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Culture change

About: Culture change is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 1531 publications have been published within this topic receiving 41922 citations. The topic is also known as: cultural change & culture changes.


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14 Mar 2012
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors explore definitions of and approaches to organisational culture and culture change in higher education and present a critique of more popular technical rationalist approaches for the management of change.
Abstract: PUBLISHED VERSION: Organisational culture and culture change are related concepts which have their origins in organisational studies, but also have relevance to higher education and the constitution of contemporary universities. This paper first explores definitions of and approaches to organisational culture and culture change. Two specific theories are then favoured as being particularly useful when planning and undertaking change initiatives in higher education environments – these being ‘multiple cultural configurations’ and the ‘meso’ theory. Based on a literature review of thirty six studies, arguments are put forward for their wider application in higher education change contexts. In addition, a critique of more popular technical rationalist approaches for the management of change is presented.

4 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Breastfeeding remained at the same level even after the champion doctors had moved away, and the quantification of the elements of Kangaroo care, that is skin-to-skin contact and breastfeeding separately, is a strength of this study and should be encouraged in future studies.
Abstract: Evidence-based medicine is the basis for quality improvement,but if it is tomakeadifferenceinclinicalpractice itneeds to be applied in partnership with patients (1). It is very common to have a long time gap between sufficient research evidence and a change in practice. For example, the use of phototherapy (2) and antenatal corticosteroids (3) was appropriately applied several years, or evendecades, after the evidence was provided about their effectiveness. Because even such simple therapies can be difficult to implement, the challenge understandably becomes bigger when it comes to complex clinical interventions (4), such as skin-to-skin contact between parents and infants or family-centred care. The evidenceaboutthebenefitsofKangaroocarehadalreadybeen summarisedinaCochranereportby2000(5),buttherearestill considerable worldwide variations in uptake in developed and developing countries and even within countries. After sufficient evidence has been provided, the implementation of evidence-based practices such as skin-to-skin contact and breastfeeding, the element of Kangaroo care, is dependent on contextual factors and facilitation (6). Facilitators are crucial in translating the evidence into clinical practice, as shown by Soni et al. in this issue of Acta Paediatrica (7). They showed that two doctors were the key facilitators in promoting skin-to-skin contact in neonates admitted to an Indian neonatal intensive care unit. Although any professional, or volunteer, working in a neonatal unit could take on the role of a facilitator, the two doctors were the strong promoters of skin-to-skin contact in this unit. In neonatal units, the involvement of all professionals in the team is required to make a practice change. This has been shown, for example, in infant pain management, where one study found that effective collaboration between doctors and nurses was the strongest predictor for successful pain management (8). After the practice change, the next challenge is to secure the sustainability of the new practice, which requires a change in the care culture of the unit. The change can be regarded as successful when it has reached all individual staff members. Thereafter, the risk of regressing back to old practices becomes smaller, even if some individuals moved away. According to the study reported in this issue (7), breastfeeding remained at the same level even after the champion doctors had moved to other units. However, some of the elements required for sustainability in the everyday practice of skin-to-skin contact had not been reached, as there was a significant decrease in the skinto-skin practice after the champions had moved away. The stable rate in breastfeeding suggested that the difference was not in the mothers’ presence. There has been far too little research about the key components and mechanisms that are needed to effect sufficient culture change to ensure the sustainability of new practices (9), especially the elements of successful leadership. To learn more about successful culture change, the evaluation of complex interventions is needed together with follow-up to evaluate the final patient outcomes. The quantification of the elements of Kangaroo care, that is skin-to-skin contact and breastfeeding separately, is a strength of this study and should be encouraged in future studies (7). The paper by Soni et al. (7) provides us with information about one mechanism that can be used to initiate culture change. The team work between the doctors, nurses and parents was shown to reach the desired goal when the champion doctors provided enthusiastic support for the team, in order to help the parents to provide skin–skin contact for their baby. Even if there are big challenges, we should find ways to support the sustainability of these opportunities for better care.

4 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This work believes future doctors should be taught public health through a social science lens and encouraged to think and debate so as to nurture a broad understanding of health.

4 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Some consequences of the demise of indigenous play will be highlighted, through observation and analytical comparison of children’s play in three generations, as well as the impact of modernization and social change, including sedentarization.
Abstract: This article aims to provide an insight into play as an important aspect of children’s lives in an under-studied area of Iran. Our observations focus on the province of Kohgilouyeh and Boyer Ahmad with its ancient nomadic cultures. Through first-hand knowledge and lived experiences, supplemented by available literature, we seek to look at children’s games in the frame of culture change, exploring their relationship with children’s health and wellbeing. Play, as in every region in the world, conveys and reflects the dominant culture and teaches the values of the society in which the children live in the here and now and in which they will have to function as adults. Yet, types of play are not static. They develop alongside social, political and economic changes and embrace new forms emerging from modern lifestyles. The latter sometimes come into conflict with and challenge the local culture and traditional types of play, which are based on the lives and histories of the indigenous peoples and local communities. A sample of traditional tribal forms of play is analyzed for their health, entertainment and fun aspects. Such play allows children to prepare for life’s realities, in particular for a life of cooperation. By contrast, whilst also providing children with tools and skills for the needs of modern life, new types of play focus more on competition and individualism. This divergence expressed in different types of play widens the generation gap and contributes to alienation. The shift from a collective to individualistic lifestyle thus has an unsettling impact on the community and impacts on the emotional and physical wellbeing of children. We will describe types of play and their role in the holistic development of nomadic children, as well as the impact of modernization and social change, including sedentarization. The article will highlight some consequences of the demise of indigenous play, through observation and analytical comparison of children’s play in three generations. Based on the insights gained, the authors offer recommendations on how to restore traditional play and games through redesigning them to be capable of adaptation to changes in lifestyles.

4 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
202319
202239
202141
202052
201949
201857