Showing papers on "Cultural heritage published in 2011"
TL;DR: This review gathers updated recommendations considering the lifestyle, dietary, sociocultural, environmental and health challenges that the current Mediterranean populations are facing and contributes to a much better adherence to this healthy dietary pattern and its way of life with this new graphic representation.
Abstract: Objective To present the Mediterranean diet (MD) pyramid: a lifestyle for today. Design A new graphic representation has been conceived as a simplified main frame to be adapted to the different nutritional and socio-economic contexts of the Mediterranean region. This review gathers updated recommendations considering the lifestyle, dietary, sociocultural, environmental and health challenges that the current Mediterranean populations are facing. Setting and Subjects Mediterranean region and its populations. Results Many innovations have arisen since previous graphical representations of the MD. First, the concept of composition of the ‘main meals’ is introduced to reinforce the plant-based core of the dietary pattern. Second, frugality and moderation is emphasised because of the major public health challenge of obesity. Third, qualitative cultural and lifestyle elements are taken into account, such as conviviality, culinary activities, physical activity and adequate rest, along with proportion and frequency recommendations of food consumption. These innovations are made without omitting other items associated with the production, selection, processing and consumption of foods, such as seasonality, biodiversity, and traditional, local and eco-friendly products. Conclusions Adopting a healthy lifestyle and preserving cultural elements should be considered in order to acquire all the benefits from the MD and preserve this cultural heritage. Considering the acknowledgment of the MD as an Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity by UNESCO (2010), and taking into account its contribution to health and general well-being, we hope to contribute to a much better adherence to this healthy dietary pattern and its way of life with this new graphic representation.
1,246 citations
TL;DR: This article reviews the actual optical 3D measurement sensors and 3D modeling techniques, with their limitations and potentialities, requirements and specifications.
Abstract: The importance of landscape and heritage recording and documentation with optical remote sensing sensors is well recognized at international level. The continuous development of new sensors, data capture methodologies and multi-resolution 3D representations, contributes significantly to the digital 3D documentation, mapping, conservation and representation of landscapes and heritages and to the growth of research in this field. This article reviews the actual optical 3D measurement sensors and 3D modeling techniques, with their limitations and potentialities, requirements and specifications. Examples of 3D surveying and modeling of heritage sites and objects are also shown throughout the paper.
655 citations
Book•
03 Aug 2011
TL;DR: This book discusses the need to conserve the past, marketing the past for Today, and planning principles and Cultural Heritage Destinations for future generations.
Abstract: Chapter 1: Cultural Heritage and Tourism Section 1 Chapter 2: Consumption of Culture: Heritage Demand and Experience Chapter 3: Heritage Supply: Attractions and Services Chapter 4: Spatial Perspectives and Heritage Resources Chapter 5: Looking for Something Real: Heritage, Tourism and Elusive Authenticity Chapter 6: Tourism and the Politics of Heritage Chapter 7: The Need to Conserve the Past: The Impacts of Tourism Chapter 8: Protective Legislation and Conservation Organizations Chapter 9: Protecting the Past for Today: Heritage Conservation and Tourism Chapter 10: Telling the Story: Interpreting the Past for Visitors Chapter 11: Planning Principles and Cultural Heritage Destinations Chapter 12: Marketing the Past for Today Chapter 13: Raising Revenue and Managing Visitors Section 2 Chapter 14: Museums and Living Heritage Centers Chapter 15: Archaeological Sites and Monuments Chapter 16: Landscapes of the Elite and the Ordinary Chapter 17: The Industrial Past Chapter 18: Religious Sites and Pilgrimage Chapter 19: Diaspora, Roots and Personal Heritage Tourism Chapter 20: Indigenous Heritage and Living Culture Chapter 21: Dark Tourism and Sites of Atrocity Chapter 22: Conclusion
287 citations
29 Jun 2011
TL;DR: The path towards a more open, connected and smart cultural heritage is shown: open (the data is open, shared and accessible), connected ( the use of linked data allows for interoperable infrastructures, with users and providers getting more and more connected), and smart (the use of knowledge and web technologies allows us to provide interesting data to the right users).
Abstract: Galleries, Libraries, Archives and Museums (short: GLAMs) around the globe are beginning to explore the potential of crowdsourcing, i. e. outsourcing specific activities to a community though an open call. In this paper, we propose a typology of these activities, based on an empirical study of a substantial amount of projects initiated by relevant cultural heritage institutions. We use the Digital Content Life Cycle model to study the relation between the different types of crowdsourcing and the core activities of heritage organizations. Finally, we focus on two critical challenges that will define the success of these collaborations between amateurs and professionals: (1) finding sufficient knowledgeable, and loyal users; (2) maintaining a reasonable level of quality. We thus show the path towards a more open, connected and smart cultural heritage: open (the data is open, shared and accessible), connected (the use of linked data allows for interoperable infrastructures, with users and providers getting more and more connected), and smart (the use of knowledge and web technologies allows us to provide interesting data to the right users, in the right context, anytime, anywhere -- both with involved users/consumers and providers). It leads to a future cultural heritage that is open, has intelligent infrastructures and has involved users, consumers and providers.
283 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors argue that to correct such inadequacy, international safeguarding of ICH must rely on the concomitant application, even though in an indirect manner, of international human rights law, for the reason that ICH represents a component of cultural human rights.
Abstract: Intangible cultural heritage (ICH), made up of all immaterial manifestations of culture, represents the variety of living heritage of humanity as well as the most important vehicle of cultural diversity. The main �constitutive factors� of ICH are represented by the �self-identification� of this heritage as an essential element of the cultural identity of its creators and bearers; by its constant recreation in response to the historical and social evolution of the communities and groups concerned; by its connection with the cultural identity of these communities and groups; by its authenticity; and by its indissoluble relationship with human rights. The international community has recently become conscious that ICH needs and deserves international safeguarding, triggering a legal process which culminated with the adoption in 2003 of the UNESCO Convention on the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage. This Convention correctly highlights the main elements of ICH and is based on the right philosophical rationale, but its operational part � structured on the model provided by the 1972 World Heritage Convention � appears to be inadequate to ensure appropriate safeguarding of the specificities of intangible heritage. This article argues that to correct such inadequacy, international safeguarding of ICH must rely on the concomitant application, even though in an indirect manner, of international human rights law, for the reason that ICH represents a component of cultural human rights and an essential prerequisite to ensure the actual realization and enjoyment of individual and collective rights of its creators and bearers.
236 citations
TL;DR: The role of building conservation has changed from preservation to being part of a broader strategy for urban regeneration and sustainability, and a growing body of opinion supports the view that adaptive reuse is a powerful strategy for handling this change as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Purpose – There is growing acceptance that heritage buildings are an important element of Australia's social capital and that heritage conservation provides economic, cultural and social benefits to urban communities. The decision whether to reuse a building entails a complex set of considerations including location, heritage, architectural assets, and market trends. The role of building conservation has changed from preservation to being part of a broader strategy for urban regeneration and sustainability. A growing body of opinion supports the view that adaptive reuse is a powerful strategy for handling this change. Urban development and subsequent redevelopment has a significant impact on the environment and the purpose of this paper is to investigate how the conservation of heritage buildings may contribute to a more sustainable urban environment.Design/methodology/approach – This paper examines the views and experiences of architects, developers and building managers who have been involved with the a...
203 citations
TL;DR: A review of the advances that have been made to establish terahertz applications in the cultural heritage conservation sector over the last several years is presented in this paper, which includes material spectroscopy, 2D and 3D imaging and tomographic studies.
Abstract: The authors present a review of the advances that have been made to establish terahertz applications in the cultural heritage conservation sector over the last several years. This includes material spectroscopy, 2D and 3D imaging and tomographic studies, using a broad range of terahertz sources demonstrating the breadth and application of this burgeoning community.
200 citations
28 Jul 2011
TL;DR: In this paper, the most prominent topics and applications of digital image processing, analysis, and computer graphics in the field of cultural heritage preservation are presented, along with a table of contents, illustrations, and figures that elucidate the presented concepts in detail.
Abstract: This edition presents the most prominent topics and applications of digital image processing, analysis, and computer graphics in the field of cultural heritage preservation. The text assumes prior knowledge of digital image processing and computer graphics fundamentals. Each chapter contains a table of contents, illustrations, and figures that elucidate the presented concepts in detail, as well as a chapter summary and a bibliography for further reading. Well-known experts cover a wide range of topics and related applications, including spectral imaging, automated restoration, computational reconstruction, digital reproduction, and 3D models.
186 citations
TL;DR: The recognition of the 1992 World Heritage Cultural Landscape categories, the IUCN Protected Landscapes and the 2005 merging of cultural and natural criteria for World Heritage purposes have been effective in bridging the gap between culture and nature in practice as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Cultural landscapes are intended to increase awareness that heritage places (sites) are not isolated islands and that there is an interdependence of people, social structures, and the landscape and associated ecological systems. The paper explores whether the recognition of the 1992 World Heritage Cultural Landscape categories, the IUCN Protected Landscapes and the 2005 merging of cultural and natural criteria for World Heritage purposes have been effective in bridging the gap between culture and nature philosophically and in practice. With particular reference to opportunities presented in the Asia-Pacific region, where traditionally culture and nature are not regarded as separate, people are part of nature, the paper will further critically review the nature–culture link and its implications for North American-style national parks where cultural associations may not be seen to be necessary or even desirable. It suggests the imperative of highlighting and respecting in heritage nominations and inscriptio...
145 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a corporate heritage identity framework is introduced, where the heritage identity construct is positioned vis-a-vis other related constructs such as nostalgia, tradition, and custom.
Abstract: Purpose – This article scrutinises the nature and salience of corporate heritage identities via the lens of the British Monarchy. A corporate heritage identity framework is introduced. The heritage identity construct is positioned vis‐a‐vis other related constructs such as nostalgia, tradition, and custom.Design/methodology/approach – An embedded case study informed by desktop research and a literature review of the British Monarchy and by an empirical‐collaborative study on the Swedish Monarchy. The paper is also informed by the literature on heritage and other historically‐related constructs.Findings – The notion of relative invariance is introduced. The latter is important since it explains why heritage identities can remain the same and yet have changed, namely: The Relative Invariance Notion. Corporate heritage identities and brands are invested with special qualities in that they are a melding of identity continuity, identity change and are also invested with the identities of time (times past, pres...
142 citations
TL;DR: This paper investigates how ICT tools can contribute to enhancing Cultural Heritage Education and attempts to answer the question concerning whether ICT can really provide any added value to Cultural Heritage pedagogy, education and learning.
TL;DR: This article proposes regarding Flickr as a social media platform annex database that enables the construction of infinite connections, and suggests that Flickr should be treated as a single data store for social media platforms.
Abstract: Photo sharing sites such as Flickr are commonly regarded either as spaces where communal views and experiences evolve as a result of picture exchange, or as visual archives where sharing pictures in the present naturally leads to a collective interpretation of the past. This article proposes regarding Flickr as a social media platform annex database that enables the construction of infinite connections. Platforms such as Flickr are firmly embedded in a culture of connectivity, a culture where the powerful structures of social networking sites are gradually penetrating the core of our daily routines and practices. What is often called ‘collective memory’ or ‘cultural heritage’ in relation to digital photo sharing sites is largely the result of data linked up by means of computer code and institutional protocols.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the problematic issues in public participation in built-heritage conservation and found that the issues include different preferences regarding what is worthy of conservation; the lack of an effective public participation mechanism and integrated heritage conservation approach in the decision-making process; the different and conflicting interests of various stakeholders; power disparity; propaganda and mobilisation of interest groups; and the lack knowledge on heritage conservation.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors explore awareness of the designation/logo, the meanings attached to the designation, the effects of designation on tourists' intended future behaviors, the relationship between number of World Heritage Site (WHSs) and a country's image, and relationship between perception of a site as part of the world heritage and tourist behaviors.
Abstract: Is the designation World Heritage Site (WHS) effective? Does it yield high net brand equity? The five research objectives in the present study seek to explore awareness of the designation/logo, the meanings attached to the designation, the effects of the designation on tourists’ intended future behaviors, the relationship between number of WHSs and a country’s image, and the relationship between perception of a site as part of the world heritage and tourist behaviors The postpositivistic research began with an exploratory stage followed by structured questionnaires focusing on a Christian heritage site in Israel The findings indicate only moderate awareness of the designation/logo barely affecting behaviors However, the cumulative effect of WHS designations is positively related to willingness to revisit a particular country In addition, the findings highlight the significance of the experientially based approach to the management of heritage sites
TL;DR: The UNESCO World Heritage List contains the 900 most treasured sites of humanity's culture and landscapes as mentioned in this paper and is beneficial where heritage sites are undetected, disregarded by national decision makers, not commercially exploitable, and where national financial resources, political control, and technical knowledge for conservation are inadequate.
Abstract: The UNESCO World Heritage List contains the 900 most treasured sites of humanity's culture and landscapes. This List is beneficial where heritage sites are undetected, disregarded by national decision‐makers, not commercially exploitable, and where national financial resources, political control, and technical knowledge for conservation are inadequate. Alternatives such as market and national conservation lists are more beneficial where the cultural and natural sites are already popular, markets work well, and where inclusion in the List does not raise the destruction potential by excessive tourism, and in times of war, or by terrorists.
Book•
26 Aug 2011
TL;DR: In this article, Past Mastering in the New South Africa: Naturalizing Cultural Heritage and Making Heritage Pay in the Rainbow Nation is discussed. But the authors focus on the past mastering in South Africa.
Abstract: Acknowledgments viii Abbreviations xiii Introduction: Past Mastering in the New South Africa 1 1 Naturalizing Cultural Heritage 13 2 Making Heritage Pay in the Rainbow Nation 37 3 It's Mine, It's Yours: Excavating Park Histories 63 4 Why Biodiversity Trumps Culture 98 5 Archaeologies of Failure 125 6 Thulamela: The Donors, the Archaeologist, his Gold, and the Flood 149 7 Kruger is a Gold Rock: Parastatal and Private Visions of the Good 176 Conclusions: Future Perfect 203 References 217 Index 248
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors explore the potential contradictions associated with heritage-based food systems and suggest that a more careful investigation of heritagebased initiatives' vulnerabilities is warranted, particularly with respect to the varied nature of local contexts.
TL;DR: In this paper, a cross-disciplinary thematic investigation into the relationship between cultural heritage and tourism is presented, which systematizes evidence on concepts, policies and strategies and provides an interpretive synthesis illuminating the factors deemed critical by researchers for the sustainable integration of heritage in tourism.
Abstract: This paper presents a cross-disciplinary thematic investigation into the relationship between cultural heritage and tourism. It systematizes evidence on concepts, policies and strategies and provides an interpretive synthesis illuminating the factors deemed critical by researchers for the sustainable integration of heritage and tourism. It seeks to find consilience to lead to a “new age of synthesis”. After an extensive literature review, 483 studies were selected and reviewed, assisted by a qualitative data analysis software (NVivo). The research followed the meta-synthesis approach, particularly meta-ethnography, of identifying findings, grouping findings into categories and grouping categories into synthesized findings, to produce a representative set of 15 synthesis factors. These include local involvement, education and training, authenticity and interpretation, sustainability-centered tourism management, integrated planning, incorporation into a wider sustainable development framework, controlled gr...
TL;DR: Brand heritage is a mixture of the history as well as the consistency and continuity of core values, product brands, and visual symbols as discussed by the authors, and a country's cultural heritage could be conceived as homogeneity and endurance.
Abstract: Purpose – Brand heritage is acknowledged as one of the future priorities in branding research. Adopting it in an international context is challenging. In order to maximise its use it is necessary to know how strong it and the target country's cultural heritage are. Accordingly, the aim of the study is to construct a pioneering operationalisation of both brand and cultural heritage.Design/methodology/approach – The study begins with a discussion on the focal concepts. Definitions are proposed and suggestions for operationalisation put forward. Thereafter, the concepts are applied in an analysis of brand heritage in different countries.Findings – It is suggested that brand heritage is a mixture of the history as well as the consistency and continuity of core values, product brands, and visual symbols. A country's cultural heritage could be conceived of as homogeneity and endurance.Research limitations/implications – The preliminary operationalisation of the concept needs to be further tested. Nevertheless, ...
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe the consequences on conservation theory and practice resulting from contemporary global trends, including the increasing involvement in the field by the general public and the broader social, economic and political roles that cultural heritage is being called upon to play in contemporary society.
Abstract: Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to describe the consequences on conservation theory and practice resulting from contemporary global trends, including the increasing involvement in the field by the general public and the broader social, economic and political roles that cultural heritage is being called upon to play in contemporary society.Design/methodology/approach – Based on observations and discussions in various international fora, it is argued that alongside traditional heritage places, a new paradigm for heritage sites has emerged whose values no longer rest entirely on material culture, but on intangible concepts for which traditional conservation practice often is neither effective nor applicable.Findings – Besides evidencing the evolution of the cultural conservation field as a continuous attempt to reconcile the conservation of cultural heritage and development, this paper reflects upon the role of the World Heritage Convention. It also puts forward several innovative ideas and potential ...
TL;DR: Digital technologies are transforming the way cultural heritage researchers, archaeologists, and curators work by providing new ways to collaborate, record excavations, and restore artifacts as mentioned in this paper, and they can be used for collaborative, collaborative, and restoration of artifacts.
Abstract: Digital technologies are transforming the way cultural heritage researchers, archaeologists, and curators work by providing new ways to collaborate, record excavations, and restore artifacts
TL;DR: In this article, the normative foundations of cultural heritage management and how this can be used to construct a bridge to processes of sustainable development are explored, while at the same time the international debate is intensifying as regards a reorientation of the concept of sustainability and to reemphasize its meaning in clear and unambiguous terms.
Abstract: Purpose – The paper aims to provide an introduction to the new journal, its scope and papers in the inaugural issue.Design/methodology/approach – The paper introduces the new journal by exploring the normative foundations of cultural heritage management and how this can be used to construct a bridge to processes of sustainable development. In doing so, the rationale is explained for a journal with this specialism, like JCHMSD, including potential areas for research. All this then is linked to the theme and respective papers especially selected for the inaugural issue.Findings – Increasingly the role of cultural heritage in processes of regeneration and sustainable development of cities and regions is being explored, while at the same time the international debate is intensifying as regards a re‐orientation of the concept of sustainability and to re‐emphasize its meaning in clear and unambiguous terms. In the build‐up to the review of the Millennium Development Goals in 2015, the international community by...
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a survey of scholarly literature on the subject of adaptive reuse within the discipline of heritage conservation and architecture, and identify four important gaps in existing theories on adaptive reuse.
Abstract: The paper presents a survey of scholarly literature on the subject of adaptive reuse within the discipline of heritage conservation and architecture. The different theories are compared and classified according to their approach towards adaptive reuse. Three main approaches can be distinguished: typological, technical and architectural strategies. Each approach is discussed separately and an overview of relevant literature is presented in a schematic way. To conclude, we indicate four important gaps in existing theories on adaptive reuse of historic buildings.
01 Dec 2011
TL;DR: In this article, Goldwasser et al. discuss the role of science, religion, and history in contemporary British Ghost Tourism, and present a survey of the past, present, and future of Ghost Tourism.
Abstract: 1 Contested Cultural Heritage: A Selective Historiography, Helaine Silverman.- 2 The Stratigraphy of Forgetting: The Great Mosque of Cordoba and Its Contested Legacy, D. Fairchild Ruggles.- 3 Aestheticized Geographies of Conflict: The Politicization of Culture and the Culture of Politics in Belfast's Mural Tradition, Alexandra Hartnett.- 4 Blood of Our Ancestors: Cultural Heritage Management in the Balkans, Michael L. Galaty.- 5 Re-imagining the National Past: Negotiating the Roles of Science, Religion, and History in Contemporary British Ghost Tourism, Michele M. Hanks.- 6 Collecting and Repatriating Egypt's Past: Toward a New Nationalism, Salima Ikram.- 7 National Identity Interrupted: The Mutilation of the Parthenon Marbles and the Greek Claim for Repatriation, Vasiliki Kynourgioupoulou.- 8 Syrian National Museums: Regional Politics and the Imagined Community, Kari A. Zobler.- 9 Contestation from the Top: Fascism in the Realm of Culture and Italy's Conception of the Past, Alvaro Higueras.- 10 Touring the Slave Route: Inaccurate Authenticities in Benin, West Africa, Timothy R. Landry.- 11 Carving the Nation: Zimbabwean Sculptors and the Contested Heritage of Aesthetics, Lance L. Larkin.- Afterword, El Pilar and Maya Cultural Heritage: Reflections of a Cheerful Pessimist, Anabel Ford.
TL;DR: The establishment of National Heritage Department of Malaysia in year 2006 has shown the government's effort to appreciate the existing of heritage buildings in Malaysia as mentioned in this paper, and the listing of George Town and Malacca as UNESCO Heritage site on 7 July 2008 has put Malaysia as of the country to promote heritage tourism.
22 Jun 2011
TL;DR: This paper presents a mobile-AR educational game for iPhones that has been developed for the archaeological site and the exhibition area at Sutton Hoo and aids visitors’ understanding of the site and its history via an engaging and playful game.
Abstract: This paper introduces an approach of using mobile Augmented Reality (mobile-AR) in cultural organisations, such as museums and archaeological sites, for information provision and enhancing the visiting experience. We demonstrate our approach by presenting a mobile-AR educational game for iPhones that has been developed for the archaeological site and the exhibition area at Sutton Hoo. This pilot aids visitors’ understanding of the site and its history via an engaging and playful game that connects the site with the British Museum where the objects that have been excavated from the site are exhibited. The paper discusses stakeholders’ requirements, the system architecture and concludes with lessons learned and future work.
TL;DR: Understanding the politics of heritage, edited by Rodney Harrison, Manchester, Manchester University Press, 2010, 328 pp., £24.99 (pbk), ISBN 9780719081521 This is one of three books in a series as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Understanding the politics of heritage, edited by Rodney Harrison, Manchester, Manchester University Press, 2010, 328 pp., £24.99 (pbk), ISBN 9780719081521 This is one of three books in a series en...
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the appeal of the five genres of authenticity in the case of Mount Athos, a religious heritage, or in other words, pilgrimage landscape located in northern Greece, which can be considered as the last surviving byzantine complex of monasteries.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors explore a range of issues in sustainable tourism, including the use of tourism as a tool for social, economic, and environmental issues in rural areas in China.
Abstract: In China, sites categorised as UNESCO World Heritage Sites are commonly used as a means of economic regeneration through tourism development. This study is of a recent addition to the list, the diaolou (fortified tower houses) of Kaiping, Guangdong, in South China. This rural zone, characterised by past emigration and farming, is in the early stages of tourism development. The study, based on interviews and a survey, permits findings to be compared with other rural areas in China such as Hungcun and the Tangyue Arches of Bao Village in Anhui, and thus while similarities in attitudes are found, in Kaiping differences exist whereby tourism has been found to permit entrepreneurial activities while retaining an agricultural base as the “new tourism rich” employ others to continue farming. The work is contextualised within a model of evolving literature related to tourism impacts on communities. The paper explores a range of issues in sustainable tourism, including the use of tourism as a tool for social, econ...
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors explore and draw out production and consumption indicators of cultural heritage resources in both their tangible and intangible composition, and conclude that participation principles of sustainable development are more applicable as a point of departure towards integration of sustainability into cultural heritage resource management as communities are carriers and immediate custodians of cultural resources.
Abstract: Strategies for the management of cultural heritage resources within a sustainable development concept framework are examined. In line with the 1992 Rio Declaration principles of sustainable development, the paper suggests sustainability principles relating to community participation as more relevant for the field of cultural heritage resource management in Botswana. The article illustrates this relevance by exploring and drawing out production and consumption indicators of cultural heritage resources in both their tangible and intangible composition. It concludes that participation principles of sustainable development are more applicable as a point of departure towards integration of sustainability into cultural heritage resource management as communities are carriers and immediate custodians of cultural resources in Africa. Conservation processes that set limits of acceptable change for resource use are suggested within a modified framework that links community interaction with cultural resources at both social and resource management levels. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.