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Showing papers on "Crystallization published in 2019"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is shown that when a solution processable organic semiconductor (6,13-bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl)pentacene) is blended with an insulating polymer (PS), morphological and structural characteristics of the blend films could be significantly influenced by the processing conditions like the spin coating time.
Abstract: Blending organic semiconductors with insulating polymers has been known to be an effective way to overcome the disadvantages of single-component organic semiconductors for high-performance organic field-effect transistors (OFETs). We show that when a solution processable organic semiconductor (6,13-bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl)pentacene, TIPS-pentacene) is blended with an insulating polymer (PS), morphological and structural characteristics of the blend films could be significantly influenced by the processing conditions like the spin coating time. Although vertical phase-separated structures (TIPS-pentacene-top/PS-bottom) were formed on the substrate regardless of the spin coating time, the spin time governed the growth mode of the TIPS-pentacene molecules that phase-separated and crystallized on the insulating polymer. Excess residual solvent in samples spun for a short duration induces a convective flow in the drying droplet, thereby leading to one-dimensional (1D) growth mode of TIPS-pentacene crystals. In contrast, after an appropriate spin-coating time, an optimum amount of the residual solvent in the film led to two-dimensional (2D) growth mode of TIPS-pentacene crystals. The 2D spherulites of TIPS-pentacene are extremely advantageous for improving the field-effect mobility of FETs compared to needle-like 1D structures, because of the high surface coverage of crystals with a unique continuous film structure. In addition, the porous structure observed in the 2D crystalline film allows gas molecules to easily penetrate into the channel region, thereby improving the gas sensing properties.

243 citations



Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a low-temperature gradient crystallization (LTGC) method was proposed to obtain high-quality CH3NH3PbBr3 single crystals with lateral dimension as large as two inches.

170 citations



Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a light-driven and electro-driven polyethylene glycol (PEG)/two-dimensional MXene composite with enhanced thermal conductivity and electrical conductivity as form-stable phase change material (FSPCM) is first obtained via the simple vacuum impregnation by employing MXene as the supporting skeleton as well as thermally conductive and electrically conductive filler and PEG as the phase change working substance.
Abstract: Novel light-driven and electro-driven polyethylene glycol (PEG)/two-dimensional MXene composite (PEG@MXene) with enhanced thermal conductivity and electrical conductivity as form-stable phase change material (FSPCM) is first obtained via the simple vacuum impregnation by employing MXene as the supporting skeleton as well as thermally conductive and electrically conductive filler and PEG as the phase change working substance. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) indicates that no chemical reaction occurred between PEG and MXene during adsorption process, but X-ray diffraction (XRD) results show the crystalline regions of PEG was decreased by the incorporation of MXene. The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), polarizing microscope (POM), as well as XRD results demonstrate that the MXene nanosheets act as heterogeneous crystal nuclei and promote the crystallization of PEG. The melting and freezing latent heats of PEG@MXene are as high as 131.2 and 129.5 J/g, respectively, the relative enthalpy efficiency is 80.3%, and the thermal conductivity and electrical conductivity are 2.052 W/mK and 10.41 S/m, respectively. The obtained PEG@MXene has excellent light-to-thermal conversion, electro-to-thermal conversion and thermal energy storage performance. All these results demonstrate that the obtained PEG@MXene will have a great potential application for thermal energy storage.

145 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This paper reviews the progresses achieved in zeolite morphology control and investigates theZeolite crystallization and crystal assembly mechanisms are investigated for providing an overall insight into the regulation of zeolites crystal morphology.
Abstract: Aluminosilicate zeolites with controllable morphology have attracted considerable attention due to their potential applications in catalysis, adsorption, and separation technologies, as well as the biomedical field. However, the rational design and preparation of zeolites with the required morphology have not been achieved because the zeolite crystallization mechanism has not been fully understood, and therefore, the nucleation and crystal growth processes cannot be oriented. This paper reviews the progresses achieved in zeolite morphology control. The chemical compositions of the synthesis gel, including template (or the structure-directing agent) and framework heteroatoms, silica and alumina sources, alkali metal cations and mineralization ions, crystallization conditions, and synthesis methods have a considerable impact on the crystal morphology. The oriented assembly of zeolite crystals into special morphologies, such as hierarchical porous structures, zeolite membranes, hollow zeolite spheres, and core@shell-structured zeolites, can be realized by using soft and/or hard template methods and adjusting the synthesis and crystallization conditions. In addition, zeolite crystallization and crystal assembly mechanisms are investigated for providing an overall insight into the regulation of zeolite crystal morphology.

142 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The current state of the art of non-Classical Crystallization is summarized with a focus on the new horizons for NCC with respect to mechanistic understanding, high-performance materials and new applications.
Abstract: Nonclassical crystallization (NCC) summarizes a number of crystallization pathways, which differ from the classical layer-by-layer growth of crystals involving atomic/molecular building units. Common to NCC is that the building units are larger and include nanoparticles, clusters, or liquid droplets, providing multiple handles for their control at each elementary step. Therefore, many different pathways toward the final single crystals are possible and can be influenced by appropriate experimental parameters or additives at each step of crystal growth. NCC allows for a plethora of crystallization strategies toward complex crystalline (hybrid) materials. In this perspective, we summarize the current state of the art with a focus on the new horizons of NCC with respect to mechanistic understanding, high-performance materials, and new applications. This gives a glimpse on what will be possible in the future using these crystallization approaches: Examples are new electrodes and storage materials, (photo)catalysts, building materials, porous or crystalline materials with complex shape, structural hierarchy, and anisotropic single crystals.

135 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
14 Jun 2019-Science
TL;DR: A liquid–liquid phase transition in the phase-change materials Ag4In3Sb67Te26 and Ge15Sb85 at 660 and 610 kelvin, respectively is found, revealing a relationship between atomic structure and kinetics, enabling a systematic optimization of the memory-switching kinetics.
Abstract: In phase-change memory devices, a material is cycled between glassy and crystalline states. The highly temperature-dependent kinetics of its crystallization process enables application in memory technology, but the transition has not been resolved on an atomic scale. Using femtosecond x-ray diffraction and ab initio computer simulations, we determined the time-dependent pair-correlation function of phase-change materials throughout the melt-quenching and crystallization process. We found a liquid–liquid phase transition in the phase-change materials Ag4In3Sb67Te26 and Ge15Sb85 at 660 and 610 kelvin, respectively. The transition is predominantly caused by the onset of Peierls distortions, the amplitude of which correlates with an increase of the apparent activation energy of diffusivity. This reveals a relationship between atomic structure and kinetics, enabling a systematic optimization of the memory-switching kinetics.

106 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the detailed crystallization process of mixed perovskites during spin-coating is revealed by in situ grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering measurements, and three phase-formation stages are identified: I) precursor solution; II) hexagonal δ-phase (2H); and III) complex phases including hexagonal polytypes (4H, 6H), MAI-PbI2 -DMSO intermediate phases, and perovsite α-phase.
Abstract: Mixed perovskites have achieved substantial successes in boosting solar cell efficiency, but the complicated perovskite crystal formation pathway remains mysterious. Here, the detailed crystallization process of mixed perovskites (FA0.83 MA0.17 Pb(I0.83 Br0.17 )3 ) during spin-coating is revealed by in situ grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering measurements, and three phase-formation stages are identified: I) precursor solution; II) hexagonal δ-phase (2H); and III) complex phases including hexagonal polytypes (4H, 6H), MAI-PbI2 -DMSO intermediate phases, and perovskite α-phase. The correlated device performance and ex situ characterizations suggest the existence of an "annealing window" covering the duration of stage II. The spin-coated film should be annealed within the annealing window to avoid the formation of hexagonal polytypes during the perovskite crystallization process, thus achieving a good device performance. Remarkably, the crystallization pathway can be manipulated by incorporating Cs+ ions in mixed perovskites. Combined with density functional theory calculations, the perovskite system with sufficient Cs+ will bypass the formation of secondary phases in stage III by promoting the formation of α-phase both kinetically and thermodynamically, thereby significantly extending the annealing window. This study provides underlying reasons of the time sensitivity of fabricating mixed-perovskite devices and insightful guidelines for manipulating the perovskite crystallization pathways toward higher performance.

105 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors focused on the glass forming, crystallization, and physical properties of ZnO doped MgO-Al2O3-SiO2-B 2O3 glass-ceramics and revealed a rational mechanism of glass formation, crystal precipitation, and evolution between structure and performance.
Abstract: This study focused on the glass forming, crystallization, and physical properties of ZnO doped MgO-Al2O3-SiO2-B2O3 glass-ceramics. The results show that the glass forming ability enhances first with ZnO increasing from 0 to 0.5 mol%, and then weakens with further addition of ZnO which acted as network modifier. No nucleating agent was used and the crystallization of studied glasses is controlled by a surface crystallization mechanism. The predominant phase in glass-ceramics changed from α-cordierite to spinel/gahnite as ZnO gradually replaced MgO. The phase type did not change; however, the crystallinity and grain size in glass-ceramics increased when the glasses were treated from 1030 °C to 1100 °C. The introduction of ZnO can improve the thermal, mechanical, and dielectric properties of the glass-ceramics. The results reveal a rational mechanism of glass formation, crystal precipitation, and evolution between structure and performance in the xZnO-(20-x)MgO-20Al2O3-57SiO2-3B2O3 (0 ≤ x ≤ 20 mol%) system.

104 citations



Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a high-purity zeolite 4A was synthesized by the hydrothermal method using fly ash as the raw material, and the effects of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) or/and sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) on the activation of fly ash were studied.

Journal ArticleDOI
Chaoen Li1, Hang Yu1, Yuan Song1, Hao Liang, Xun Yan1 
15 Jan 2019-Energy
TL;DR: In this article, an n-octadecane@PMMA/TiO2 hybrid shell PCM was prepared through a facile emulsion method, then characterized and estimated for thermal energy storage.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a general crystallization mechanism for 2D perovskites was proposed, where solvent evaporation and crystal growth compete to influence the level of supersaturation and a low supersaturation is necessary to crystallize vertically oriented thin films starting from nucleation at the liquid-air interface.
Abstract: Metal halide perovskites have demonstrated strong potential for optoelectronic applications. Particularly, two-dimensional (2D) perovskites have emerged to be promising materials due to their tunable properties and superior stability compared to their three-dimensional counterparts. For high device performance, 2D perovskites need a vertical crystallographic orientation with respect to the electrodes to achieve efficient charge transport. However, the vertical orientation is difficult to achieve with various compositions due to a lack of understanding of the thin film nucleation and growth processes. Here we report a general crystallization mechanism for 2D perovskites, where solvent evaporation and crystal growth compete to influence the level of supersaturation and a low supersaturation is necessary to crystallize vertically oriented thin films starting from nucleation at the liquid–air interface. Factors influencing the supersaturation and crystallization dynamics, such as choices of organic spacers, s...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The morphology of a wide range of inorganic materials, grown by rapid precipitation from a metal cation solution, can be tuned during their crystallization from one- to three-dimensional (1D to 3D) structures without the need for capping agents or templates.
Abstract: The precise control of the morphology of inorganic materials during their synthesis is important yet challenging. Here we report that the morphology of a wide range of inorganic materials, grown by rapid precipitation from a metal cation solution, can be tuned during their crystallization from one- to three-dimensional (1D to 3D) structures without the need for capping agents or templates. This control is achieved by adjusting the balance between the electrolytic dissociation (α) of the reactants and the supersaturation (S) of the solutions. Low-α, weak electrolytes promoted the growth of anisotropic (1D and 2D) samples, with 1D materials favoured in particular at low S. In contrast, isotropic 3D polyhedral structures could only be prepared in the presence of strong electrolyte reactants (α ≈ 1) with low S. Using this strategy, a wide range of materials were prepared, including metal oxides, hydroxides, carbonates, molybdates, oxalates, phosphates, fluorides and iodate with a variety of morphologies. Precipitation enables the straightforward production of a variety of inorganic materials, but the rapid reaction rates involved typically make controlling their morphologies difficult. Now, the growth of either one-, two- or three-dimensional materials has been promoted by tuning of the reactants’ electrolytic dissociation and solution supersaturation, without the need for capping agents and templates.

Journal ArticleDOI
23 Apr 2019
TL;DR: The discovery of enhanced electrochemical stability for aqueous electrolytes with very high salt concentration has stimulated the development of high-voltage rechargeable batteries as mentioned in this paper, and a key f...
Abstract: The discovery of enhanced electrochemical stability for aqueous electrolytes with very high salt concentration has stimulated the development of high-voltage aqueous batteries. We show that a key f...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The direct imaging of the crystal surface of MOF MIL-101 synthesized with different additives is reported, using low-dose high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and three distinct surface structures are identified, at subunit cell resolution.
Abstract: Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are often synthesized using various additives to modulate the crystallization. Here, we report the direct imaging of the crystal surface of MOF MIL-101 synthesized with different additives, using low-dose high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and identify three distinct surface structures, at subunit cell resolution. We find that the mesoporous cages at the outermost surface of MIL-101 can be opened up by vacuum heating treatment at different temperatures, depending on the MIL-101 samples. We monitor the structural evolution of MIL-101 upon vacuum heating, using in situ X-ray diffraction, and find the results to be in good agreement with HRTEM observations, which leads us to speculate that additives have an influence not only on the surface structure but also on the stability of framework. In addition, we observe solid-solid phase transformation from MIL-101 to MIL-53 taking place in the sample synthesized with hydrofluoric acid.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a furan-phosphamide derivative (POCFA) was synthesized using furfurylamine (FA) and phosphorus oxychloride(POC), which was used as a flame retardant and nucleating agent in PLA.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It was proved that the kinetics of drug release improved with increasing magnesium content and the porosity and the specific surface area were found to be responsible for this improvement.
Abstract: The effects of the magnesium doping of binary glass (Si–Ca) on particle texture, on the biomineralization process in simulated body fluid (SBF) as well as on drug loading and release were examined. For this purpose, magnesium-doped binary bioglass nanoparticles (85SiO2–(15 − x)CaO–xMgO, with x = 1, 3, 5 and 10 mol%) were prepared by a base catalysed sol–gel method. N2 adsorption isotherm analysis showed an enhancement in specific surface area as the Mg molar fraction increased. In addition, the FTIR spectra of the samples after soaking in SBF for various periods of time confirmed the presence of new chemical bonds related to the apatite phase, as was also confirmed by SEM observations. XRD patterns of the samples after soaking revealed that the crystallization to form a more stable apatite-like phase was hindered with increasing magnesium content in the glass composition. Furthermore, it was proved that the kinetics of drug release improved with increasing magnesium content. The porosity and the specific surface area were found to be responsible for this improvement.

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Aug 2019-Carbon
TL;DR: In this paper, the phase transition enthalpy (ΔHh) and phase transition temperature (Thp) in the heating process of a single/multi-wall carbon nanotubes (HDA-g-SWCNT, HDAg-MWCNT) solid-solid phase change materials (SSPCMs) were fabricated via a green Diels-Alder reaction.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Yb2Si2O7 coatings were deposited on Si/SiC substrates by atmospheric plasma spray (APS) as discussed by the authors, and different power and plasma chemistries used in this work produced mainly amorphous crack-free coatings with compositions shifted to lower SiO2 content with higher power and H2 flow.
Abstract: Yb2Si2O7 coatings were deposited on Si/SiC substrates by atmospheric plasma spray (APS). The different power and plasma chemistries used in this work produced mainly amorphous crack-free coatings with compositions shifted to lower SiO2 content with higher power and H2 flow. Differences in microstructure and thermomechanical properties (crystallization behavior, thermal expansion coefficient and thermal conductivity) of as-deposited and thermally treated coatings were directly related to the evolution from amorphous to crystalline phases. A Yb2SiO5 metastable phase was identified after thermal treatments at temperatures ∼ 1000 °C that transformed to its stable isomorph at 1220 °C. This transformation, followed by the growth of the crystal cell volume, promoted the coating expansion and the “healing” of microcracks present in the amorphous as-sprayed coating.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A phenomenological model provides a consistent account of the timescale and surface concentration of free-droplet crystallization on drying for the different drying conditions studied, a necessary step in progress toward achieving control over rates of crystallization and the competitive formation of amorphous particles.
Abstract: Drying and crystallization of solution droplets is a problem of broad relevance, determining the microstructures of particles formed in spray-drying, the phase of particles delivered by, for example, aerosol formulations for inhalation therapies, and the impact of aerosols on radiative forcing and climate. The ephemeral nature of free droplets, particularly when considering the drying kinetics of droplets with highly volatile constituents, has often precluded the accurate measurement of transient properties such as droplet size and composition, preventing the robust assessment of predictive models of droplet-drying rates, nucleation, and crystallization. Here, we report novel measurements of the drying kinetics of individual aqueous sodium chloride solution droplets using an electrodynamic balance to isolate and trap single aerosol droplets (radius ≈ 25 μm). The initial solution droplet size and composition are shown to be highly reproducible in terms of drying rate and crystallization time when examined over hundreds of identical evaporating droplets. We introduce a numerical model that determines the concentration gradient across the radial profile of the droplet as it dries, considering both the surface recession because of evaporation and the diffusion of components within the droplet. Drying-induced crystallization is shown to be fully determined for this system, with nucleation and instantaneous crystallization occurring once a critical supersaturation level of 2.04 ± 0.02 is achieved at the surface of the evaporating droplet. This phenomenological model provides a consistent account of the timescale and surface concentration of free-droplet crystallization on drying for the different drying conditions studied, a necessary step in progress toward achieving control over rates of crystallization and the competitive formation of amorphous particles.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Yuejiang et al. as mentioned in this paper proposed a method to solve the problem of high energy consumption in the presence of high temperature and humidity, and showed that the method can achieve high energy efficiency and low energy consumption.
Abstract: C. Chen, Dr. Y. Jiang, J. Guo, X. Wu, W. Zhang, Prof. S. Wu, Prof. X. Gao, Prof. J.-M. Liu, Prof. K. Kempa, Prof. J. Gao Institute for Advanced Materials and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics South China Normal University Guangzhou 510006, China E-mail: yuejiang@m.scnu.edu.cn; gaojinwei@m.scnu.edu.cn Dr. X. Hu, Prof. G. Zhou Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics South China Normal University Guangzhou 510006, China Prof. Q. Wang School of Chemistry and Environment South China Normal University Guangzhou 510006, China Prof. Y. Chen Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry College of Chemistry Nanchang University Nanchang 330031, China Prof. J.-M. Liu Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures Nanjing University Nanjing 210093, China Prof. K. Kempa Department of Physics Boston College Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A process performance evaluation indicated that M3 is more suitable for simultaneous K and P recovery from source-separated urine than M2, but the phosphate recovery efficiency was lower than that of M2 due to the dissolution of phosphate in the stabilizing agent.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This work shows that a widely studied non-fullerene acceptor, the indacenodithienothiophene-based acceptor ITIC, crystallizes in a profoundly different way as compared to fullerenes, and introduces a new rationale for the design of bulk heterojunctions that is not based on the selection of high- Tg materials per se but diffusion-limited crystallization.
Abstract: Organic solar cells are thought to suffer from poor thermal stability of the active layer nanostructure, a common belief that is based on the extensive work that has been carried out on fullerene-based systems. We show that a widely studied non-fullerene acceptor, the indacenodithienothiophene-based acceptor ITIC, crystallizes in a profoundly different way as compared to fullerenes. Although fullerenes are frozen below the glass-transition temperature Tg of the photovoltaic blend, ITIC can undergo a glass-crystal transition considerably below its high Tg of ∼180 °C. Nanoscopic crystallites of a low-temperature polymorph are able to form through a diffusion-limited crystallization process. The resulting fine-grained nanostructure does not evolve further with time and hence is characterized by a high degree of thermal stability. Instead, above Tg, the low temperature polymorph melts, and micrometer-sized crystals of a high-temperature polymorph develop, enabled by more rapid diffusion and hence long-range mass transport. This leads to the same detrimental decrease in photovoltaic performance that is known to occur also in the case of fullerene-based blends. Besides explaining the superior thermal stability of non-fullerene blends at relatively high temperatures, our work introduces a new rationale for the design of bulk heterojunctions that is not based on the selection of high- Tg materials per se but diffusion-limited crystallization. The planar structure of ITIC and potentially other non-fullerene acceptors readily facilitates the desired glass-crystal transition, which constitutes a significant advantage over fullerenes, and may pave the way for truly stable organic solar cells.


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A generalized theory of nucleation and growth of crystals in a metastable (supercooled or supersaturated) liquid is developed taking into account two principal effects: the diffusion mechanism of the particle-size distribution function in the space of particle radii and the unsteady-state growth rates of individual crystals induced by fluctuations in external temperature or concentration field.
Abstract: A generalized theory of nucleation and growth of crystals in a metastable (supercooled or supersaturated) liquid is developed taking into account two principal effects: the diffusion mechanism of the particle-size distribution function in the space of particle radii and the unsteady-state growth rates of individual crystals induced by fluctuations in external temperature or concentration field. A system of the Fokker-Planck and balance integro-differential equations is formulated and analytically solved in a parametric form for arbitrary nucleation kinetics and arbitrary growth rates of individual crystals. The particle-size distribution function and system metastability are found in an explicit form. The Weber-Volmer-Frenkel-Zel'dovich and Meirs kinetic mechanisms, as well as the unsteady-state growth rates of nuclei (Alexandrov & Alexandrova 2019 Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 377, 20180209 ( doi:10.1098/rsta.2018.0209 )), are considered as special cases. Some potential biomedical applications of the present theory for crystal growth from supersaturated solutions are discussed. The theory is compared with experimental data on protein and insulin crystallization (growth dynamics of the proteins lysozyme and canavalin as well as of bovine and porcine insulin is considered). The hat-shaped particle-size distribution functions for lysozyme and canavalin crystals as well as for bovine and porcine insulin are found. This article is part of the theme issue 'Heterogeneous materials: metastable and non-ergodic internal structures'.

Journal ArticleDOI
25 Feb 2019
TL;DR: The development of this novel concept of room-temperature crystallization without the aid of additives and solvents represents a crucial breakthrough that is highly significant for exploring the green and energy-efficient synthesis of a variety of oxide and metal thin films.
Abstract: For the first time, this work presents a novel room temperature time-effective concept to manipulate the crystallization kinetics and magnetic responses of thin films grown on amorphous substrates. Conventionally, metal-induced crystallization is adopted to minimize the crystallization temperature of the upper-layer thin film. However, due to the limited surface area of the continuous metal under-layer, the degree of crystallization is insufficient and post-annealing is required. To expose a large surface area of the metal under-layer, we propose a simple and novel approach of using an Au nanodots array instead of a continuous metallic under-layer to obtain crystallization of upper-layer thin films. Spinel cobalt ferrite (CFO) thin film as a 'model' was deposited on an Au nano-dots array to realize this methodology. Our findings revealed that the addition of quantum-sized Au nano-dots as a metal under-layer dramatically enhanced the crystallization of the cobalt ferrite upper layer at room temperature. The appearance of major X-ray diffraction peaks with high intensity and well-defined crystallized lattice planes observed via transmission electron microscopy confirmed the crystallization of the CFO thin film deposited at room temperature on 4 nm-sized Au nano-dots. This crystallized CFO thin film exhibits 18-fold higher coercivity (Hc = 4150 Oe) and 4-fold higher saturation magnetization (Ms = 262 emu cm-3) compared to CFO deposited without the Au under-layer. The development of this novel concept of room-temperature crystallization without the aid of additives and solvents represents a crucial breakthrough that is highly significant for exploring the green and energy-efficient synthesis of a variety of oxide and metal thin films.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the influence of Talc on the PLA-based composite in FFF is revealed, and an increase in crystallinity from 3.6% to 12% can lead to 15% increase in flexural modulus for FFF printed parts.

Journal ArticleDOI
12 Mar 2019-Polymer
TL;DR: In this article, a combination of thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), polarized light microscopy (PLM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and broadband dielectric spectrography (BDS) were employed to study the polymer-filler interaction, crystallization and molecular mobility.