Showing papers on "Cultural heritage published in 1999"
TL;DR: This article identified how British tourists affirmed authenticity through visiting socio-industrial cultural heritage attractions Survey findings of 1,200 interviews with domestic tourists visiting three major British period theme parks highlighted the diversity of perceived authenticity gained by them and showed the importance of experiential and emotive processes in their interaction with attraction settings.
473 citations
TL;DR: The significance of early response to chemotherapy as measured by MDF in predicting clinical outcome in childhood AML is demonstrated and the standard morphologic assessment of response to disease at both the high and low ranges of tumor detection is challenged.
Abstract: Multidimensional flow cytometry (MDF), focusing on the most immature myeloid cells in the bone marrow, can detect the maturational sequence of cells from stem cell to immature cells of all hematopoietic lineages. The patterns of antigen expression are so constant from individual to individual that the pathway to each lineage becomes a reproducibly definable volume in 6 dimensional data space. With this understanding of normal development, the detection of low levels of residual acute myeloid leukemia early post induction chemotherapy can be performed even without knowledge of the diagnostic phenotype or when the phenotype evolves. This approach is termed “Difference from Normal” in distinction from “Leukemia Associated Immunophenotype” (LAIP, based on the diagnostic phenotype at presentation). MDF assessment of “Difference from Normal” has been used to monitor treatment of pediatric patients with AML in two consecutive clinical studies involving 1257 patients sponsored by the Children’s Oncology Group (AAML03p1 and AAML0531). The initial study demonstrated that presence of post induction residual disease detected by MDF was associated with higher relapse risk and worse survival in a cohort of 225 children treated on AAML03p1. The followup study we used a similar methodology in examining the post induction marrow specimens in patients treated on COG AML phase III trial, AAML0531. This study randomized 1022 children and young adults to an MRC based chemotherapy backbone with or without Gemtuzumab Ozogamicin (GO) in the first or fourth course of therapy. Of the 782 end of induction marrow specimens evaluated, residual disease (RD) was identified in 236 patients (30%). Prevalence of RD in patients in morphologic CR was 19% vs. 63% in those who failed to achieve a morphologic CR (37% of those who failed induction as defined by morphology had no RD by MDF). Presence of RD varied by risk groups, where those with favorable risk features (CBF AML, NPMc+, CEBPA) had an RD prevalence of 13%, high risk patients (-7, 5/del5q, high risk FLT3/ITD) had an RD prevalence of 68% and the intermediate risk patients had an RD prevalence of 24%. Patients with RD at the end of induction I had an event-free survival (EFS) of 29% vs. 59% in those without RD (p<0.0001). Corresponding overall survival (OR) at 3 years from end of induction was 48% and 74% in those with and without RD, respectively (p<0.0001). Presence of RD in this favorable risk cohort was not associated with clinical outcome (p=0.54). Similar lack of prognostic significance was observed in patients considered high risk (p=0.38). In contrast to high and low risk patients, in 435 patients with no known risk features (intermediate risk) 114 patients had RD detected by MDF (26%). Disease-free survival in patients with RD was 30% vs. 55% for those without RD (p<0.0001). Corresponding OS at 3 years from end of induction for those with and without RD was 70% and 48%, respectively (p<0.0001). This study challenges the standard morphologic assessment of response to disease at both the high and low ranges of tumor detection and demonstrates the significance of early response to chemotherapy as measured by MDF in predicting clinical outcome in childhood AML. Multi-dimensional flow cytometry has been incorporated into the current COG phase III AML trial. REFERENCES: Ossenkoppele, GJ,van de Loosdrecht, AA, and Schuurhuis, GJ: Review of the relevance of aberrant antigen expression by flow cytometry in myeloid neoplasms. British Journal of Haematology, 153, 421–436, 2011. Loken MR, Wells DA: Normal antigen expression in hematopoiesis: Basis for interpreting leukemia phenotypes. In “Immunophenotyping”, Stewart C, Nicholson J. Eds. Wiley Liss, Inc. New York, 2000, pp133-160 Loken, MR: Multidimensional Data Analysis in Immunophenotyping, in “Current Protocols in Cytometry”, Robinson , PA ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York, Unit 10.4, 1997. Terstappen LWMM, Loken MR: Multi-dimensional flow cytometric characterization of myeloid maturation in normal bone marrow and acute myeloid leukemia. in Advances in Analytical Cellular Pathology, Burger G, Oberholzer M, Vooijs, GP (eds) Excerpta Medica, Amsterdam, 1990, pp209-210. Eric L. Sievers, Beverly J. Lange, Todd A. Alonzo, Robert B. Gerbing, Irwin D. Bernstein, Franklin O. Smith, Robert J. Arceci, William G. Woods, and Michael R. Loken. Immunophenotypic evidence of leukemia after induction therapy predicts relapse: results from a prospective Children's Cancer Group study of 252 patients with acute myeloid leukemia Blood 101: 3398-3406, 2003 International Journal of Laboratory Hematology The Official journal of the International Society for Laboratory Hematology
321 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors argue that heritage tourism is a powerful force in the construction and maintenance of a national identity because it relies upon the historic symbols of the nation as a means of attracting tourists.
312 citations
TL;DR: A survey of 1200 domestic tourists visiting three major British cultural heritage attractions examined the emotive and psychological processes experienced by tourists in their interaction with the attraction settings and how these experiences were valued or seen as beneficial.
Abstract: The individual consumer of heritage has, up until recently, been neglected in much heritage management. The heritage visitor is nevertheless, an important evaluator of the service experience being provided at cultural heritage attractions. A survey of 1200 domestic tourists visiting three major British cultural heritage attractions examined the emotive and psychological processes experienced by tourists in their interaction with the attraction settings and how these experiences were valued or seen as beneficial. The paper concludes by outlining the notion of ‘insightful’ tourism as an appropriate paradigm for the study of the essentially personal emotive and symbolic context associated with cultural tourism encounters, from which visitors derive valued insight, appreciation and meaning of life
140 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1999
TL;DR: Gathering key writings from leading thinkers in cultural studies, cultural history, and museum studies, Representing the Nation: A reader explores the role cultural institutions play in creating and shaping our sense of ourselves as a nation as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Gathering key writings from leading thinkers in cultural studies, cultural history, and museum studies, Representing the Nation: A reader explores the role cultural institutions play in creating and shaping our sense of ourselves as a nation With an international perspective focusing on the USA, France, Australia, the UK and India, leading figures and authors, including Tony Bennet, Ralph Samuel and Carol Duncan examine the way the past is preserved, represented and consumed as our 'heritage' Written in three sections, the book examines: * strategies involved in creating and sustaining a national culture * the growth of heritage culture, from the founding of the National Trust in 1895 to the heritage acts of the 1980s * why it has become important for nations to preserve the past and in whose name is it preserved and displayed * the historical development of the public museum * issues and difficulties facing museums today and the competing demands and interests of public funding bodies, tourists and local communities For the disciplines of both museum studies and cultural studies this will be vital reading material, and is also perfect as a course reader for a new MA in media and cultural studies
125 citations
TL;DR: The authors compared first year undergraduate Chinese students studying on campus in Australia and from Confucian cultural heritage societies with first year Australian undergraduates studying on-campus in Australia, and found that Chinese students were more likely to identify with Confucians than Australian students.
Abstract: First year undergraduate Business and Computing Chinese students studying on‐campus in Australia and from Confucian cultural heritage societies were compared with first year Australian undergraduat...
110 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe the contested struggle for meaning and interests of four different parties involved in a Heritage Trail, i.e., the government which constructed the site, the agency trying to attract international tourists to the exotic East and "old China" as part of the Hong Kong image, local organizations bringing domestic tourists to rediscover aspects of their own culture and identity, and the site's owners fighting the government to re-establish the sacred harmony of their landscape.
110 citations
TL;DR: The Parthenon Marbles are a significant landmark in the topographic project of the Hellenic national heterotopic dream and contribute to the discourse of the social and political reality of modern Greece and the reality (and often the hyperreality) of the global diasporic communities which participate in the Greek national project.
Abstract: The group of artefacts known as Parthenon (or ‘Elgin') Marbles has attracted enormous attention from scholars and the public, mainly because of its involvement in the politics of restitution of cultural heritage. The prime concern of this article is not the issue of restitution itself (although inevitably the issue is discussed to some extent), but the fascinating cultural life of this group of artefacts, from their initial production in the fifth century BC, to the present day. Not only are the Parthenon Marbles a significant landmark in the topographic project of the Hellenic national heterotopic dream, they also contribute to the discourse of the social and political reality of modern Greece and the reality (and often the hyperreality) of the global diasporic communities which participate in the Hellenic national project. The article illustrates with specific examples their deployment in the global cultural economy and the ambiguities and ironies surrounding these transactions. In addition to ...
92 citations
TL;DR: This paper explored the role of tourism in the aftermath of violence, using the example of the contested heritage of Northern Ireland and its potential contribution to community peace building as the province emerges from 30 years of conflict.
Abstract: This article explores the role of tourism in the aftermath of violence, using the example of the contested heritage of Northern Ireland and its potential contribution to community peace building as the province emerges from 30 years of conflict. As a lasting peace seems to be a real possibility, the planning policies of the Northern Ireland Tourist Board (NITB) are examined to see how they have operated within the context of a contested heritage. The Tower Museum in Londonderry is used as a case study to see what a best-practice model of the use of heritage tourism in community peace building might look like.
82 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Some common concerns of libraries, archival institutions and museums as they work together to address the issues the Framework Programme Five raises are described.
Abstract: The Information Society Technologies programme within the European Union's Framework Programme Five supports access to, and preservation of, digital cultural content This paper describes some common concerns of libraries, archival institutions and museums as they work together to address the issues the Programme raises This accounts for three major emphases in the paper First, discussion is very much about what brings these organisations together, rather than about what separates them Second, it describes an area within which a research agenda can be identified; its purpose is not to propose a programme of work or actions, rather a framework within such a programme might be developed Finally, although the main focus is on access to resources, this is placed in an overall life-cycle context
80 citations
TL;DR: Reflexion sur les suites du colonialisme au Zimbabwe, sur le developpement des musees and sites archeologiques dans le cadre de la restauration et de la preservation des valeurs culturelles traditionnelles and sur les conflits dinterets rencontres avec les populations d'origine europeenne.
Abstract: Reflexion sur les suites du colonialisme au Zimbabwe, sur le developpement des musees et sites archeologiques dans le cadre de la restauration et de la preservation des valeurs culturelles traditionnelles et sur les conflits d'interets rencontres avec les populations d'origine europeenne.
TL;DR: A survey of three Queensland rural heritage museums designed to discover visitors' reactions to the communication channels used to alert them to the existence of the museums and to identify the visitors' preferred methods of advertising was conducted by as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Heritage tourism is growing rapidly in popularity as people seek to rediscover the past. One obvious group of attractions heritage tourists seek out are museums. Many museums are outside the government sector, and for these museums, tourism offers considerable scope to generate revenue to fund new displays and pay recurrent costs. This study reports on a survey of three Queensland rural heritage museums designed to discover visitors’ reactions to the communication channels used to alert them to the existence of the museums and to identify the visitors’ preferred methods of advertising. The outcome of the survey identifies the need for museum custodians to reconsider the promotional strategies employed to advertise rural museums to the drive tourist market and suggests a simple checklist of low-cost yet effective advertising methods that can be used by rural museums.
TL;DR: In this article, a case study of the development of an industrial heritage attraction located in an inner city, multi-ethnic neighbourhood is presented. But the focus of the analysis is on how to develop a heritage tourism product which achieves a balance between economic and social goals.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examine a selection of cases of types of heritage cities and their management in Central Europe and find that the uses made of heritage are clearly drastically changing but so also is the way that heritage is currently managed.
Abstract: Heritage is the contemporary usage of a past and is consciously shaped from history, its survivals and memories, in response to current needs for it. If these needs and consequent roles of heritage, whether for the political legitimacy of governments, for social and ethnic cohesion, for individual identification with places and groups, or for the provision of economic resources in heritage industries change rapidly, then clearly we expect the content and management of that heritage to do likewise. The cities of Central Europe have long been the heritage showcases that reflected the complex historical and geographical patterns of the region's changing governments and ideologies. The abrupt economic and political transition and reorientation of the countries of Central Europe has thus, unsurprisingly, led to many equally abrupt changes in the content and management of urban heritage throughout the region. The uses made of heritage are clearly drastically changing but so also is the way that heritage is currently managed. What is happening, as well as how, is however uncertain and investigated here. The revolutionary eradication of a rejected past, a return to some previous pasts or the beginnings of a new past in the service of a new present are all possibilities. Answers are sought to these questions through the examination of a selection of cases of types of heritage city and their management in the region. These include an archetypical European gem city (Eger, Hungary), a tourist-historic honey-pot (Cesky Krumlov, Czechia), a medium-sized multifunctional city (Gdansk, Poland), a major metropolis (Budapest, Hungary), the relict anomaly (Kaliningrad/ Konigsberg, Russia) and the national cultural centre of Weimar.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors explore the way local cultures are marketed and reconfigured for tourists and Singaporeans and argue that although Singapore's place resources have remained relatively unchanged in the 1990s, its cultural resources and spaces are certainly not static and unchanging.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors explore the cultural politics of heritage in relation to the different ways in which the people of the Caribbean island of St. John, the U.S. Virgin Islands, have made a place for themselves in time and space.
Abstract: The cultural construction of the past is of increasing interest to anthropologists, as well as to the people they study. Many of the most forceful and visible expressions of the past are fueled by the so-called heritage movement, which is becoming a worldwide concern, born of an uneasy combination of national ideology, ethnic politics, and tourist industry interests. I explore the cultural politics of heritage in relation to the different ways in which the people of the Caribbean island of St. John, the U.S. Virgin Islands, have made a place for themselves in time and space. An exploration of the role of oral tradition in constructing different versions of the past shows that the islanders themselves feel considerable ambivalence toward the expectations of the promulgators of heritage, including anthropologists. I raise questions both about the construction of historical identity in the Caribbean and, more generally, about the witting or unwitting role of anthropologists in the creation of heritage.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examine the construction of the Maya landscape in a Yucatec Maya town in Mexico and compare aspects of this Maya world to that develo...
Abstract: In 1992, an agreement was signed by the governments of five Latin American countries: Honduras, El Salvador, Guatemala, Belize, and Mexico, to join forces in the promotion of international tourism in the Maya zone. This elaborate and costly project, called the Maya World, promises the visitor "something for all tastes" in the way of cultural experiences and leisure pursuits. Such large-scale tourist projects raise many questions concerning the underlying motivations for the development and the impact that they will have on the peoples and environments of the regions. Essentially, the Maya World tourist project can be seen as a newly constructed cultural landscape, based on design features from the existing cultural landscapes of the 29 Maya cultures of the region, imbued with new meanings that make them significant to a target market, the international tourist. This paper examines the construction of the Maya landscape in a Yucatec Maya town in Mexico and compares aspects of this Maya world to that develo...
TL;DR: The complexity and ambivalence of cultural experience is a well-known aspect of consumerism and late capitalism as discussed by the authors, which presents us with a set of challenges about what is real and what is image.
Abstract: The complexity and ambivalence of cultural experience is a well‐known aspect of consumerism and late capitalism. Partly a search for the authentic and partly the consumption of the popular, such experience presents us with a set of challenges ‐‐ about what is real and what is image, what is itself and what is irony, what is historically so and what has been detached from historical context. Experience is increasingly a commodity provided by tourism and the heritage industry. Heritage is an area where postmodernism offers unique relevant perspectives. The article considers these issues as they arise in teaching heritage courses in higher education.
TL;DR: A survey of public opinion on archaeological heritage in British Columbia, Canada, focused on five main areas: knowledge of archaeological heritage, interest and participation in archaeology, the role of archaeology in modern society, awareness and support of heritage conservation initiatives, and Aboriginal stewardship of the archaeological record as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: A survey of public opinion on archaeological heritage in British Columbia, Canada, focused on five main areas: knowledge of archaeology, interest and participation in archaeology, the role of archaeology in modern society, awareness and support of heritage conservation initiatives, and Aboriginal stewardship of the archaeological record. Public opinion data collected from a random sample of 963 residents of the greater Vancouver metropolitan area indicate a high level of interest and support for archaeology and heritage conservation, but also a high level of misunderstanding about the archaeological record and current legislative measures to protect it. In contrast to recent changes in legislation and initiations within the discipline, public attitude towards Aboriginal stewardship of archaeological resources is generally negative. Education, age, and gender are significant factors affecting differences in opinion.
01 Jan 1999
TL;DR: In this paper, a definition of culture and cultural identity is proposed for child and family social work, which reflects much of what has been learnt in the literature generally, and should contribute towards an enhancement of cultural sensitivity, and a fulfilment of statutory obligations relating to culture in child and families social work.
Abstract: Child care legislation, policy, and procedures increasingly emphasize the obligations of social workers to give due consideration to the culture and cultural background of children and their families. This paper explores the implications of those obligations. It seeks the meaning of these terms, and critically examines meanings attributed to them. There are many obstacles in the way of fulfilling these specific statutory obligations in child and family social work: there is a history of neglect, confusion, and negativity towards culture in social work literature, and a current attempt to subsume culture within the concept of ethnicity; racism has often been regarded as a more significant issue than culture; the cultural heritage of clients and their families has been perceived as oppressive, and culture has been misinterpreted to explain and to tolerate unacceptable behaviour. Other disciplines, for example anthropology, sociology, and cultural studies, perceive culture and cultural identity differently. They have much to offer social work. The paper provides a definition of culture and cultural identity which reflects much of what has been learnt in the literature generally. It should contribute towards an enhancement of cultural sensitivity, and a fulfilment of statutory obligations relating to culture in child and family social work.
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of natural disasters on heritage sites and argues for increased awareness and training for disaster managers are discussed. But, the authors do not address the impact of such disasters on cultural heritage property.
Abstract: Annually, natural disasters cause loss of life, damage to property, and damage to the environment. Concomitant is damage to the cultural heritage property, both items and places. Yet in the wake of a disaster, containment and response efforts put additional cultural resources at risk--usually due to ignorance rather than malice on the part of the disaster manager or the property owners. This paper reviews the effects of natural disasters on heritage sites and argues for increased awareness and training for disaster managers.
TL;DR: A content analysis of material generated by the 1994-1995 foreign policy review process in Canada was conducted in an effort to understand how culture came to be officially constituted as the third pillar of Canadian foreign policy.
Abstract: A content analysis of material generated by the 1994-1995 foreign policy review process in Canada was conducted in an effort to understand how culture came to be officially constituted as the third pillar of Canadian foreign policy. The analysis showed significant differences among actors in terms of modes of legitimization of cultural diplomacy. State agents, by refusing to consider culture as a referent object in a broadened notion of security and by assimilating it into a system of civic values, resisted pressures from academics and groups that favored introducing societal conceptions of culture as relevant for the making offoreign policy. The result is nevertheless a new, albeit defensive and still ambiguous, form of implication offoreign policy in the cultural mission of the state in Canada. The place of culture within state foreign policy has changed considerably in recent years. Until quite recently, cultural diplomacy essentially involved strengthening a country's cultural influence by funding artists' tours or by promoting the study of the country's language and culture in universities abroad (Mitchell, 1986). The United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) was then the multilateral arena within which each state could promote, with East-West and North-South ideological struggles in the background, its particular contribution to humanity's cultural heritage. The situation is quite different today. The international cultural agenda is now structured more by the challenges faced by each culture in the age of globalization, as cultural products are increasingly swept into the transnational communication and economic flows. To be culturally powerful-or even culturally significant-in today's world, a country must exercise control over these flows (Nye & Owens, 1996; Rothkopf, 1997), which are
TL;DR: In the past decade, heritage and environmental interpretation shifted from technical emphasis to social perspective, reflected in five international trends: growing concern with theory, increasing ecotourism and consequent changes in environmental interpretation, reactions to globalization (homogeneity versus uniqueness), interpretation of controversial issues, and grassroots planning approaches as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: In the past decade, heritage and environmental interpretation shifted from technical emphasis to social perspective, reflected in five international trends: growing concern with theory, increasing ecotourism and consequent changes in environmental interpretation, reactions to globalization (homogeneity versus uniqueness), interpretation of controversial issues, and grassroots planning approaches. Implications for Australian interpreters are discussed.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present an ethnographic documentation of camel racing as a growing traditional cultural heritage sport in contemporary Gulf Arab societies and use an integrated anthropological approach in describing and analyzing the multiple aspects and functions of the races as an evolving cultural revival within the broad contexts of oil wealth, the building of modern nation-state, and modern global forces.
Abstract: The A. offers an ethnographic documentation of camel racing as a growing traditional cultural heritage sport in contemporary Gulf Arab societies. An integrated anthropological approach is used in describing and analyzing the multiple aspects and functions of the races as an evolving cultural revival within the broad contexts of oil wealth, the building of modern nation-state, and modern global forces. Camel racing is analyzed as an activity for distributing oil wealth among the Bedu segment of the United Arab Emirates national population, as a significant component in the enterprise of state-craft and state formation, and as cultural festivals for preserving and promoting national cultural identity which appears threatened by multiple global cultural flows and dynamics.
27 Sep 1999
TL;DR: This paper addressed the aspect related to the development of AR applications in the cultural heritage field, including the use of haptic interfaces in AR systems, designed at PERCRO.
Abstract: Augmented reality (AR) systems allow the user to see a combination of a mixed scenario, generated by a computer, in which virtual objects are merged with the real environment. The calibration between the two frames, the real world and the virtual environment, and the real time tracking of the user are the most important problems for the AR application implementations. Augmented reality systems are proposed as solutions in many application domains. In this paper we addressed the aspect related to the development of AR applications in the cultural heritage field. Possible future applications are described, including the use of haptic interfaces in AR systems, designed at PERCRO.