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Critical theory
About: Critical theory is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 5372 publications have been published within this topic receiving 164765 citations.
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01 Jan 2011
TL;DR: Google has become ubiquitous in everyday life – it is shaping how the authors search, organize and perceive information in contexts like the workplace, private life, culture, politics, the household, shopping and consumption, entertainment, sports, etc.
Abstract: Google is the world’s most accessed web platform: 46.0% of worldwide Internet users accessed Google in a three-month period (data source: alexa.com, http://internetworldstats.com/stats.htm; February 10, 2011). In January 2011, Google accounted for 65.6% of all searches in the US, Yahoo! for 16.1%, Microsoft sites (including Bing, MSN, Windows Live) for 13.1%, ask.com for 3.4%, and AOL LLC for 1.7% (http://www.comscore.com/Press_Events/ Press_Releases/2011/2/comScore_Releases_January_2011_U.S._Search_Engine_Rankings). In 2010, Google accounted on average for 85.07% of all worldwide searches, Yahoo for 6.12%, Baidu for 3.33%, Bing for 3.25%, Ask for 0.67% and others for 1.56% (January-December 2010, http://marketshare.hitslink.com/search-engine-marketshare.aspx?qprid=5). In China, Baidu accounted in 2010 for on average 60.4% of all searches and Google for only 37.7% (January-December 2010, http://gs.statcounter.com/#search_engine-CN-monthly-201001-201012). Google has become ubiquitous in everyday life – it is shaping how we search, organize and perceive information in contexts like the workplace, private life, culture, politics, the household, shopping and consumption, entertainment, sports, etc. The phrase “to google” has even found its way into the vocabulary of some languages. The Oxford English Dictionary defines “to google” as “search for information about (someone or something) on the Internet, typically using the search engine Google” and remarks that the word’s origin is “the proprietary name of a popular Internet search engine” (http://oxforddictionaries.com/view/entry/m_en_gb0342960#m_en_gb0342960, accessed on February 10, 2011). The German Duden (2009 edition) defines the term “googeln” as “im Internet suchen” (p. 498, = to search on the Internet). The circumstance that a company name becomes part of a vocabulary indicates that the products of large monopoly capitalist companies have become so present in capitalist society that their existence is absolutely taken for granted, not questioned and so strongly fetishized that specific verbs (“to google”, “googeln”) are defined for expressing the usage of these products. There are a lot of affirmative, uncritical popular scienceand business studiespublications about Google that have a celebratory tone, take for granted economic power and do not see this kind of power’s underbelly. For example, David Vise (2005) tells the Google Story in a celebratory tone. He argues that the great thing about Google is that it helps people “to find the information” (Vise 2005:292) they need and that it “reliably provides free information for everyone who seeks it” (Vise 2005:2). Tapscott and Williams invoke the images of revolution and participatory democracy when speaking about web 2.0 companies and therefore characterize Google as providing “participatory Web services” (Tapscott and Williams 2006:193). Bernard Girard (2009) says that Google has “democratized advertising” (Girard 2009:39) and “represents the invention of a new management model – and calling it revolutionary is no exaggeration” (Girard 2009:223). Jeff Jarvis says that talking about Google means “talking about a new society” that is built on “connections, links, transparency, openness, publicness, listening, trust, wisdom, generosity, efficiency, markets, niches, platforms, networks, speed, and abundance” (Jarvis 2009:240f). Books such as the Google Story (Vise 2005), What would Google do? (Jarvis 2009), The Google way (Girard 2009), or Googled (Auletta 2010) not only celebrate Google, but at the same time advance the individualistic myth of the American dream, in which hard working individuals have great ideas and thereby become successful. They ignore the A Contribution to the Critique of the Political Economy of Google
72 citations
TL;DR: The Citizenship Education for a Pluralistic Democratic Society (CEPS) curriculum as discussed by the authors is a popular curriculum for Citizenship Education in the public education system in the United States and Canada.
Abstract: (1990). Citizenship Education for a Pluralistic Democratic Society. The Social Studies: Vol. 81, No. 5, pp. 210-214.
72 citations
71 citations
TL;DR: The political philosophy of immigration digital book as discussed by the authors is available for download for free for every single topic and can be found in the web site of the Library of Congress of the State of New York.
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71 citations