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Showing papers on "Cultural heritage published in 2015"


MonographDOI
30 Nov 2015
TL;DR: Theory and concepts of heritage in Plural Societies as mentioned in this paper have been studied in the context of Pluralising Past References Index (PIRI) for a long time.
Abstract: List of figures Acknowledgements 1. Introduction: Heritage and Plurality Part I: The Conceptual Context 2. Culture and Plural Identities 3. Towards Pluralising Pasts: Theories and Concepts of Heritage 4. Place, Identity and Heritage Part II: A Typology of Plural Societies 5. Nature and Types of Plural Society Part III: Heritage in Plural Societies 6. Heritage in Assimilation Models 7. Heritage in Melting Pot Models 8. Heritage in Core+ Models 9. Heritage in Pillar Models 10. Heritage in Salad Bowl Models 11. Conclusion: The Future of Pluralising the Past References Index

322 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors established relationships among the concepts of culturally specific motivation, perception of authenticity, engagement and attendant behavioral consequences based on domestic visitors' experiences at Japanese heritage sites and further extended Kolar and Zabkar's model of authenticity by including concepts of serious leisure, heritage related behaviors, self-connection and their effects over engagement using Partial Least Square, whereby both formative and reflective scales are included.

211 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors argue that heritage functions toward assembling futures, and thus might be more productively connected with other pressing social, economic, political, and ecological issues of our time.
Abstract: The critique of the separation of natural and cultural heritage is now well established. Rather than repeat arguments against what many would now acknowledge as an artificial separation, this paper considers the implications of working within the expanded field that is created for heritage when the dissolution of the boundaries between natural and cultural heritage is taken as given. I argue that embracing this dissolution allows us to reorient and reconceptualize heritage. Heritage is understood here as a series of diplomatic properties that emerge in the dialogue of heterogeneous human and non-human actors who are engaged in practices of caring for and attending to the past in the present. As such, heritage functions toward assembling futures, and thus might be more productively connected with other pressing social, economic, political, and ecological issues of our time. Indeed, we need not look far to comprehend alternative forms of heritage-making that already model such connectivity ontologie...

203 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a lobbying action for energy retrofit of historic/historical buildings, managed by the national Cultural Heritage authorities, which can steers EU policy in a more effective way towards energy retrofitting of historic and architectural valuable buildings.

181 citations


01 May 2015
TL;DR: In this article, the authors argue that heritage functions towards assembling futures, and thus might be more productively connected with other pressing social, economic, political, and ecological issues of our time.
Abstract: The critique of the separation of natural and cultural heritage is now well established. Rather than repeat arguments against what many would now acknowledge as an artificial separation, this paper considers the implications of working within the expanded field that is created for heritage when the dissolution of the boundaries between natural and cultural heritage is taken as given. I argue that embracing this dissolution allows us to reorient and reconceptualize heritage. Heritage is understood here as a series of diplomatic properties that emerge in the dialogue of heterogeneous human and non-human actors who are engaged in practices of caring for and attending to the past in the present. As such, heritage functions towards assembling futures, and thus might be more productively connected with other pressing social, economic, political, and ecological issues of our time. Indeed, we need not look far to comprehend alternative forms of heritage-making that already model such connectivity ontologies. Fundamental to understanding the value of these alternative heritage ontologies is the recognition of ontological plurality: that different forms of heritage practices enact different realities and hence work to assemble different futures. Following on from this point, I sketch out an ontological politics of and for heritage—a sense of how heritage could be oriented towards composing “common worlds” or “common futures”, whilst maintaining a sensitivity to the ways in which each domain of heritage relates to a particular mode of existence. At stake here is the acknowledgement that each such mode of existence produces its own particular worlds and its own specific futures. I do this within the context of a consideration of the implications of the recognition of a certain set of entanglements of culture with nature, the folding together of what we used to term the human and the non-human, which characterizes our contemporary moment. To illustrate these points, I introduce the framework for a new collaborative research program, “Assembling alternative futures for heritage,” which considers the implications of working across an expanded field of heritage practices and attempts to reconfigure the relationship between heritage and other modalities of caring for the future.

168 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The capabilities and characteristics of the 3DHOP framework are presented, using different examples based on concrete projects, to demonstrate the power and flexibility of the framework.

152 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the principles and possible approaches for the safety assessment of old timber structures of historical relevance that could be used as the basis for possible European Standards, as discussed with CEN/TC346 (Conservation of Cultural Heritage).
Abstract: In the scope of European Cooperation in Science and Technology–Wood Science for Conservation of Cultural Heritage (COST IE0601–WoodCultHer) (available at http://www.woodculther.org) it was agreed to produce Guidelines for the Assessment of Historic Timber Structures, covering the principles and possible approaches for the safety assessment of old timber structures of historical relevance that could be used as the basis for possible European Standards, as discussed with CEN/TC346 (Conservation of Cultural Heritage).This approach was targeted at all those concerned with the conservation of heritage buildings. These guidelines should also help decision-making regarding the need for immediate safety measures. The aim is to guarantee that inspection and assessment measures provide the necessary data for historical analysis, structural safety assessment, and planning of intervention works, while having minimal impact on the building fabric (the original materials, structural systems, and techniques).This articl...

150 citations



Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Tackling the degradation of cultural heritage requires a global effort and material scientists are urged to develop new nanomaterials and methods for the preservation of artwork.
Abstract: Tackling the degradation of cultural heritage requires a global effort. We call on all material scientists to develop new nanomaterials and methods for the preservation of artwork.

136 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss the evolution and state-of-the-art of the use of Building Information Modelling (BIM) in the field of culture heritage documentation.
Abstract: . We discuss the evolution and state-of-the-art of the use of Building Information Modelling (BIM) in the field of culture heritage documentation. BIM is a hot theme involving different characteristics including principles, technology, even privacy rights for the cultural heritage objects. Modern documentation needs identified the potential of BIM in the recent years. Many architects, archaeologists, conservationists, engineers regard BIM as a disruptive force, changing the way professionals can document and manage a cultural heritage structure. The latest years, there are many developments in the BIM field while the developed technology and methods challenged the cultural heritage community in the documentation framework. In this review article, following a brief historic background for the BIM, we review the recent developments focusing in the cultural heritage documentation perspective.

129 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examine trends from the last decade of UNESCO's World Heritage Committee meetings, specifically the nominations of properties for inscription on the World Heritage List, and suggest that the recommendations presented by UNESCO's Advisory Bodies are increasingly at odds with the final de...
Abstract: Why have deliberations over World Heritage sites become such a volatile arena for the performance of international tensions, new political alliances and challenges to global cooperation? Across UN platforms, the failures of multilateralism are increasingly evident. We suggest that decision-making within the World Heritage Committee is no different given that politicisation is now rife throughout their deliberations. Specifically we ask how have multipolarity and fragmentation developed within United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation’s (UNESCO) World Heritage programme, an organisation dedicated to peace building, tolerance and mutual understanding and international co-operation? This paper examines trends from the last decade of UNESCO’s World Heritage Committee meetings, specifically the nominations of properties for inscription on the World Heritage List. Our findings suggest that the recommendations presented by UNESCO’s Advisory Bodies are increasingly at odds with the final de...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A multidisciplinary approach, based on remote sensing techniques and Geographical Information System (GIS) analysis, is presented, in order to assess the overall risk in the Paphos district (Cyprus), which has a great deal of archaeological sites and isolated monuments.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors analyse how the Chinese Government imposes the concept of authenticity on local heritage practices in the process of heritage nomination, conservation and management, and propose three cultural effects of authentication on local cultural practice, namely spatial separation, emotional banishment and value shifting.
Abstract: In this study, I analyse how the Chinese Government imposes the concept of authenticity on local heritage practices in the process of heritage nomination, conservation and management. Rather than discussing authenticity as an objective criterion, I approach authentication as a social process in the heritage discourse that impacts on local cultural practice. Through illustrating two cases in China, I propose three cultural effects of authentication on local heritage practices, namely spatial separation, emotional banishment and value shifting. Moreover, the heritage practices in China have created space for dynamic negotiations between local and global value systems. When the concept of authenticity is imposed on local heritage practices by heritage agencies, local communities are not passive recipients; rather, they consume, contest and negotiate the concept of authenticity in various ways.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This paper identified hypothetical relationships among motivation, nostalgia, and memorable tourism experiences in a restaurant reconstructed from an old railway station and provided suggestions for enhancing memorable experiences and guidance regarding reused buildings at heritage sites.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors report results from the large-scale integrated EU project "Climate for Culture" and assess the potential impact of gradual climate change on historic buildings and on the vast collections they contain.
Abstract: The present study reports results from the large-scale integrated EU project “Climate for Culture”. The full name, or title, of the project is Climate for Culture: damage risk assessment, economic impact and mitigation strategies for sustainable preservation of cultural heritage in times of climate change. This paper focusses on implementing high resolution regional climate models together with new building simulation tools in order to predict future outdoor and indoor climate conditions. The potential impact of gradual climate change on historic buildings and on the vast collections they contain has been assessed. Two moderate IPCC emission scenarios A1B and RCP 4.5 were used to predict indoor climates in historic buildings from the recent past until the year 2100. Risks to the building and to the interiors with valuable artifacts were assessed using damage functions. A set of generic building types based on data from existing buildings were used to transfer outdoor climate conditions to indoor conditions using high resolution climate projections for Europe and the Mediterranean. The high resolution climate change simulations have been performed with the regional climate model REMO over the whole of Europe including the Mediterranean region. Whole building simulation tools and a simplified building model were developed for historic buildings; they were forced with high resolution climate simulations. This has allowed maps of future climate-induced risks for historic buildings and their interiors to be produced. With this procedure future energy demands for building control can also be calculated. With the newly developed method described here not only can outdoor risks for cultural heritage assets resulting from climate change be assessed, but also risks for indoor collections. This can be done for individual buildings as well as on a larger scale in the form of European risk maps. By using different standardized and exemplary artificial buildings in modelling climate change impact, a comparison between different regions in Europe has become possible for the first time. The methodology will serve heritage owners and managers as a decision tool, helping them to plan more effectively mitigation and adaption measures at various levels.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Singapore has undergone rapid urbanization after its independence in 1965, with a concomitant decline in natural habitat extent and accessibility, though mangroves still play an important cultural role in a heavily urbanized environment.
Abstract: Cultural ecosystem services are a function of people and place, so may change as a location transitions from rural to urban. Singapore has undergone rapid urbanization after its independence in 1965, with a concomitant decline in natural habitat extent and accessibility. Using coastal mangrove forests as a case study habitat, changing cultural values were explored with a novel array of techniques, including qualitative archival analysis (photographs, oral histories), current sources (publically uploaded social media photographs), and surveys of (a) the general public and (b) visitors to publically accessible mangroves. Cultural value changed through time, with a significant transition from intrinsic, intrapersonal values (spiritual, cultural heritage) to instrumental, interpersonal values (recreation, education). Additionally, cultural value varied between different mangroves depending on their public accessibility, and the evolving degree of human interaction with the ecosystem as urban development occured. Cultural values change as development transitions, though mangroves still play an important cultural role in a heavily urbanized environment.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The authors examines recent research on identity and heritage language education in the United States, including survey-based research that considered identity in the exploration of students' reasons for heritage language study, in addition to qualitative and ethnographic research that focused specifically on heritage language learners' sense of themselves and their relationship to the heritage language, as well as on the ways that heritage language learner identities are constructed, indexed, and negotiated in classroom settings.
Abstract: Despite the frequent references to identity within the field of heritage language education, it is only in the past decade or so that scholars have begun to conduct empirical research on this topic. This article examines recent research on identity and heritage language education in the United States. The article begins with a discussion of the simultaneous development of heritage language education as a field and growth of interest in identity and language learning, followed by a critical examination of the terms “heritage language” and “heritage language education,” as well as of “heritage language learner” as an identity category. Next is a review of empirical studies conducted within the past 5 years, including survey-based research that considered identity in the exploration of students’ reasons for heritage language study, in addition to qualitative and ethnographic research that focused specifically on heritage language learners’ sense of themselves and their relationship to the heritage language, as well as on the ways that heritage language learner identities are constructed, indexed, and negotiated in classroom settings. The next section looks at recent research on pedagogical approaches designed to engage heritage language learners in critical considerations of language and identity. The article concludes with suggestions for future research.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A review of analytical chemistry in the field of cultural heritage can be found in this paper, where a large number of analytical methodologies and tools (molecular and elemental spectroscopic techniques, chemometrics, chemical reactivity and modeling, etc.) are used to define: (a) the impacts of environmental stressors (natural and anthropogenic), (b) the decaying (chemical reactions) pathways of such materials in the surrounding environment, (c) the development of new remediation (cleaning, consolidation, rehabilitation, etc.).
Abstract: This review covers past and present developments of analytical chemistry in the field of Cultural Heritage (CH), from the methods of characterization of materials to the procedures aiming at diagnosing the state of conservation of CH assets. A large number of analytical methodologies and tools (molecular and elemental spectroscopic techniques, chemometrics, chemical reactivity and modeling, etc.) are now available to define: (a) the impacts of environmental stressors (natural and anthropogenic), (b) the decaying (chemical reactions) pathways of such materials in the surrounding environment, (c) the development of new remediation (cleaning, consolidation, rehabilitation, etc.) processes based on the chemical knowledge and (d) the transfer of such knowledge to conservation departments in museums and companies working in the field of CH. Two important issues are highlighted in this review. One is the important role of analytical chemistry in this field, although its role was forgotten until a few decades ago; nowadays there are hundreds of papers demonstrating the important role of analytical chemistry practitioners in many kinds of CH actions. The other is the societal impact of the issues related to the study of heritage (i.e., rock art paintings, Pompeii, paintings in medieval churches, famous artists, etc.) where analytical chemists are key professionals especially if portable instruments are used in field work. Finally a special consideration will be paid to future developments and how analytical chemistry can give added value to the research in CH.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This article examined and compared the experiences of visitors to three different Christian religious heritage sites: Canterbury Cathedral, the Shrine of Our Lady of Walsingham and the Glastonbury Abbey Christian pilgrimage festival.
Abstract: This research examines and compares the experiences of visitors (N=534) to three different Christian religious heritage sites: Canterbury Cathedral, the Shrine of Our Lady of Walsingham and the Glastonbury Abbey Christian pilgrimage festival. Employing the activity, setting, experience and benefit framework, the findings indicate that the three religious sites attract visitors who seek different kinds of experiences and report different kinds of benefits. Results indicate that restorative experiences and benefits often overshadow the spiritual or cognitive benefits that many believe to be the primary outcomes of religious tourism. These results challenge traditional ideas about what it means to be a visitor at historical religious sites. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Received 19 March 2014; Revised 03 June 2014; Accepted 18 June 2014

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This paper presents the design and implementation of a novel multipurpose system for creating single smart spaces (), a new concept of intelligent environment, that relies on innovative sensors board named smart crickets and an ad hoc proximity strategy; by following the Internet of Things paradigm the proposed system is able to transform a cultural space in a smart cultural environment to enhance the enjoyment and satisfaction of the involved people.
Abstract: The relationship between cultural heritage domain and new technologies has always been complex, dialectical and often inspired by the human desire to induce these spaces not created for that purpose, to pursue technological trends, eventually offering to the end-users devices and innovative technologies that could become a ‘dead weight’ during their cultural experiences. However, by means of innovative technological applications and location-based services it is possible to shorten the distance between cultural spaces and their visitors, nowadays determined by the purely aesthetic and essentially passive fruition of cultural objects. This paper presents the design and implementation of a novel multipurpose system for creating single smart spaces , a new concept of intelligent environment, that relies on innovative sensors board named smart crickets and an ad hoc proximity strategy; by following the Internet of Things paradigm the proposed system is able to transform a cultural space in a smart cultural environment to enhance the enjoyment and satisfaction of the involved people. To assess the effectiveness of our solution, we have experienced two real case studies, the first one situated within an art exhibition indoor, and the second one concerning an historical building outdoor. In this way, technology can become a mediator between visitors and fruition, an instrument of connection between people, objects and spaces to create new social, economic and cultural opportunities.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A critical analysis of the strategy used by two common employed software: the commercial suite Agisoft Photoscan and the open source tool MicMac realized by IGN France is focused on.
Abstract: . 3D detailed models derived from digital survey techniques have increasingly developed and focused in many field of application. The high detailed content and accuracy of such models make them so attractive and usable for large sets of purposes in Cultural Heritage. The present paper focuses on one of the main techniques used nowadays for Cultural Heritage survey and documentation: the image matching approach or Structure from Motion (SfM) technique. According to the low cost nature and the rich content of derivable information, these techniques are extremely strategic in poor available resources sectors such as Cultural Heritage documentation. After an overview of the employed algorithms and used approaches of SfM computer vision based techniques, the paper is focused in a critical analysis of the strategy used by two common employed software: the commercial suite Agisoft Photoscan and the open source tool MicMac realized by IGN France. The experimental section is focused on the description of applied tests (from RPAS data to terrestrial acquisitions), purposed to compare different solutions in various featured study cases. Finally, the accuracy assessment of the achieved products is compared and analyzed according to the strategy employed by the studied software.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Wang et al. as discussed by the authors created a set of cultural heritage risk maps to predict cultural heritage vulnerabilities based on irreversible cultural characteristics that can never be duplicated after being destroyed and analyzed the feasibility of using parks as water detention areas to reduce flood damage temporarily not only to cultural heritage areas but to human lives and property, as well.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a method for quickly evaluating relative resource vulnerability at national, regional, and local scales, using data that is available for all United States coastlines, as well as many other coastlines around the world.
Abstract: Twenty-first-century global warming poses a significant threat to the cultural heritage of coastal regions, but the effects of sea-level rise and changing weather patterns will not be evenly distributed. In addition, continued urban, agricultural, and industrial development concentrated in coastal areas contributes to the destruction of cultural resources. Mitigation of these threats requires rapid action on the part of archaeologists and public land managers. This study presents a method for quickly evaluating relative resource vulnerability at national, regional, and local scales, using data that is available for all United States coastlines, as well as many other coastlines around the world. Three regional case studies—the mountainous coast of California's Santa Barbara Channel, the wetlands and sandy shores of Texas, and the protected estuarine shores of Virginia's Chesapeake Bay—are compared to shoreline vulnerability for the United States as a whole. In each of these regions, sites have alre...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the focus of this paper would be on the non-technical users who need to gain an overall comprehension of these new emerging tools in order to make the best advantage of these tools in the cultural heritage field.
Abstract: . Cultural Heritage is known as an invaluable asset of human being, which portrays his achievements over centuries. The need for identification and preservation of cultural heritage is well understood and experts‟ attempt is to exploit any possible method to fulfill this aim. There are several published literatures and documents, which emphasize on the importance of the documentation of the cultural heritage such as Burra Charter. However, with the development of human and invention of new tools and technologies, the concept of the conservation of cultural heritage has changed considerably. The new technologies such as computers and digital tools have opened new windows and bestowed new opportunities in the process of conservation of cultural heritage. In this regard, it is important to review different technologies in order to make the best advantage of these tools in the cultural heritage field. The focus of this paper would be on the non-technical users who need to gain an overall comprehension of these new emerging tools. The foundation of this paper will be on the existing literatures published by various experts in addition to the author‟s experience and research in the conservation field.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The AiCARR Guidelines as mentioned in this paper provide information to evaluate and improve the energy performance of historic buildings, fully respecting their significance and expression; where applicable these Guidelines will include the most recent legislation on the subject existing in Italy.

William Logan1
01 Jan 2015
TL;DR: In this article, the linkages between conserving cultural heritage, maintaining cultural diversity and enforcing human rights are investigated, and it is argued that there can be many motives behind official heritage interventions, that such action is sometimes taken primarily to achieve political goals, and that it can undermine rather than strengthen community identity and cultural diversity.
Abstract: The present article investigates the linkages between conserving cultural heritage, maintaining cultural diversity and enforcing human rights. While there seems to be a growing awareness of these linkages in international heritage and human rights circles, they remain poorly understood by many heritage practitioners who see their conservation work merely as a technical matter. The article argues that it is essential for practitioners engaged in heritage conservation projects to understand the broader economic, political and social context of their work. However, heritage scholars and teachers, too, need to recognise that there can be many motives behind official heritage interventions, that such action is sometimes taken primarily to achieve political goals, and that it can undermine rather than strengthen community identity, cultural diversity and human rights. Such a reorientation is an extension of the paradigm shift in which heritage is understood as cultural practice. In this more critical heritage studies discipline human rights are brought to the foreground as the most significant part of the international heritage of humanity.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The genealogy of modern heritage exposes the entanglement of heritage, entitlement, resources, and property and underpins the frame of the modern nation-state as discussed by the authors, and highlights the implications of this genealogy for the processes of objectification, recognition, and new, expanded, ethical subject positions.
Abstract: This review unpacks some of the assumptions that underpin contemporary national heritage regimes. The genealogy of modern heritage exposes the entanglement of heritage, entitlement, resources, and property and underpins the frame of the modern nation-state. The article also highlights the implications of this genealogy for the processes of objectification, recognition, and new, expanded, ethical subject positions.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Most efforts to evaluate the impact of the war in Syria on the country's cultural heritage have struggled with the highly politicized nature of reporting and the total absence of evidence from many experts.
Abstract: Most efforts to evaluate the impact of the war in Syria on the country's cultural heritage have struggled with the highly politicized nature of reporting and the total absence of evidence from many...

Proceedings ArticleDOI
19 Jun 2015
TL;DR: In this article, a UAV was used to document the cultural heritage site of Asinou Church in Cyprus using various state-of-the-art techniques, such as UAV, photogrammetry and 3D printing.
Abstract: As the affordability, reliability and ease-of-use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) advances, the use of aerial surveying for cultural heritage purposes becomes a popular choice, yielding an unprecedented volume of high-resolution, geo-tagged image-sets of historical sites from above. As well, recent developments in photogrammetry technology provide a simple and cost-effective method of generating relatively accurate 3D models from 2D images. These techniques provide a set of new tools for archaeologists and cultural heritage experts to capture, store, process, share, visualise and annotate 3D models in the field. This paper focuses on the methodology used to document the cultural heritage site of Asinou Church in Cyprus using various state of the art techniques, such as UAV, photogrammetry and 3D printing. Hundreds of images of the Asinou Church were taken by a UAV with an attached high resolution, low cost camera. These photographic images were then used to create a digital 3D model and a 3D printer was used to create a physical model of the church. Such a methodology provides archaeologists and cultural heritage experts a simple and cost-effective method of generating relatively accurate 3D models from 2D images of cultural heritage sites.