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Crystal

About: Crystal is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 90022 publications have been published within this topic receiving 1285207 citations. The topic is also known as: crystalline solid.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the crystal and molecular structure of cellulose Iβ were determined using synchrotron and neutron diffraction data recorded from oriented fibrous samples prepared by aligning cellulose microcrystals from tunicin.
Abstract: The crystal and molecular structure together with the hydrogen-bonding system in cellulose Iβ has been determined using synchrotron and neutron diffraction data recorded from oriented fibrous samples prepared by aligning cellulose microcrystals from tunicin. These samples diffracted both synchrotron X-rays and neutrons to better than 1 A resolution (>300 unique reflections; P21). The X-ray data were used to determine the C and O atom positions. The resulting structure consisted of two parallel chains having slightly different conformations and organized in sheets packed in a “parallel-up” fashion, with all hydroxymethyl groups adopting the tg conformation. The positions of hydrogen atoms involved in hydrogen-bonding were determined from a Fourier-difference analysis using neutron diffraction data collected from hydrogenated and deuterated samples. The hydrogen atoms involved in the intramolecular O3···O5 hydrogen bonds have well-defined positions, whereas those corresponding to O2 and O6 covered a wider v...

2,583 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that the Reuss and Voigt approximations can be used to estimate, accurately, the mean sound velocity of a crystal, which is proportioned to the Debye temperature.

2,488 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present necessary and sufficient conditions for elastic stability in all crystal classes, as a concise and pedagogical reference to stability criteria in noncubic materials.
Abstract: While the Born elastic stability criteria are well known for cubic crystals, there is some confusion in the literature about the form they should take for lower-symmetry crystal classes Here we present closed form necessary and sufficient conditions for elastic stability in all crystal classes, as a concise and pedagogical reference to stability criteria in noncubic materials

2,199 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, simple rules are set up giving approximate analytic atomic wave functions for all the atoms, in any stage of ionization, in analogy with the method of Zener for the atoms from Li to F, and these are applied to x-ray levels, sizes of atoms and ions, diamagnetic susceptibility, etc.
Abstract: In analogy with the method of Zener for the atoms from Li to F, simple rules are set up giving approximate analytic atomic wave functions for all the atoms, in any stage of ionization. These are applied to x-ray levels, sizes of atoms and ions, diamagnetic susceptibility, etc. In connection with ferromagnetism it is shown that if this really depends on the existence of incomplete shells within the atoms, rather far apart in the crystal, then the metals most likely to show it would be Fe, Co, Ni, and alloys of Mn and Cu (Heusler alloys).

2,191 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors defined the ration of the relative lateral movement of two parallel planes of slip to the distance between them, defined in the same way as the shear strain considered in the theory of elasticity.
Abstract: Experiments on the plastic deformation of single crystals, of metals and of rock salt have given results which differ in detail but possess certain common characteristics. In general the deformation of a single crystal in tension or compression consists of shear strain in which sheets of the crystal parallel to a crystal plane slip over one another, the direction of motion being some simple crystal-lographic axis. The measure of this strain, which will be represented by s , is the ration of the relative lateral movement of two parallel planes of slip to the distance between them. Thus it is defined in the same way as the shear strain considered in the theory of elasticity.

1,990 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
202286
20212,220
20202,712
20192,881
20182,738
20172,747