Showing papers on "Cultural heritage published in 2001"
TL;DR: In this article, the authors make space for a longer historical analysis of the development of heritage as a process, and explore some early modern developments in the heritage concept, relating them to societal changes associated with colonial (and post-colonial) experience.
Abstract: With the apparent focus of work carried out by the heritage 'community' very much directed towards heritage practices in the present, the potential historical scope for the discipline as a whole, becomes ever-more temporally closed. This paper makes space for a longer historical analysis of the development of heritage as a process. The paper ranges over the evolution of a medieval sense of heritage and how it is related to transitions in the experience of space and place, and also explores some early modern developments in the heritage concept, relating them to societal changes associated with colonial (and post-colonial) experience. This deeper understanding of the historically contingent and embedded nature of heritage allows us to go beyond treating heritage simply as a set of problems to be solved, and enables us to engage with debates about the production of identity, power and authority throughout society.
716 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors studied how much awareness of literature tourists possess and what kinds of satisfaction they derive from their visit; how many literary pilgrims, and more general tourists, there are; and how relevant issues of authenticity and conservation are to this experience.
390 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors explore the key dimensions of the emerging Viking heritage tourism in Europe which consists of museums, heritage centers, theme parks, village reconstructions, and seasonal trading fairs or markets supplemented by the activities of Viking re-enactment or living history societies.
323 citations
28 Nov 2001
TL;DR: The ARCHEOGUIDE system and the experiences gained from the evaluation of an initial prototype by representative user groups at the archeological site of Olympia, Greece are presented.
Abstract: This paper presents the ARCHEOGUIDE project (Augmented Reality-based Cultural Heritage On-site GUIDE). ARCHEOGUIDE is an IST project, funded by the EU, aiming at providing a personalized electronic guide and tour assistant to cultural site visitors. The system provides on-site help and Augmented Reality reconstructions of ancient ruins, based on user's position and orientation in the cultural site, and realtime image rendering. It incorporates a multimedia database of cultural material for on-line access to cultural data, virtual visits, and restoration information. It uses multi-modal user interfaces and personalizes the flow of information to its user's profile in order to cater for both professional and recreational users, and for applications ranging from archaeological research, to education, multimedia publishing, and cultural tourism. This paper presents the ARCHEOGUIDE system and the experiences gained from the evaluation of an initial prototype by representative user groups at the archeological site of Olympia, Greece.
302 citations
Book•
29 Mar 2001
TL;DR: Richards et al. as discussed by the authors discussed the development of cultural tourism in Europe, focusing on the distribution and distribution of cultural attractions in the Netherlands and the experience industry and the creation of tourist attractions.
Abstract: Part One: Development of Cultural Tourism and Cultural Attractions 1: The Development of Cultural Tourism in Europe, Greg Richards, Tilberg University, Tilberg,The Netherlands 2: The Market for Cultural Attractions, Greg Richards 3: The Experience Industry and the Creation of Attractions, Greg Richards 4: The Cultural Attraction Distribution System, Greg Richards, Saskia Goedhart, L A Group, Amsterdam, The Netherlands and Carla Herrijgers, Pelikaan Reizen, Zevenbergen, The Netherlands Part Two: Case Studies of European Cultural Attractions 5: The Bonnefanten Museum, Maastricht, Wil Munsters, Hoge Hotelschool Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands 6: Urban Regeneration and Glasgow's Galleries with Particular Reference to The Burrell Collection,David Leslie, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK 7: Clonmacnoise: a Monastic Site, Burial Ground and Tourist Attraction, Frances McGettigan and Kevin Burns, Althone Insitute of Technology, Althone, Ireland 8: Cultural Heritage Sites and Their Visitors: Too Many For Too Few?, Sue Berry and Graham Shephard University of Brighton, Eastbourne UK 9: Urban Heritage Tourism: Globalization and Localization, Michael Green, Loughborough University, 10: The Budapest Spring Festival - a Festival for Hungarians?, Laszlo Puczko and Tamara Ratz, Tourism Research Centre, Budapest, Hungary 11: The Consumption of Cultural Tourism in Poland, Barbara Marciszewska, University School of Physical Education, Wiejska, Poland 12: Creative Industries as Milieu of Innovation: The Westergasfabriek, Amsterdam, Caro Bonink, Caro Consulting, Amsterdam, The Netherlands and Erik Hitters, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands 13: European Cultural Attractions: Trends and Prospects, Greg Richards
295 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a new model that is in the process of development, but which has the potential to assist in planning for sustainable cultural heritage tourism, which is a matrix into which heritage places can be classified as falling into nine general areas of suitability for tourism.
Abstract: A natural link exists between tourism and cultural heritage management, yet little discourse and debate occurs between them on the sustainability of heritage tourism. What also is missing is a process whereby elements of both areas can be included in the identification and actualisation of the tourism potential of cultural heritage places. This paper presents a new model that is in the process of development, but which has the potential to assist in planning for sustainable cultural heritage tourism. Future testing of the model is likely to make a significant contribution to the advancement of both disciplines and also should help break down barriers between the two. The model is a matrix into which heritage places can be classified as falling into nine general areas of suitability for tourism in terms of their market appeal and ability to withstand the impacts of visitation likely to be associated with that appeal. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
203 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors briefly review the state of the art of the 3D acquisition and digitizing techniques applied to heritage, focusing on motivations, issues and technical specification of 3D digitizing of heritage artworks.
192 citations
01 Jan 2001
TL;DR: Nezar AlSayyad and Ali Mazrui as mentioned in this paper discuss the tradition in the built environment and the rise of Placeless Culture in a changing world and present three cultural tendencies: Nostalgia, anticipation, and presentism.
Abstract: Nezar AlSayyad: Tradition in the Built Environment and the Rise of Placeless Culture. A Prologue. Section 1: Globalization and Culture. 1.1 Nezar AlSayyad: Culture, Globalization and Urbanism in a Changing World. 1.2 Ali Mazrui: Built Form and Three Cultural Tendencies: Nostalgia, Anticipation and Presentism. 1.3 Ananya Roy: Empowered Practices: Viewing the Globe through a Feminist Looking Glass. Section 2: Hybridity and Identity. 2.1 Christopher Yip: California Chinatowns: Built Environments Expressing the Hybridized Culture of Chinese Americans. 2.2 Soumyen Bandyopadhyay: Representation of the Cultural Palimpsest: The Case of Manh in Inner Oman. 2.3 Duncan Earle and Chang-Shan Huang: Building Identity on the Border: Texas Colonias as Cultural Texts. Section 3: Heritage and Tradition. 3.1 Robert Mugerauer: Fence Patterns, Semi-Public Passageways, and Ethnic Identity: Case Studies from San Antonio, Texas. 3.2 Anne Marie Broudehoux: The Chinatownization of Beijing: Urban Renewal and the Commodification of Identity. 3.3 Ayfer Bartu: Selling Istanbul: Rethinking Cultrual Heritage in a Global Context.
184 citations
178 citations
Book•
31 May 2001
TL;DR: The concept and purpose of protected areas and the process of management and governance are discussed in the second edition of Australia's Protected Areas as discussed by the authors, with a focus on sustainable management.
Abstract: Contents: List of Figures List of Tables Abbreviations for Australian jurisdictions and major protected area management agencies Related web sitesAcknowledgments: Edition OneAcknowledgements: Edition Two Preface to the Second EditionIntroduction Part A Setting the Context Australia's Natural Heritage Social Context The Concept and Purpose of Protected Areas The Process of Management and Governance Part B Principles and Practice Establishing Protected Areas Obtaining and Managing Information Protected Area Planning Finance and Economics Administration and Legal-Making it Work Sustainable Management Operations Management Conserving Australia's Natural Heritage Conserving Australia's Cultural Heritage Threats to Protected Areas Incident Management Tourism and Visitor Management Working with the Community Indigenous People and Protected Areas Linking the Landscape Marine Protected Area Management Evaluating Protected Area Management Effectiveness Futures and Vision Appendix: Summary of Information on Australia's Protected Areas Chronology: Protected Areas Historical Events References Index
01 Jan 2001
TL;DR: In this article, the authors analyze the cultural heritage sector in the countries of the Middle East and North Africa, and the World Bank's policy and operational experiences in this sector over the past six years, 1996-2001.
Abstract: The countries of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) are blessed with an extraordinary cultural patrimony, secular and religious, of huge importance for each country and for humankind at large. The region is home to 48 sites already inscribed on the world heritage list maintained by the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and has an enormous nonmaterial heritage as well. The Middle East is also the cradle of the world's major monotheistic religions. This cultural patrimony is a cornerstone of many people's existence and nourishes their daily lives. It must continue to flourish. This report analyzes the cultural heritage sector in the countries of the Middle East and North Africa, and the World Bank's policy and operational experiences in this sector over the past six years, 1996-2001. It has three objectives: 1) to explore the characteristics, capacities, needs, and constraints of the region's cultural sector and their relevance to overall country development; 2) to take stock, describe, and analyze the World Bank's past and current support for preservation and management of the region's cultural heritage; and 3) to extract the lessons of experience and define the strategy framework for future Bank assistance for preserving and managing the MENA region's patrimony.
01 Oct 2001
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present an overview of their efforts in modeling cultural heritage through observation, which span three aspects: how to create geometric models of cultural heritage; how to crate photometric models of culture heritage; and how to integrate such virtual heritages with real scenes.
Abstract: This chapter presents an overview of our efforts in modeling cultural heritage through observation. These efforts span three aspects: how to create geometric models of cultural heritage; how to crate photometric models of cultural heritage; and how to integrate such virtual heritages with real scenes. For geometric model creation, we have developed a two-step method: simultaneous alignment and volumetric view merging. For photometric model creation, we have developed the eigen-texture rendering methods, which automatically create photorealistic models by observing the real objects. For the integration of virtual objects with real scenes, we have developed a method that renders virtual objects based on real illumination distribution. We have applied these component techniques to constructing a multimedia model of the Great Buddha of Kamakura, and demonstrated their effectiveness.
TL;DR: The authors examined the relationship between tourism, development, Bhutanese culture and environment and found that key stakeholders in Bhutan favour a policy of cautious or "middle path" modernisation in which the Bhutanis maintain control of the type and amount of tourism and its effect on cultural traditions, religion, and the natural environment.
Abstract: The demand for 'authentic' cultural and nature-based tourism experiences affects all cultures, including the tiny Himalayan kingdom of Bhutan. Bhutan's dilemma is represented in its desire to share in global economic development while still retaining its traditional cultural identity. In this paper we examine the relationship between tourism, development, Bhutanese culture and environment. Narratives of cultural identity are considered in an analysis of primary and secondary data – participant observation, interviews, plus electronic and printed texts – to demonstrate that: key stakeholders in Bhutan favour a policy of cautious or 'middle path' modernisation in which the Bhutanese maintain control of the type and amount of tourism and its effect on cultural traditions, religion, and the natural environment. Bhutan's tourism's policy has been effective to date in limiting environmental and cultural impact from Western tourism. But as tourism demand is rapidly growing, an assessment of the country's carryin...
01 Jan 2001
28 Nov 2001
TL;DR: The cornerstones of this system are mobile augmented reality, including a hybrid tracking approach, intelligent queries to pose complex questions about geographical and historical knowledge, as well as a story engine to interactively run a digital story.
Abstract: This paper describes a research and development project for a novel technology, making the conveyance of cultural heritage during a historic sightseeing tour a unique experience. The cornerstones of this system are mobile augmented reality, including a hybrid tracking approach, intelligent queries to pose complex questions about geographical and historical knowledge, as well as a story engine to interactively run a digital story. This system involves the user in a thrilling story while exploring the history and the attractions of the city.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examine the policy issues connected with a programme of economic redevelopment centred upon the conservation and renewal of industrial heritage, and examine the case of Blaenavon Industrial Landscape in South Wales which has recently been successful in gaining status as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Abstract: This article examines the policy issues connected with a programme of economic redevelopment centred upon the conservation and renewal of industrial heritage. The article examines the case of Blaenavon Industrial Landscape in South Wales which has recently been successful in gaining status as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Tourism-led economic development focusing on industrial heritage is shown to present some unique trade-offs between promoting the needs of visitors over local communities, and between the maintenance of cultural value and site commodification.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors argue that there did exist ways and means of protecting the cultural heritage that were just as effective as the scientific procedures and that despite political independence, heritage management in the region has continued to ref...
Abstract: Heritage management in southern Africa has been the by-product of colonialism. During the colonial period therefore, much of the practice reflected the interests of the colonial masters and hardly considered the aspirations of the local communities. Heritage was largely considered as of scientific interest and protection was also viewed in this light. As far as its protection is concerned, the general thinking was that proper scientific procedures needed to be followed. In this paper, we however argue that, traditionally, there did exist ways and means of protecting the cultural heritage that were just as effective as the scientific procedures. However, with the insistence on science as well as the political process in southern Africa and indeed elsewhere on the continent, part of the legacy of colonialism has been the alienation of local communities from their cultural heritage. Regrettably, it would seem that, despite political independence, heritage management in the region has continued to ref...
Book Chapter•
01 Jan 2001
TL;DR: In this article, Lowenthal describes two simple but critical features of heritage - growth and change - and identifies the gaps in existing academic discussions of this particular form of tourism, and the challenge for this chapter is to chart the debates, describe the rival social representations of heritage and cultural tourism.
Abstract: [Extract] Recent decades have seen an explosion of interest in the past embracing everything from fossils and furniture to folklore and faiths: ...No longer are only aristocrats obsessed with ancestry, only the super-rich collectors of antiques, only academics antiquarians, only a culturedmin01ity museum-goers; millions of ordinary folk now search out their roots, mobilize to protect beloved scenes, cherish their own and other people's mementoes, and dote on media versions of history. (Lowenthal,1993, p. 3).
In these eloquent statements Lowenthal describes two simple but critical features of heritage - growth and change. Arguably growth and change are characteristics of virtually all aspects of late twentieth-century life. Throughout this book many authors attempt to describe succinctly and analyse critically growth and change in many aspects of society and particularly tourism. The challenge for this chapter is to do the same for cultural and heritage tourism. This author's response to this challenge will be to chart the debates, describe the rival social representations of heritage and cultural tourism and identify the gaps in existing academic discussions of this particular form of tourism.
01 Jan 2001
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined key themes and objectives for the protection of the architectural and archaeological heritage in a range of European countries and gave an assessment of how advanced current mechanisms are and the ongoing problems that remain to be managed in order to safeguard the common heritage.
Abstract: This book has been developed in association with the Cultural Heritage Department of the Council of Europe. It examines key themes and objectives for the protection of the architectural and archaeological heritage in a range of European countries. The analysis of individual countries and the group as a whole gives an assessment of how advanced current mechanisms are and the ongoing problems that remain to be managed in order to safeguard the 'common heritage'.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors introduce the double public good model as a representation of the simultaneous externalities that complicate decision-making in the cultural heritage sphere and highlight the need for dual-level policy making in order to avoid unbalanced heritage preservation efforts.
Abstract: This paper introduces the double public good model as a representation of the simultaneous externalities that complicate decision making in the cultural heritage sphere. Social welfare is modeled as depending on both public and private benefits of households' production of individual heritage experience, which in turn depends on the stock of historic assets (a public good) and access effort (a private good). The public benefit of private experience arises from ``shared experience'' that fosters cultural identity and social understandings. The model generates marginal efficiency conditions for the amount of physical preservation, amount of access, and intensity of access. The model highlights the need for dual-level policy making in order to avoid unbalanced heritage preservation efforts that have been of some concern in the literature.
TL;DR: Heritage routes and itineraries are mechanisms being used towards tourism needs and objectives as discussed by the authors, and the authors define these routes, review their context, and consider some examples in Europe.
Abstract: Heritage routes and itineraries are mechanisms being used towards tourism needs and objectives. This paper defines these routes, reviews their context, and considers some examples in Europe. It loo...
01 Jan 2001
TL;DR: In this article, the Istituto Universitario Orientale in Naples has published a compendium of the Aksum archaeological site in the highlands of northern Ethiopia.
Abstract: This invaluable compendium, published by the Istituto Universitario Orientale in Naples, arises out of research undertaken jointly by that institution and Boston University under the direction of Rodolfo Fattovich and Kathryn Bard. That it is written in English will greatly facilitate its use in Ethiopia. Aksum, in the highlands of Tigray in northern Ethiopia, was the capital of a major state during the first seven or eight centuries A.C. Its local precursors and antecedents during the last millennium B.C. have been a particular focus of the research conducted by Bard and Fattovich. The area thus contains important archaeological remains illustrative of the development and florescence of a major African civilization. Despite Aksum's designation by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site, comparatively little archaeological field research has been undertaken there. Sadly, much of what has been undertaken remains incompletely or inaccessibly published. Aksum today is a town of some size which attracts growing numbers of pilgrims and tourists, as well as being the administrative center for the rapidly developing Central Zone of Tigray. The Ethiopian authorities are aware of the major problem presented by the need to ensure adeolen cultural heritage in rec nt years. It will provide a luable datum against which to measure cultural heritage struction in the future.
28 Nov 2001
TL;DR: This work will explore the need for, and potential of, global cross-disciplinary collaboration in documenting, analyzing, and disseminating culture using the Virtual Heritage Network and recent international media workshops with UNESCO as examples.
Abstract: From the Coliseum in Rome to the verdant landscape of the Loire Valley, the world's cultural heritage has withstood the text of time. Today though, the pace of progress --- from urban sprawl to pollution, neglect, conflict, and even tourism --- threatens these landmarks of our past at an ever-increasing pace. In recent years, rapid advances in digital technologies, from 3D graphics, to multimedia, and virtual reality, have given heritage new hope: from archaeology to architecture, emerging digital tools offer promise in documenting, analyzing, and disseminating culture. Using examples from a decade of research at the University of California at Berkeley, and highlights from the 7th Int'l Conference on Virtual Systems and Multimedia (VSMM), we will explore the problems and potential of emerging documentation tools, representation and modeling aids, and presentation technologies.Despite the promise, more often than not, those responsible for recording, preserving, and teaching about culture have not been part of this digital revolution. Coupled with this, early 'digital heritage' failed to live up to expectations, whether due to limited tools, questionable research, or lack of visual realism. VAST and other gatherings are beginning to bridge researchers and practitioners, from government to academia, and archaeology to computer science. Using the Virtual Heritage Network and recent international media workshops with UNESCO as examples, we will explore the need for, and potential of, global cross-disciplinary collaboration. From the now obliterated Buddhist statues at Bamiyan, Afghanistan, to Minoru Yamasaki's Twin Towers in New York, we owe it to future generations to harness our digital tools to preserve and protect the world's cultural legacy.
TL;DR: In this paper, a series of past investigations into the traditional resource use norms and associated cultural institutions prevailing in rural Bengal societies is presented, based on which a large number of elements of local biodiversity, regardless of their use value, are protected by the local cultural practices.
Abstract: In spite of the unrelenting advent of modernization involving industrialization and market-oriented land use policies, traditional ecological ethos still survive in many indigenous societies, albeit in much attenuated forms. Based on a series of our past investigations into the traditional resource use norms and associated cultural institutions prevailing in rural Bengal societies, we demonstrate here that a large number of elements of local biodiversity, regardless of their use value, are protected by the local cultural practices. Certain cultural elements (e.g., auguries) may not have any conservation consequences, yet may reflect, in symbolic terms, a collective appreciation of the intrinsic or existence value of life forms, and the basic love and respect for nature. The study suggests that traditional conservation ethics are still capable of protecting much of the country's decimating biodiversity, as long as the local communities have even a minor share in the management of natural resources.