Showing papers on "Cultural heritage published in 1988"

Autenticidade, memória e ideologias nacionais: o problema dos patrimônios culturais

Abstract: The problem of cultural heritages and their role in the symbolic construction of the idea of nation is discussed. 'Nation' is seen as a category which effects the modern idea of the individual, on the collective plane. In modern national contexts, these heritages are interpreted as objectified forms of culture through which a certain idea of nation is individualized and substantiated. In this process of individualization and substantiation, the categories of authenticity and memory play a crucial role. In the text of cultural heritage, these categories make it possible to believe in the reality of the nation as an individualized entity, possessing precise territorial and cultural boundaries and displaying continuity in time. In other words, authenticity and memory are interpreted as rhetorical strategies through which a nation gains an identity and a past. A comparative look is taken at the Brazilian and American experiences in historical preservation, with the purpose of explaining the fictional nature of so called national heritages through reference to distinct conceptions of authenticity and memory.

The Birth of Heritage: ‘Le moment Guizot’

Abstract: In Europe today, the concept of heritage* has become spectacularly topical, a topicality promoted by investment from interested parties in financial, political and intellectual quarters. Various studies have shown the social effects that a given act of protection (or 'classification', according to Bourdieu) can produce in the urban fabric.1 Other writers have denounced the ideological, directly political character of such celebrations of the national cultural heritage, especially on the occasion of 'I'Annee du Patrimoine' (Heritage Year), going beyond the 'Jacobin' or Left tradition of such criticism.2 And, very recently, the recognition of tourism's and the media's whole-hearted exploitation of the spectacle of heritage has provoked a series of critical essays and a cultural geography of the phenomenon, although with a bias towards America.3 In parallel, within the universities, the premises of a modern, contemporary archaeology, clearly linked to industrial archaeology, are being worked out with the ambition of dominating the elusive discourse of heritage.4

Beyond Deduction: Ampliative Aspects of Philosophical Reflection

Abstract: Part I: Introduction 1. Indigenous Knowledge Systems and Sustainable Development: The Search for Alternative Paradigms 2. Disappearing Ecosystems, Land, People and Languages Part II: Historical Contextualization 3. Nature Conservation: Beginnings, History, Trends 4. Cultural Heritage Conservation: From Objects to Landscapes 5. Museums: An Evolving Notion Part III: Towards an Alternative Conservation/Development Paradigm 6. Revisiting Indigenous Epistemology 7. Ecosemiotic Community Museology 8. ECM: From Definition to a Road Map Part IV: Interfacing in a Globalizing World 9. Cross-cultural Knowledge Integration in a Globalizing World 10. The Role of ICTs in Conservation of Indigenous Heritage 11. Introducing Issues around Indigenous Intellectual Property Rights Part V: Strengthening the Case: Case Studies and Conclusions 12. Case Studies and Conclusions

Culture and Region: A Multidimensional Evaluation of Monuments

Abstract: The issue of assessing the compound socioeconomic and historicocultural values of monuments is addressed. Monuments are part of the historical and cultural heritage of a country, region, or city. They are a potential source of economic development (for example, by means of tourism), but they also have their own indigenous value. A plea is made for planning for preservation of the cultural heritage by emphasizing the intangible attributes of urban monuments. In this context, the notion of option value plays an important role. The actual compound evaluation of cultural monuments, based on both user value and option value, is then undertaken by means of a recently developed multicriteria technique for qualitative assessment, namely the regime method. The method is briefly described and next applied to evaluate the socioeconomic and functional-urban value as well as the historicocultural value of twenty churches in the city of Thessaloniki. The results are presented in visual form by means of bar charts perta...

The Grand Generation

Abstract: A portrait of six older Americans, each with their roots in a unique cultural heritage and each with a powerful perspective on the nature of aging.

Restaurar monumentos, una metodología específica

Abstract: The most andent specific department in charge of the conservation of monuments in Spain was created by the Diputacion of Barcelona in 1914. Between 1915 and 1951 this department was directed by the reputable architect Jeroni Martorell. Since 1981 the basic aim of this department, ran by Antoni Gonzalez, has been the formulation of a new methodology of action in the historical architecture, based on the specification of the cultural heritage unit. This specification was derived from the double consideration of the monument: as a historical document and as an alive architectonic object (with a valid collective use and signification). This methodology is based on the interdisciplinary collaboration, on the scientific severity and on the pragmatism of the analysis of the monument and of the action and, at last, on the reliance on the expressive and significative capacity of the contemporary architecture.

Conserving Nature and Antiquity

Abstract: The heritages of the natural and of the man-made environment exhibit remarkable parallels along with instructive differences. Campaigns to conserve nature and to preserve remnants of antiquity have become increasingly linked in content and in opposing forces. This essay traces the careers of these two campaigns, explains how and why they converge or diverge, and offers a critique of their rationales and effectiveness.

Can the National Park Service cope

Abstract: SINCE the late 19th century, Americans have had a love affair with the national parks. Not only the well-known places like Yellowstone, the Statue of Liberty, and the Grand Canyon, but such equally diverse and spectacular sites as Big Bend, Mesa Verde, and Valley Forge have touched us. In the early 1930s and thereafter, when historic areas were added to the national park system, people realized that the national parks could represent the nation's cultural heritage as well as its natural heritage. From the mid-1960s on, when Congress began to add significant numbers of new areas, particularly in the East, and primarily to serve the growing urban populations, the national park system became a concept that could truly benefit all Americans. Although the system will never be “complete,” it cannot and should not be expected to incorporate every area needing protection and wise management. Appropriate areas of national significance certainly should be added, and areas of less significance should be protected by other public agencies or private organizations. Units of the national park system are the most protected public lands in the nation. Yet they face major threats from conditions and activities both within …

An Unrecognised Resource: The Cultural Heritage Value of Coastal Landscapes

Abstract: The cultural landscape is a neglected part of the nation’s heritage which has not figured in resource assessment and in plans for use of the coast. Jim Russell argues that agencies responsible for the coast need to alert themselves to the importance of cultural and historical values in the landscape.

Analysis of a Ukrainian thatched barn

Abstract: In the summer of 1978 an early 20th century Ukrainian stable was moved to the Ukrainian Cultural Heritage Village site (Alberta, Canada), where it was to be restored. Information gathered from the detailed analysis of the collapsed building, for use in reconstruction, includes detailed drawings of the roof framing and thatching techniques. Photographs. -- ICCROM

Jungles, mountains, and islands. How tourism can help conserve the natural heritage.

Abstract: (1989). Jungles, Mountains, and Islands: How Tourism Can Help Conserve the Natural Heritage. World Leisure & Recreation: Vol. 31, No. 4, pp. 29-39.

Museums and Public Law

Abstract: The article tackles the problem of the legal measures aiming to protect the cultural and historical heritage. The Legal act of 15th February 1962 on the Protection of the Goods of Culture and Museums, nevertheless novelized, still leaves the place for improvement. First of all, its definitions are not precise and legible (ex. evident cultural goods). Secondly, the supremacy of the state economy over cultural functions results in using the historical objects, nationalized after 1946, regardless their historical values. Thirdly, the museums’ deposits are endangered by lack of proper organization, since the emphasis is put on the expositional function of the museums and not on the other important functions as: storage, conservation and inventorying, cataloguing and gathering documentation. Moreover, the role of the museums is often underestimated, both by the government and by the public. The Law of 26th April 1984 on popularisation of culture and culture popularising employees’ rights and obligations determines the educative role of museums, but the main problem identified is lack of financial and infrastructural resources. The space of the museums is too small to accommodate both the exhibitions and storage of goods and insufficient salaries are not motivating the employees to devote to their work. What’s more, the main, national museums are overcrowded, while the local ones are empty. The significant for the museum’s proper operating is evaluation of possessed pieces of art. The criteria taken into account during the evaluation process are listed and analysed in the further part of the article. Among them we find: historical (basing on age and hence rarity), artistic (strictly connected with the sense of beauty), scientific (being potential objects of research), cultural (importance for cultural heritage and social growth) and material (value measurable in means of payment) value. Other question raised in the article, is extremely extended protection of every good that is considered to have a museum value. In practice, it causes the prohibition of export of every good produced before the 9th May 1945, regardless its real value, without special licence obtained from the Minister of Culture and Art. It concerns also goods owned by private persons. The conclusion of the article highlights that public administration may interfere in culture only in a very limited sphere and it is essential to create self-managing local museums. The second conclusion is the public law’s influence should be limited to the regulation of the management problems, testing of employees and experts and the responsibility for the treasure owned by public institutions.