Topic
Critical radius
About: Critical radius is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 849 publications have been published within this topic receiving 20984 citations.
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TL;DR: Because the location of the metastable critical point can be controlled by changing the composition of the solvent, the present work suggests a systematic approach to promote protein crystallization.
Abstract: Numerical simulations of homogeneous crystal nucleation with a model for globular proteins with short-range attractive interactions showed that the presence of a metastable fluid-fluid critical point drastically changes the pathway for the formation of a crystal nucleus. Close to this critical point, the free-energy barrier for crystal nucleation is strongly reduced and hence, the crystal nucleation rate increases by many orders of magnitude. Because the location of the metastable critical point can be controlled by changing the composition of the solvent, the present work suggests a systematic approach to promote protein crystallization.
1,265 citations
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01 Jan 2000
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present an approach to cluster formation based on the first-order phase transition of nucleation in the first order phase and the second-order transition in the second order phase.
Abstract: Thermodynamics of Nucleation: First-Order Phase Transitions Driving Force for Nucleation Work for Cluster Formation Nucleus Size and Nucleation Work Nucleation Theorem Properties of Clusters Equilibrium Cluster Size Distribution Density-Functional Approach. Kinetics of Nucleation: Master Equation Transition Frequencies Nucleation Rate Equilibrium Stationary Nucleation First Application of the Nucleation Theorem Nonstationary Nucleation Second Application of the Nucleation Theorem Nucleation at Variable Supersaturation. Factors affecting Nucleation: Seed size Line Energy Strain Energy Electric Field Carrier-Gas Pressure Solution Pressure Preexisting Clusters Active Centres. Applications: Overall Crystallization Crystal Growth Third Application of the Nucleation Theorem Induction Time Fourth Application of the Nucleation Theorem Metastabiltiy Limit Maximum Number of Supernuclei Size Distribution of Supernuclei Growth of Thin Films Lifetime of Amphiphile Bilayers. Appendices References Author index Subject Index.
1,128 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, a review of the nucleation of bubbles in solutions supersaturated with a gas, in particular the bubble nucleation that occurs at specific sites, as a cycle is presented.
534 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the magnetic instability in protoplanetary disks and found that the inner region of a disk is magnetorotationally stable due to ohmic dissipation.
Abstract: We investigate where magnetorotational instability operates in protoplanetary disks, which can cause angular momentum transport in the disks. We investigate the spatial distribution of various charged particles and the unstable regions for a variety of models for protoplanetary disks, taking into account the recombination of ions and electrons at grain surfaces, which is an important process in most parts of the disks. We find that for all the models there is an inner region that is magnetorotationally stable due to ohmic dissipation. This must make the accretion onto the central star nonsteady. For the model of the minimum-mass solar nebula, the critical radius, inside of which the disk is stable, is about 20 AU, and the mass accretion rate just outside the critical radius is 10-7-10-6 M☉ yr-1. The stable region is smaller in a disk of lower column density. Dust grains in protoplanetary disks may grow by mutual sticking and may sediment toward the midplane of the disks. We find that the stable region shrinks as the grain size increases or the sedimentation proceeds. Therefore, in the late evolutionary stages, protoplanetary disks can be magnetorotationally unstable even in the inner regions.
439 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the character of plastic deformation in metallic glasses through instrumented nanoindentation experiments on amorphous Pd40Ni40P20 and Mg65Cu25Gd10.
429 citations