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Critical theory
About: Critical theory is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 5372 publications have been published within this topic receiving 164765 citations.
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Book•
01 Dec 2008
TL;DR: Nesbitt as discussed by the authors argues that the Haitian Revolution was the first modern state to implement human rights universally and unconditionally, and that universal emancipation was a fundamental event of modern history, both in the context of the Age of Enlightenment and in contemporary political philosophy.
Abstract: Unlike the American and French Revolutions, the Haitian Revolution was the first in a modern state to implement human rights universally and unconditionally. Going well beyond the selective emancipation of white adult male property owners, the Haitian Revolution is of vital importance, Nick Nesbitt argues, in thinking today about the urgent problems of social justice, human rights, imperialism, torture, and, above all, human freedom.Combining archival research, political philosophy, and intellectual history, Nesbitt explores this fundamental event of modern history - the invention of universal emancipation - both in the context of the Age of Enlightenment (Spinoza, Rousseau, Kant, Hegel) and in relation to certain key figures (Ranciere, Laclau, Habermas) and trends (such as the turn to ethics, human rights, and universalism) in contemporary political philosophy. In doing so, he elucidates the theoretical implications of Haiti's revolution both for the eighteenth century and for the twenty-first century. "Universal Emancipation" will be of interest not only to scholars and students of the Haitian Revolution and postcolonial francophone studies but also to readers interested in critical theory and its relation to history and political science.
57 citations
Book•
30 Nov 2007
TL;DR: In this article, the sociological theory of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels has been studied in the context of social theory and its application to the theory of self and society in social science.
Abstract: Contributors. Acknowledgments. Introduction.Part I: The Sociological Theory of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels:.Introduction.1. Alienation and Historical Materialism.Contribution to the Critique of Hegel's Philosophy of Law: Karl Marx.Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844: Karl Marx.2. Capitalism and Commodities.Commodities: Karl Marx.The General Formula for Capital: Karl Marx.Division of Labour and Manufacture: Karl Marx.The So-Called Primitive Accumulation: Karl Marx.Classes: Karl Marx.3. History and Class Struggle.Manifesto of the Communist Party: Karl Marx and Frederick Engels.The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte: Karl Marx.Part II: The Sociological Theory of Emile Durkheim:Introduction.1. Society and Social Facts.Rules of Sociological Method: Emile Durkheim.2. Solidarity and Modern Life.The Division of Labor in Society: Emile Durkheim. 3. Origins of Collective Conscience.The Elementary Forms of the Religious Life: Emile Durkheim. Part III: The Sociological Theory of Max Weber:Introduction.1. Method of Social Science."Objectivity" in Social Science: Max Weber. Basic Sociological Terms: Max Weber. 2. Religion and Rationality.The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism: Max Weber. 3. Bureaucracy and Politics.The Distribution of Power Within the Political Community: Class, Status, Party: Max Weber. The Types of Legitimate Domination: Max Weber. Bureaucracy: Max Weber. Part IV: Self and Society in Sociological Theory:Introduction.1. George Herbert Mead.The Self: George Herbert Mead. 2. Georg Simmel.The Stranger: Georg Simmel. Group Expansion and the Development of Individuality: Georg Simmel.3. Sigmund Freud.Civilization and its Discontents: Sigmund Freud. 4. W.E.B. Du Bois.The Souls of Black Folk: W.E.B. Du Bois. Part V: Knowledge and Critical Theory:Introduction.1. Karl Mannheim.Ideology and Utopia: Karl Mannheim. 2. Max Horkheimer.Traditional and Critical Theory: Max Horkheimer.3. Theodor Adorno.Cultural Criticism and Society: Theodor Adorno. 4. Herbert Marcuse.One-Dimensional Man: Herbert Marcuse.Part VI: Structural-Functional Analysis:Introduction.1. Talcott Parsons.The Structure of Social Action: Talcott Parsons.The Position of Sociological Theory: Talcott Parsons.An Outline of the Social System: Talcott Parsons.2. Robert K. Merton.On Sociological Theories of the Middle Range: Robert K. Merton.Manifest and Latent Functions: Robert K. Merton.The Bearing of Empirical Research on Sociological Theory: Robert K. Merton. Index.
57 citations
TL;DR: In the post-Fordist era, the transition from Fordism to Post-Fordism has been referred to as the "transition from the state-centric order of the mid-20th century to the stateinterventionist, bureaucratic forms of the 21st century" as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: As is well known, the period since the early 1970s has been one of massive historical structural transformations of the global order, frequently referred to as the transition from Fordism to post-Fordism (or, better, from Fordism to post-Fordism to neoliberal global capitalism). This transformation of social, economic, and cultural life, which has entailed the undermining of the state-centric order of the mid – twentieth century, has been as fundamental as the earlier transition from nineteenth-century liberal capitalism to the stateinterventionist, bureaucratic forms of the twentieth century. These processes have entailed far-reaching changes in not only Western capitalist countries but communist countries as well, and led to the collapse of the Soviet Union and European communism in addition to fundamental transformations in China. Consequently, they have been interpreted as marking the end of Marxism and of the theoretical relevance of Marx’s critical theory. And yet these processes of historical transformation have also reasserted the central importance of historical dynamics and large-scale structural changes. This problematic, which is at the heart of Marx’s critical theory, is precisely that which eludes the grasp of the major theories of the immediate post-Fordist era — those of Michel Foucault, Jacques Derrida, and Jurgen Habermas. Recent transformations have revealed those theories to have been retrospective, focused critically on the Fordist era, but no longer adequate to the contemporary post-Fordist world. Emphasizing the problematic of historical dynamics and transformations
57 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a sociological approach to global moral codes is developed, influenced by the idea of an emancipatory social theory, inspired by certain themes developed by Simone Weil, drawing on the writings of Fromm, Horkheimer, Adorno and Elias.
Abstract: First generation Frankfurt School critical theorists argued that global solidarity was possible because human beings have similar vulnerabilities to mental and physical suffering. This approach to solidarity remains significant for any discussion of the ethical aspirations of critical theory. It also has ramifications for efforts to develop a sociological approach to global moral codes which is influenced by the idea of an emancipatory social theory. Informed by certain themes which were developed by Simone Weil, this article draws on the writings of Fromm, Horkheimer, Adorno and Elias to consider how a sociology of international moral codes can be developed. One of the aims of this project is to consider how far global moralities have developed forms of solidarity around the recognition of shared vulnerabilities to mental and physical suffering which are part of the species’ biological legacy.
57 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1999
TL;DR: Habermas and Kant: Judgement and Communicative experience: Stale Finke (University of Oslo) and Gordon Finlayson (University of York).
Abstract: Introduction: History and the Trace of Reason: Habermasa s Philosophy and its Context: Peter Dews (University of Essex). Part I: Traditions:. 1. Habermas and Kant: Judgement and Communicative Experience: Stale Finke (University of Oslo -- original contribution). 2. Does Hegela s Critique of Kant Apply to Discourse Ethics? Gordon Finlayson (University of York -- original contribution). 3. Habermas, Marxism and Social Theory: The Case for Pluralism in Critical Social Science: James Bohmann (Washington University, Saint Louis -- original contribution). 4. Models of Intersubjectivity: Habermas, Mead and Lacan: Peter Dews (University of Essex). 5. Heideggera s Challenge and the Future of Critical Theory: Nikolas Kompridis (Wilfrid Laurier University -- original contribution). Part II: Contexts:. 6. Between Radicalism and Resignation: Democratic Theory in Habermasa s Between Facts and Norms: Bill Scheuerman (University of Pittsburgh -- original contribution). 7. Habermas, Feminism and the Question of Autonomy: Maeve Cooke (University College Dublin -- original contribution). 8. Jurgen Habermas and the Antinomies of the Intellectual: Max Pensky (University of Binghampton -- original contribution). Part III: Critiques:. 9. Society and History: Towards a Critique of Critical Theory: Michael Theunissen (Free University, Berlin). 10. What is Metaphysics -- What is Modernity? Twelve Theses against Jurgen Habermas: Dieter Henrich (University of Munich). 11. The Social Dynamics of Disrespect: Axel Honneth (University of Frankfurt).
56 citations