Showing papers on "Cultural heritage published in 1970"

Digitization of cultural heritage ViMuseo.fi project. Description of PhD project

Abstract: In this text I will present my doctoral research on the digitization of cultural heritage, which I am conducting at the Department of Art and Cultural Studies, University of Jyvaskyla (Finland). The supervisors are Professor of Museology Janne Vilkuna (main supervisor) and Professor of Digital Culture Raine Koskimaa (second supervisor) from the Department of Art and Culture Studies, University of Jyvaskyla. The research is scheduled to be conducted between 2008 and 2012. The goals of the research are (1) to investigate the possibilities for new media in presenting cultural heritage in small museums in Finland; (2) to analyze the cooperation between the researcher, graphic designers and programmers; and (3) to construct the tool to create multimedia presentations. The possible implementation of the research results is also discussed.

Social Media and Community Involvement in Museums. A case study of a local history wiki community

Abstract: The article focuses on a study of knowledge creation and organizing in a local history wiki. The background for this study was to understand how web 2.0 and social media might open new possibilities for museums to collaborate with communities and lay professionals in cultural heritage knowledge creation. Digital technologies provide tools that in many ways overcome challenges of physical collaboration between museums and amateurs. But technologies also bring in new aspects of ordering, categorizing and systematizing knowledge that illuminates the different institutional as well as professional frameworks that writing local historical knowledge into digital forms in fact represents.

Cultural relict plants – a living heritage

Abstract: Cultural relict plants are remaining populations of plants once introduced for cultivation and use. The plants have survived, even though the population is no longer actively maintained. Cultural relict plants can be found in the close surround- ings of historical places such as monastery ruins, churches, castles, fortresses, manors, old farms and villages. The plants are part of a living heritage, but the responsibility tends to fall between different perspectives – between the conservation of buildings, ob- jects and immaterial knowledge (cultural heritage) and conservation of nature (natu- ral heritage). In this article we debate the value of such plants as parts of a place. We list potential species and findings from a project with focus on the Arctic region in the Nordic countries. We furthermore emphasise the need for trans-disciplinary approaches to secure the habitat and increase awareness about cultural relict plants.

When The City Invades The Countryside –Cultural-historical Environments InSpatial Planning

Abstract: This article focuses on the effects of landscape changes that take place in the outskirts of towns and cities, with special focus on how pressure on land resources affects the preservation of cultural heritage and cultural-historical environments. The effects of modern housing projects and modern road building are significant in these areas. Hereby the traditional structures of farmsteads are diluted, and the historic structures of the landscape are erased. Cultural-historical areas on the suburban fringes have to be protected from fragmentation, and at the municipal planning level there is a growing understanding of the necessity to see wider spatial areas as a planning unity. However, in order to be able to counteract strong forces working in different directions, there is an urgent need to develop long-term strategies for handling cultural-historical environments areas situated on the peripheries of the big cities.

Derechos económicos, sitios patrimoniales y comunidades: sostenibilidad y protección

Abstract: Recent studies have widely discussed cultural heritage and property rights, rights to knowledge for indigenous and local communities, human rights in relation to cultural heritage, as well as impact of tourism on local communities and sustainable development through cultural heritage and past materials. This paper raises the ethical issues of economic income from cultural heritage by addressing the issue of why local and indigenous communities should have the right to design their economic development and directly benefit through and from their local heritage. In this paper, I argue that, as part of their human rights, local and indigenous communities should have the right to decide how to develop and use their local heritage as an ‘economic resource’ and, furthermore, that the profit from heritage tourism (i.e., sites, museums) should return to local and indigenous communities. I will look at three archaeological/heritage sites and their associated local communities in Turkey in order to demonstrate the pitfalls of neglecting the communities’ rights to decide on local heritage and to directly benefit economically from the heritage sites. By using an economic rights-centered approach, I will address the potential benefits of acknowledging these aspects and offer sustainable solutions.

Intangible Cultural Heritage and Living Communities

Abstract: We had driven past this spot along US Highway 24 in a remote section of Graham County, Kansas (between Hill City and Stockton) many times without noticing the crumbling stone structure. But today, we stood in front of it listening to Florence and her sister Bertha Moore Carter tell us about their family’s homestead. Florence and her sister told stories of family life on the 160-acre homestead in the 1930s and 40s. They remembered the laughter that drifted from a neighbor’s parties, filling the air between homesteads, and told stories of hunting, farming and making a living on the Kansas plain. They recalled long walks to school, and summers spent with grandparents fishing and sewing. The sound of Bertha’s infectious laughter was compelling. My students from the University of South Florida Heritage Research Lab strained to hear her every word and encouraged her to share more about her father’s childhood home. We were in Nicodemus, Kansas in May 2011 as part of a National Park Service grant (J6068090024-H5000085095) to be a resource to the community and the park in heritage preservation efforts.

CAT--A Game for Extending Vocabulary and Knowledge of Allusions.

Abstract: The expression CULTURAL ACADEMIC TRIVIA refers to general knowledge derived from the common cultural heritage. This experience is stored in words and phrases used as common referents or allusions. The need for such referents may be easier to demonstrate than it is to explain. The students who first played this game, for example, thought it was most appropriate that the word "trivia" should appear in the title. They began to feel otherwise as their fund of information, vocabulary and allusions expanded.

Hacia una conservación arqueológica social en Barcelona

Abstract: This paper aims to explore the relationship between cultural policies and the inhanbitants that live surrounded by urban archaeological spaces in the centre of Barcelona, such as the area of Sotstinent Navarro. This study will focus on the concept of conservation on two perspectives. Firstly, how the role of conservation can be understood regarding heritage management. Secondly, how conservation itself can be discerned as a tool for social inclusion. I will also briefly analyse the Spanish state in relation to the concept of conservation and illustrate my analysis with examples of important archaeological urban landscapes of Barcelona. Throughout this text, I will analyze whether participation is a useful tool in heritage and how it has had different uses through time, analyzing the position of the different stakeholders on these processes. The analysis will be driven on the basis of different research lines of studies in cultural heritage but also on Public and Community archaeology, bridging those disciplines with what several authors have defined as the search of a social sustainability applied on our case to urban archaeological sites. This article will serve to develop a theoretical frame of future community-driven conservation management methodologies, applied to archaeological urban heritage plans as a measure to increase social benefits for the inhabitants.

Percepción ciudadana del patrimonio mundial y la arqueología en tres ciudades españolas: primeros casos de estudio

Abstract: This text presents a first methodological experience aimed at understanding the social perception of the archaeological dimension and of World Heritage (WH) in three Spanish cities. Firstly, the rationale behind this kind of study is considered as resulting from previous research performed. This research revealed that archaeological heritage is absent in many of the European and Latin-American cities inscribed in the WH list. Secondly, Alcala de Henares, Cordoba and Toledo, the three cities selected as case-studies, are briefly presented. All of them have developed archaeological heritage management strategies at least from the 1980’s onward; however, they are “less spectacular or socially recognized” than other “classical archaeological cities” in Spain. Thirdly, the methodology, composed of qualitative and quantitative techniques, is called into question since it is necessary to keep on working on it. Finally, the main results of each case study are compared and analyzed. Significantly, we observed a marked indifference among the inhabitants of these cities regarding the town’s archaeology and World Heritage. Additionally, there is an absolute disconnect between expert and the lay people visions. Consequently, it was necessary to reflect upon the problem and to perform (sometimes even more recurrently) social-perception studies to bridge the gap between both visions and to justify the efforts made to preserve and study Cultural Heritage.

“teori diri” sebuah tafsir makna simbolik (pendekatan teori dramaturgi erving goffman)

Abstract: When humans interact each other, he wanted to manage the impression that he hopes will grow on otherpeople to it. Goffman's dramaturgy approach views that every person doing the show for others. Dramaturgy theoryapproach also attempts to connect action with its meaning, and behavior with the determinant. In view of the dramaturgyof social life, the meaning is not the cultural heritage, socialization, or institutional arrangement, the embodiment ofpsychological and biological potency, but the achievement of problematic human interactions. The meaning of a symbol,appearance or behavior is entirely versatile as possible, while, and are situational. Focus of dramaturgy approach is not whatpeople are doing, what they want to do, or why they do, but how they do it.

Hembygd – a concept and its ambiguities

Abstract: One popular movement, the 'hembygd'-movement, has been a particularly dynamic force in shaping Swedish attitudes towards museums and cultural heritage. The movement was born in the first decades of the 20th century, it attracted young people and it soon had spread throughout the country. It has undoubtedly had a profound impact, but it has been only superficially studied. The aim of this paper is to contribute to an understanding of how the past, in terms of cultural heritage, tradition and native district, has been used in the creation of our modern Swedish society. The past is explicitly used for the construction of the future and the process could be described as «Cultural and Environmental Recycling».

Una perspectiva desde el campo: enfrentando el dilema de seguir la Carta para la Interpretación y Presentación de Sitios Patrimonio Cultural en el caso de Tell Balata, Palestina

Abstract: Contemporary archaeologists and heritage managers are considered to have a responsibility towards their various publics and stakeholders. They are, more than ever, expected to strive for social inclusion, to take a variety of heritage values into account, to engage with the public, to consider heritage as a driver for development, to respect cultural human rights, etc. Various international conventions and charters, such as the ICOMOS 2008 Charter for the Interpretation and Presentation of Cultural Heritage Sites, aim to stimulate and assist us in our efforts to achieve these objectives. Moreover, we have numerous handbooks, guidebooks and journals at our disposal that provide us with the latest experiences and the best of practices. But what if the local situation a heritage manager or archaeologist is working in makes it very hard or almost impossible to apply the cardinal principles of one or more of these charters, conventions, codes of conduct, standards etc.? Basically, these doctrines tend to be optimistic and positivist, in a sense that they emanate the engineering of the heritage domain through top-down instruction of archaeologists or heritage managers with (practical) recommendations, but often there is a large gap between theory and practice, between the generally accepted standards and norms we are expected to follow and the situation on the ground. This dilemma will be discussed in relation to the challenges of the Tell Balata Archaeological Park project in Palestine, where it is almost impossible to comply with such professional standards and to follow the 2008 ICOMOS Charter due to the political, social, and economic situation.

Gákti ja goahti. Heritage work and identity at Várdobáiki Museum

Abstract: The legacy of the harsh assimilation policy in Norway – fornorskingen – has resulted in a loss of language, cultural heritage and corresponding identities for many within the Sami population. Helped along in particular by the practice of late nineteenth and twentieth-century ethnographic and cultural-history museums, the culture of Norway has often been presented as a singular culture with few, if any, references to the Sami. Only in the last few decades have any attempts been made to rectify this image. In this article, I show how the Sami communities have appropriated the tools of assimilation – i.e. museums – and used them to counteract its effects. I focus on the work of indigenous museums in one geographical area – the counties of Nordland and Troms – and the Marke- Sami population and culture within this area. Using the Marke-Sami community as my starting point I show how the use of local and traditional knowledge alongside heritage work in museums helps form a sense of local ownership of the Marke-Sami culture and an entitlement to participate in the creation of modern Marke-Sami identities amongst the local Marke-Sami population.

Structural Change, Cultural Heritage And Place

Abstract: In the last few decades, many cities have experienced structural change with deindustrialisation and public closure as a result. Strategies for regeneration include investments in infrastructures f ...

Gjenstander og meninger i det post-koloniale museet. Kontaktsoner og autoetnografi

Abstract: James Clifford has proposed looking at museums as contact zones, where different knowledge systems meet In a collaborative project between Alta Museum and Alta Secondary School in Finnmark, Norway, the museum made an attempt to open up the power relationship between the museum and students and families by giving space in the exhibitions to “private” objects and stories from everyday life In this article, I discuss the opportunities and constraints associated with opening up the museum’s methodology for the objects and meanings that “the others” have considered worthy of preservation I argue that the changing structures of museum practice may lead to new reflections on history and heritage in a museum context, and to the democratization of public cultural heritage production

The Actual Situation Of Photogrammetry AndSurveying Of Monuments

Abstract: On the basis of the rapid development of computer and software, economical and intelligent technologies for documentation and surveying of historical buildings were developed. The experience from projects such as the Frauenkirche Dresden, the cathedrale of Siena, the palace of Gustrow ore the castle of Tirol shows that different methods should be used for a high quality and economy of the results. Because of the expensive investments often involved today, surveying is in most cases handled by specialists. Of great importance is a good cooperation between architects, historians and other experts. 1 The conservation of monuments requires a reliable knowledge of these monuments! For all people who feel bound to the protection and preservation of the cultural heritage and to the conservation of historical buildings, this introducing sentence is a matter of course. Immense public and private funds are made available for the rehabilitation of monuments. In view of the general pressure of costs, it is however very tempting to save money in the surveying of the buildings and the preparatory investigations. However, in the final analysis this decision often turns out to be the more expensive way. The heading of this contribution should be actually supplemented by a nearly identical one: Efficient building requires a reliable knowledge of the existing substance of the building structure! This experience is not new. The investments made in a good survey of the buildings are ultimately cost-saving. Replanning work, stoppage of the construction work due to unforeseen situations or even necessary modifications in the construction may cause costs which considerably exceed those of a proper element survey. Here, of course, the questions are raised how a correct building Transactions on the Built Environment vol 39 © 1999 WIT Press, www.witpress.com, ISSN 1743-3509

The Tomb od a Prelate from the Crusader Period in Jaffa and Five Fragments of an Ophistographic Marble Slab in the Ustinow Collection in Oslo

Abstract: This paper throws light on one of the important invisibilia in the Ustinow collection in Oslo: a marble fragment of a prelate’s tombstone from Jaffa with incised pictorial decoration, dated to 1258 by the Gothic inscription in Latin, and a Cufic dedication table for a mosque on the rear side of the slab. In modern literature the Crusader tombstone is always discussed referring to 19th-century publications without photographic documentation. Consequently, the monument and related items from the Ustinow collection are never mentioned in the University Museum of Cultural Heritage in Oslo, which is the present owner. Moreover, many allusions in the literature contain erroneous, contradictory or incomplete information. In 1999 three new pieces of the tombstone were detected in the museum storage. Except for a small and insignificant fragment, the marble slab is now almost identical with the casual find in 1873, as it is shown in M. Lecomte’s contemporary drawing. This rediscovery gives us a new chance of studying the original slab in detail and correcting errors and confusions in earlier publications. Even the high artistic quality of the pictorial decoration can for the first time be fully recognized since Clermont-Ganneau’s early publications, and a new attempt will be made to find the relevant iconographic, art historical and historical contexts for the monument. There are many convincing indications that the Crusaders tombstone has to be connected to the French king Saint Louis IX’s Crusade and stay in Jaffa in 1252-1253. To answer the question of exact provenance a specialist in Cufic inscriptions has to re-examine the problems concerning the dedication of a mosque incised on the rear of the slab and the date of it.

Pengembangan pariwisata berkelanjutan berbasis subak sebagai bagian warisan budaya dunia unesco di desa mengesta kabupaten tabanan

Abstract: As part of the cultural landscape of Bali, UNESCO World CulturalHeritage, Mengesta village in Tabanan district has a variety ofnatural and cultural potentials that can be developed as touristattractions, including agricultural and its irigation system(subak) These can be managed properly in order to get benefitsfrom tourism economy This study analysis the development ofsustainable tourism based on subak in the Mengesta village Theresearch applied qualitative and quantitative approaches Thestudy shows that subak has important and strategic position soit should be preserved in line with the objective of its designationas Word Cultural Heritage However, the benefits of subak as aWorld Cultural Heritage have not been optimally perceived by thecommunity in relation to the development of sustainable tourismin the village of Mengesta Only a small proportion of people whoenjoy the benefits of the status of subak as World Cultural Heritagein the context of tourism development It is hoped that both thedistrict and provincial governments help the community throughfunding and setting up regulations so that the development ofsubak as tourist attraction can be improved while keeping itssustainability

Med historien i byen - kulturarv som smartphone apps

Abstract: EMBEDDED CITY HISTORIES: CULTURAL HERITAGE AS SMARTPHONE APPS | A number of city museums and cultural heritage institutions have during the recent years developed various combinations of internet sites and smartphone apps, through which the users are guided to places of cultural interest and offered information about them. The article presents four different Danish cultural heritage smartphone apps developed and launched during the recent years, and examine the stated intentions and motivations compared to the actual content of the digital sites. It is argued that priority is given rather to affective communication and the communication of ordinary people’s everyday stories than to factual knowledge, but also that the level of participation is low. Within a theoretical framework of experience economy, mobility and affect theory, I argue that the digital and mobile museum communication has a participatory and democratic potential but needs to balance this ambition in relation to the agendas of experience economy and commercial place branding.

Choices, Choices, Choices! Peak Experiences from the Afro-American Heritage

Abstract: “I want to know more of who I am. What are my roots? What can give meaning to my life?” a black child asks. Here is an amazing kaleidoscope of the answers sought in a hypothetical classroom—symbols of black pride and of a glorious cultural heritage that is being rediscovered. “The Richness of diversity is to be cherished” indeed.

Reading Genesis and the Fourth Commandment

Abstract: Every individual and every community has a continually changing perception of itself. One of the central tasks in society for memorial or cultural heritage organizations is to assist in the construction of that perception.

The grassroots campaign to establish an International Sonoran Desert Biosphere Reserve

Abstract: Conservationists have called the western Sonoran Desert the "largest intact arid ecosystem in the world." Yet across the USJMexico border and within each country, the region suffers from both ecological and administrative fragmentation. In the early 1990s, a group of grassroots conservationists, Native Americans, and government personnel established the International Sonoran Desert Alliance (ISDA), a tricultural/trinational network whose stated mission was to "promote environmentally sustainable and culturally sound economic development while protecting the natural and cultural heritage of the western Sonoran Desert US-Mexico border region." ISDA's principal focus was to establish "biosphere reserve" planning and management in the region. Although an International Sonoran Desert Biosphere Reserve has yet to be established (and does not appear at all likely to be established in the foreseeable future), ISDA had a significant effect both in increasing local participation in land management issues and in directing land management towards conservation purposes.