusions on critical loads for sulphur and nitrogen as discussed by the authors, defined as the highest load that will not cause chemical changes leading to long-term harmful effects on most sensitive ecological systems.
Abstract: A group of Nordic experts has tried to draw conclusions on critical loads for sulphur and nitrogen The critical load is defined as “The highest load that will not cause chemical changes leading to long-term harmful effects on most sensitive ecological systems”
781 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors studied the path of a crack in a field of non-uniformly directed stress, and the stability of cracks of various lengths when the prior stress on the crack path is nonuniform, and showed that the crack growth should, to a first approximation, be orthogonal to the most tensile principal stress and thus correspond to a surface delineated by the trajectories of the other two principal stresses.
Abstract: The fracture of a brittle solid under a spherical indenter is the best studied case of fracture in a strongly inhomogeneous, well defined, stress field. Two principal topics are discussed, the path of a crack in a field of non-uniformly directed stress, and the stability of cracks of various length when the prior stress on the crack path is non-uniform. For the first, it is shown that the crack growth should, to a first approximation , be orthogonal to the most tensile principal stress, and thus correspond, in a torsion-free stress field, to a surface delineated by the trajectories of the other two principal stresses: while, to a second approximation, the crack should deviate from this path by having a larger radius of curvature at every bend, thus exhibiting a pseudonertia even in slow growth. This is in accordance with the known experimental facts about the Hertzian crack, particularly the fact that the crack at the surface forms systematically outside the edge of the circle of contact, at which the maximum tensile stress occurs. On the second question, it is found that there are four crack lengths, c 0 , c 1 , c 2 , c 3 , corresponding to stationary values of energy. c 0 and c 2 represent unstable equilibria, and diminish with increasing load; cx and c3 represent stable equilibria and increase with increasing load. With small indenters, c 0 soon becomes less than the size of pre-present surface flaws, and an unobserved shallow ring crack of depth c 1 is produced: the critical condition for observed fracture is then the merging of c 1 with c 2 , allowing unstable growth to the cone crack of depth c 3 . This explains Auerbach’s law, that the critical load for production of a cone crack is proportional to the radius, r , of the indenter sphere. With larger indenters, of several centimetres radius for a typical case, c 1 , and c 2 merge and disappear before c 0 exceeds the size of pre-present flaws. The critical load for cone fracture then becomes nearly propor¬tional to r 2 , as observed. The previous calculations of Roesler (1956 a, b ) relate to the second stable crack dimension, c 3 , though his energy scaling principle is also applicable to the critical condition at which c 1 and c 2 merge. The Hertzian fracture test, within the validity range of Auerbach’s law, affords a means of measuring surface energy at the fracture surface independent of knowledge about the pre-present flaws.
472 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, an optimum surface texture pattern was selected to improve the load carrying capacity of SiC bearing working in water, where micro-pits, evenly distributed in a square array, were selected as the texture pattern, and formed on one of the contact surfaces by reactive ion etching.
418 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the critical load determined by the scratch test is widely regarded as representative of coating adhesion; however, it remains difficult to express quantitatively the adherence because the critical loads depend on several parameters related to the testing conditions and to the coating-substrate system.
399 citations