scispace - formally typeset
Search or ask a question

Showing papers on "Cultural heritage published in 1997"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This article examines the way family and kinship patterns change in the process of immigration — and why and emphasizes the way first generation immigrants to the United States fuse together the old and new to create a new kind of family life.
Abstract: "This article examines the way family and kinship patterns change in the process of immigration--and why. Offering an interpretative synthesis, it emphasizes the way first generation immigrants to the United States fuse together the old and new to create a new kind of family life. The family is seen as a place where there is a dynamic interplay between structure, culture, and agency. New immigrant family patterns are shaped by cultural meanings and social practices immigrants bring with them from their home countries as well as social, economic and cultural forces in the United States."

393 citations


Book
01 Jan 1997
TL;DR: Tickell as mentioned in this paper discusses the culture of cities, sustainable cities and sustainable architecture in London: The Humanist City and Cities for a Small Planet, London, United Kingdom, UK.
Abstract: * Introduction Sir Crispin Tickell * The Culture of Cities * Sustainable Cities * Sustainable Architecture * London: The Humanist City * Cities for a Small Planet

351 citations



Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the characteristics and trends of the contemporary utilization of the medieval pilgrimage routes to the Galician shrine of Santiago de Compostela and distinguished between the differing tourist sub-markets and their contrasting motivations in consuming this heritage complex.

162 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The authors explored the relationship between language and cultural identity as manifested in the language socialization practices of four Mexican-descent families: two in northern California and two in south Texas, and found that parents in all of the families endorsed Spanish maintenance and spoke of the language as an important aspect of their sense of cultural identity.
Abstract: This article explores the relationship between language and cultural identity as manifested in the language socialization practices of four Mexican-descent families: two in northern California and two in south Texas. The analysis considers both the patterns of meaning suggested by the use of Spanish and English in the speech and literacy performances of four focal children as well as family and dominant societal ideologies concerning the symbolic importance of the two languages, the way language learning occurs, and the role of schooling—all frameworks in which the children's linguistic behaviors were embedded. All four focal children defined themselves in terms of allegiance to their Mexican or Mexican American cultural heritage. However, the families were oriented differently to the Spanish language as a vehicle for affirmation of this commonly articulated group identity. The differences are emblematic of stances taken in a larger cultural and political debate over the terms of Latino participation in U.S. society. Parents in all of the families endorsed Spanish maintenance and spoke of the language as an important aspect of their sense of cultural identity. Only two of the families, however, pursued aggressive home maintenance strategies. Of the other two families, one used a protocol combining some Spanish use in the home with instruction from Spanish-speaking relatives, whereas the family that had moved most fully into the middle class was the least successful in the intergenerational transmission of Spanish, despite a commitment to cultural maintenance.

156 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the development of Haw Par Villa as a philanthropic gift for leisure among locals to its revisioning by private enterprise and by the national tourism board as a commercial venture is outlined.

131 citations



Book
10 Dec 1997
TL;DR: In this paper, the concepts of the Common Heritage of Mankind and its application in international law are discussed, and the legal status of the common heritage of Mankind is discussed. But they do not discuss the application of this concept in the law of the sea.
Abstract: Abbreviations. Table of Treaties. Introduction. Part I: The Conceptual Foundations of the Concept of the Common Heritage of Mankind. 1. Philosophical Bases. 2. The Vocabulary of the Common Heritage of Mankind. 3. The Elements of the Common Heritage of Mankind. 4. Stewardship Sovereignty and Mankind. Part II: The Application of the Common Heritage of Mankind in International Law. 5. Outer Space and the Common Heritage of Mankind. 6. The Law of the Sea and the Common Heritage of Mankind. 7. Antarctica and the Common Heritage of Mankind. 8. International Environmental Law and the Common Heritage of Mankind. 9. International Human Rights Law and the Common Heritage of Mankind. 10. The Legal Status of the Common Heritage of Mankind. Appraisal. Selected Bibliography. Index.

123 citations


BookDOI
01 Jan 1997
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present an overview of the economic aspects of the preservation of cultural heritage, including tax policies and preservation policies, as well as the history of the Benedettini Monastery case.
Abstract: Preface - Notes on Contributors - PART 1: INTRODUCTION - Economic Perspectives on Cultural Heritage: An Introduction M.Hutter - PART 2: THE CONSTRUCTION OF HERITAGE: THEORETICAL DIMENSIONS - Seven Questions in the Economics of Cultural Heritage D.Throsby - The Evaluation of Cultural Heritage: Some Critical Issues B.S.Frey - Optimizing the Use of Cultural Heritage C.Koboldt - The Value of Cultural Heritage A.Klamer - PART 3: HERITAGE REGULATION: REGIMES, CASES AND EFFECTS - The Political Economy of Rehabilitation: the Case of the Benedettini Monastery G.Pignataro & I.Rizzo - Cultural Heritage and Preservation Policies: Notes on the History of the Italian Case G.Guerzoni - The Development of British Policy on Built Heritage Preservation S.Creigh-Tyte - Features and Recent Developments of Cultural Heritage Policy in Japan Y.Kurabayashi - Tax Policies and Cultural Heritage D.Netzer - PART 4: HERITAGE POLICY: EXPERIMENTS AND PROPOSALS - Privatization Policies in Venice G.Mossetto - Conserving Historic Monuments in France: a Critique of Official Policies F.Benhamou - Towards a European Market for Arts and Culture Goods: Some Proposals F.Forte - Towards a Workable Heritage Policy A.Peacock - Conference Participants - Index

106 citations


Book
01 Jan 1997
TL;DR: English Heritage is Born: 1882-1940 as mentioned in this paper The English Architectural Heritage at Work (EHAT) is a collection of 19th-century plans for the preservation of historic buildings.
Abstract: Introductin. Part1: 1882-1940. Origins. Ancient Monuments. Planning. Demolition and Inaction 1900-1940. Part 2: 1940-1975. Prelude. The New System. Implementing the New Acts. Conservation for Some. A Policy Vacuum. A New Policy Approach. Ministers Make Policy. The Policy Momentum. Continuity of Policy. European Architectural Heritage Year. Part 3: Churches. Part4: 1976-1995. Prelude. English Heritage is Born. English Heritage at Work. Select Committee. Prioritizing the Heritage. Advice and Doctrine. Sustainable Conservation. Index.

93 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This paper argued that cultural, heritage, scientific and community collections do not satisfy the definition of and recognition criteria for assets; there is no demand for such information by users of general-purpose financial reports; the cost of preparing the information would outweigh the benefits; and recognition of these collections is not in accordance with generally accepted accounting practice.
Abstract: An article by Carnegie and Wolnizer in Australian Accounting Review argued that “it is not technically proper to recognise cultural, heritage and scientific collections as assets for financial reporting purposes”. The reasons included the following: cultural, heritage, scientific and community collections do not satisfy the definition of and recognition criteria for assets; there is no demand for such information by users of general-purpose financial reports; the cost of preparing the information would outweigh the benefits; and recognition of these collections is not in accordance with generally accepted accounting practice. This article analyses these arguments and generally does not find support for them.


Book ChapterDOI
01 Jan 1997
TL;DR: In this article, the authors evaluate the value of the cultural heritage (compared with relevant alternatives) in order to make decisions on preserving art objects and art institutions and present a solution to this problem.
Abstract: Decisions on preserving art objects and art institutions are continually taken by governments and public administrations. Preservation implies maintaining the stock and hindering its dilapidation and worsening. Keeping up the stock creates opportunity cost as the resources involved (labour and material inputs, and in the case of historic monuments especially the sites) could be used for alternative purposes. Current funds are needed to repair and safeguard the objects. In order to take these decisions rationally an evaluation of the value of the cultural heritage (compared with relevant alternatives) is required.

Book ChapterDOI
TL;DR: The protection and conservation of cultural heritage, whether it is in the form of archaeological sites, artefacts, buildings, groups of buildings, works of art, or whatever else, has long been a matter that has lain beyond the reach or interest of economics as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The protection and conservation of cultural heritage, whether it is in the form of archaeological sites, artefacts, buildings, groups of buildings, works of art, or whatever else, has long been a matter that has lain beyond the reach or interest of economics. Decisions as to what should be characterized as heritage, how much of it is worth keeping, and how resources should be utilized in maintaining it, have been largely the province of experts: archaeologists, art historians, architects and others. Yet it need hardly be pointed out that such decisions have economic ramifications, and it is scarcely surprising that economists and policy analysts have begun to turn their attention to this field.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors summarized the results of an analysis of differing usages of the concept of "cultural landscape" and related concepts in Norwegian and Nordic government policy and applied research documents, indicating how inconsistent or unclear use of concepts can hinder interdisciplinary and intersectorial communication.
Abstract: This paper summarizes the results of an analysis of differing usages of the concept of “cultural landscape” and related concepts in Norwegian and Nordic government policy and applied research documents. The analysis indicates how inconsistent or unclear use of concepts can hinder interdisciplinary and intersectorial communication. The role of rhetoric, the changing usage of concepts over time and different value loadings for similar concepts are exemplified. Confusion arises partly because previously separate academic discourses, based on separate but overlapping sets of values, have come together in a common discourse promoted by the application of research to government policy. The principal participants in this discourse are agricultural interests, nature conservation interests, cultural heritage interests and local planning interests.

Book
01 Jan 1997
TL;DR: A Brief History of the Two Laredos172Early Baseball on the Border323 Nationalizing the Game66Pt. 3The River Joins and the River Divides17161993: The Best of Times17371994: The Worst of Times204Acknowledgments239Appendix ABibliographic Essay: Border and Nationalisms243Appendix BMethods and Perspective260Notes267Index289 as mentioned in this paper
Abstract: PrefaceIntroduction3Pt. 1Origins151A Brief History of the Two Laredos172Early Baseball on the Border323Nationalizing the Game66Pt. 2Becoming Tecos1154The Players and the Team1175Culture and Masculinity on the Tecos151Pt. 3The River Joins and the River Divides17161993: The Best of Times17371994: The Worst of Times204Acknowledgments239Appendix ABibliographic Essay: Border and Nationalisms243Appendix BMethods and Perspective260Notes267Index289

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The management of cultural heritage places is compared with natural area management as mentioned in this paper, and the conservation strategy for natural systems of acquiring the highly significant, as well as representative samples of biogeography in protected areas has lessons for heritage conservation.
Abstract: The management of cultural heritage places is compared with natural area management. Differences stem from the disciplines of the managers, and that cultural heritage resources are non‐renewable. In the conservation of cultural resources there is a strong reliance on preservation, and the exclusion of activities which may reduce heritage value. This results in a tendency to remove heritage sites and items from the experience of the community which ‘owns’ the heritage. The conservation strategy for natural systems of acquiring the highly significant, as well as representative samples of biogeography in protected areas has lessons for heritage conservation. At the site level, heritage management rarely uses the range of tools potentially available, largely because of the reliance and emphasis on preservation. The paper proposes that greater community acceptance of heritage conservation will result in a more definitive expression of value and significance, and in tying this to function. Tools to man...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss the application of contingent valuation on the arts and related problems, and combine the evaluation methods with democratic decisions by referenda, and present an example of referenda held on art policy.
Abstract: The preservation of cultural heritage is costly and one has to decide if and which items of cultural heritage are worth preserving. A method for determining the value of cultural heritage is therefore needed. In economics, several evaluation procedures are applied. This article briefly comments on impact studies and willingness- to-pay studies (hedonic market approach and the travel cost approach) and then focuses on contingent valuation surveys. The application of contingent valuation on the arts and related problems are discussed. Finally, the article combines the evaluation methods with democratic decisions by referenda. Switzerland presents an example of referenda held on art policy.



Book
01 Jan 1997
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss the risks to Architectural Heritage Structural Behaviour and Durability of Stone Masonry's Nondestructive Test Methods Applicable to Historic Stone Structures Methodologies for Evaluation of Treatment Options New Materials and Approaches for the Conservation of Stone The Methods for the Evaluation of Stone Conservation Treatments Ethical Considerations in the Selection of Treatment The Conservation of Historic Stone Monuments and Environmental Policy Aspects of Economic Valuation of Cultural Heritage Managing Stone Monument Air Pollution Standards for Architectural Conservation.
Abstract: Moisture Cycles and Stone Degradation Biodeterioration Risk Factors and their Management Development of Air Pollution Damage Functions Perspectives on Risks to Architectural Heritage Structural Behaviour and Durability of Stone Masonry's Nondestructive Test Methods Applicable to Historic Stone Structures Methodologies for the Evaluation of Treatment Options New Materials and Approaches for the Conservation of Stone The Methods for the Evaluation of Stone Conservation Treatments Ethical Considerations in the Selection of Treatment The Conservation of Historic Stone Monuments and Environmental Policy Aspects of Economic Valuation of Cultural Heritage Managing Stone Monuments Air Pollution Standards for Architectural Conservation.

Journal ArticleDOI
Douglas Pocock1
01 Sep 1997-Area
TL;DR: The dichotomous definition of heritage has found decreasing support in practice and occasioned changes in the original Operational Guidelines for implementing the World Heritage Convention in 1972 as discussed by the authors, leading to the need for a new interpretation of heritage.
Abstract: Summary This paper presents some initial reflections on the emergence of the World Heritage Convention in 1972, the significance of the appellation ‘world’ and the interpretation of ‘heritage’. The dichotomous definition of heritage has found decreasing support in practice and occasioned changes in the original Operational Guidelines for implementing the Convention.

Posted Content
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examine the pedagogical function business plans played in the provincial museums and cultural heritage sites of Alberta, Canada, and argue that an enriched view of power, in the form of symbolic violence, is central.
Abstract: Language and power are central to an understanding of control. This paper uses the work of Pierre Bourdieu to argue that an enriched view of power, in the form of symbolic violence, is central. We examine the pedagogical function business plans played in the provincial museums and cultural heritage sites of Alberta, Canada. The struggle to name and legitimate practices occurs in the business planning process, excluding some knowledges and practices and teaching and utilizing other knowledges and ways of viewing the organization. We show that control involves both redirecting work and changing the identity of producers, in particular, how they understand their work through the construction of markets, consumers, and products. This process works by changing the capital, in its multiple forms-symbolic, cultural, political and economic-in an organizational and institutional field.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the role of exotic imagery as an ideological force in the international political arena is discussed and the paradox of primitivism is explored. And the authors conclude that exotic imagery, while effective as political agency, may pervert the cultural heritage that indigenous peoples are committed to preserving.
Abstract: Indigenous peoples are increasingly interested in the making of cultural survival films. This text explores the cinematic borderland where indigenous communities, action anthropologists, and committed filmmakers jointly operate in the production of such native rights documentaries. Considering the role of exotic imagery as an ideological force in the international political arena, the paper identifies and explores the paradox of primitivism. Comparing films to tribal masks, it discusses how indigenous peoples deal with the challenge and opportunity of such imagery. Offering examples of two tribal film projects, with Mi'kmaqs and Apaches, it concludes that exotic imagery, while effective (perhaps even essential) as political agency, may pervert the cultural heritage that indigenous peoples are committed to preserving.

Journal ArticleDOI
Phillip Hone1
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present the case for valuing public collections and analyses alternative valuation procedures and conclude that the valuation of public collections is an essential component of any sound system of management of the resources applied to the running of activities such as public museums and art galleries.
Abstract: The Australian community devotes substantial resources to building and maintaining public collections, such as its public museums and galleries. There has been comment in this journal and elsewhere on the case for placing a financial value on cultural, heritage and scientific collections. In this paper the framework proposed by Carnegie and Wolnizer (1995) is extended to show that the valuation of the service flows that come from public collections is not only feasible; it is also desirable from a public management perspective. The paper presents the case for valuing public collections and analyses alternative valuation procedures. It concludes that the valuation of public collections is an essential component of any sound system of management of the resources applied to the running of activities such as public museums and art galleries.

Book ChapterDOI
01 Jan 1997
TL;DR: In this article, the authors focus on the costs and benefits that arise from inherited works of art and architecture, from the preservation of knowledge about a society and its history for future generations, or from a set of shared norms and ideals that are essential for the working of a community.
Abstract: ‘Optimizing the Use of Cultural Heritage’ is a title that may provoke misunderstandings. It is therefore worthwhile to start by indicating what will not be addressed here. This chapter will not give an in-depth analysis of the costs and benefits that arise from inherited works of art and architecture, from the preservation of knowledge about a society and its history for future generations, or from a set of shared norms and ideals that are essential for the working of a community. Neither will it tackle the problem of how these costs and benefits can be measured,2 nor how strategic incentives to misrepresent individual valuation can be overcome.3

Journal ArticleDOI
Ruth McManus1
TL;DR: In this article, the main features of heritage, its importance to the Irish tourism industry, and some of the issues which arise when heritage is developed for tourism purposes are discussed, as well as recent developments in the Boyne Valley as an illustration of current approaches to heritage management issues.
Abstract: With the opening of the long-awaited Boyne Valley Centre in Summer 1997. the time has perhaps come to reassess the relationship between heritage and tourism in Ireland. In recent years, particularly since the start of the 1990s, there has been considerable debate and controversy about heritage issues, illustrating a high degree of public interest in the Held. This paper outlines the main features of heritage, its importance to the Irish tourism industry, and some of the issues which arise when heritage is developed for tourism purposes. It considers recent developments in the Boyne Valley as an illustration of current approaches to heritage management issues.


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examine a major land-use conflict, between economic development interests and a grass-roots preservation movement with links to the national opposition party, to assess how preservation activists mobilised place-based constructions of cultural identity and representations of state nationalism to halt development plans for a historic landscape.
Abstract: In Malaysia under state-led economic restructuring, government interventions in cultural heritage landscapes reflect divergent priorities between local place-based conservation interests and forces of political and economic restructuring at broader spatial scales. I examine a major land-use conflict, between economic development interests and a grass-roots preservation movement with links to the national opposition party, to assess how preservation activists mobilised place-based constructions of cultural identity and representations of state nationalism to halt development plans for a historic landscape, These issues arc examined by negotiating the relationship between locally based cultures of place, and political and economic forces seeking to appropriate space, in a piece of historic land in Melaka, Malaysia. I work through two lines of approach. The theoretical framework applies Lefebvre's work on spatial processes and spatial categories to conceptualise the significance of the historic landscape, an...

Book
01 Jan 1997
TL;DR: In this article, the contestation and perspective of sacred sites or profane buildings in Southeast Asian cities has been discussed, focusing on the Old Swan Brewery conflict in Perth, Western Australia and foreign influences upon the townscape of Seoul, Korea.
Abstract: Introduction - contested urban heritage colonial and post-colonial urbanism in north-west Borneo contesting heritage in a South African city - Cape Town the urban heritage of island colonial cities in the Indian Ocean - conservation and contestation erasing memory, inventing tradition, rewriting history - planning as a tool of ideology sacredscape and urban heritage in India - contestation and perspective sacred sites or profane buildings? - reflections on the Old Swan Brewery conflict in Perth, Western Australia foreign influences upon the townscape of Seoul, Korea urban heritage, development and tourism in Southeast Asian cities - a contestation continuum.