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Showing papers on "Curcumin published in 1991"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It appears that when given orally, curcumin is far less active than after i.p. administration, and systemic effects seem to be questionable after oral application except that they occur at very low concentrations ofCurcumin, which does not exclude a local action in the gastrointestinal tract.
Abstract: The data reviewed indicate that extracts of Curcuma longa exhibit anti-inflammatory activity after parenteral application in standard animal models used for testing anti-inflammatory activity It turned out that curcumin and the volatile oil are at least in part responsible for this action It appears that when given orally, curcumin is far less active than after ip administration This may be due to poor absorption, as discussed Data on histamine-induced ulcers are controversial, and studies on the secretory activity (HCl, pepsinogen) are still lacking In vitro, curcumin exhibited antispasmodic activity Since there was a protective effect of extracts of Curcuma longa on the liver and a stimulation of bile secretion in animals, Curcuma longa has been advocated for use in liver disorders Evidence for an effect on liver disease in humans is not yet available From the facts that after oral application only traces of curcumin were found in the blood and that, on the other hand, most of the curcumin is excreted via the faeces it may be concluded that curcumin is absorbed poorly by the gastrointestinal tract and/or underlies presystemic transformation Systemic effects therefore seem to be questionable after oral application except that they occur at very low concentrations of curcumin This does not exclude a local action in the gastrointestinal tract

1,714 citations


Journal Article
TL;DR: The inhibitory effects of curcumin, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, and ferulic acid on TPA-induced tumor promotion in mouse epidermis parallel their inhibitory effect on T PA-induced epidermal inflammation and epider mal lipoxygenase and cyclo oxygengenase activities.
Abstract: Topical application of curcumin, the yellow pigment in turmeric and curry, strongly inhibited 12- O -tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced ornithine decarboxylase activity, DNA synthesis, and tumor promotion in mouse skin (Huang et al. , Cancer Res., 48: 5941–5946, 1988). Chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, and ferulic acid (structurally related dietary compounds) were considerably less active. In the present study, topical application of curcumin markedly inhibited TPA- and arachidonic acid-induced epidermal inflammation (ear edema) in mice, but chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, and ferulic acid were only weakly active or inactive. The in vitro addition of 3, 10, 30, or 100 µm curcumin to cytosol from homogenates of mouse epidermis inhibited the metabolism of arachidonic acid to 5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (5-HETE) by 40, 60, 66, or 83%, respectively, and the metabolism of arachidonic acid to 8-HETE was inhibited by 40, 51, 77, or 85%, respectively [IC 50 (concentration needed for 50% inhibition) = 5–10 µm]. Chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, or ferulic acid (100 µm) inhibited the metabolism of arachidonic acid to 5-HETE by 36, 10, or 16%, respectively, and these hydroxylated cinnamic acid derivatives inhibited the metabolism of arachidonic acid to 8-HETE by 37, 20, or 10%, respectively (IC 50 > 100 µm). The metabolism of arachidonic acid to prostaglandin E 2 , prostaglandin F 2α , and prostaglandin D 2 by epidermal microsomes was inhibited approximately 50% by the in vitro addition of 5–10 µm curcumin. Chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, and ferulic acid (100 µm) were inactive. In vitro rat brain protein kinase C activity was not affected by 50–200 µm curcumin, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, or ferulic acid. The inhibitory effects of curcumin, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, and ferulic acid on TPA-induced tumor promotion in mouse epidermis parallel their inhibitory effects on TPA-induced epidermal inflammation and epidermal lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase activities.

613 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: These findings show that the effect of curcumin on phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-induced inflammation/tumor promotion could be studied at the molecular level.
Abstract: Curcumin, a dietary pigment responsible for the yellow color of curry, is a potent inhibitor of tumor promotion by phorbol esters. Functional activation of transcriptional factor c-Jun/AP-1 is believed to play an important role in signal transduction of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-induced tumor promotion. Suppression of the c-Jun/AP-1 activation by curcumin is observed in mouse fibroblast cells. In vitro experiments indicate that inhibition of c-Jun/AP-1 binding to its cognate motif by curcumin may be responsible for the inhibition of c-Jun/AP-1-mediated gene expression. These findings show that the effect of curcumin on phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-induced inflammation/tumor promotion could be studied at the molecular level.

391 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Examination of the structural features of curcumin required for its biological activity indicate that free hydroxyl groups on the benzene rings are not required for inhibition of TPA-induced ornithine decarboxylase activity and inflammation in mouse skin.

192 citations


Journal Article
TL;DR: It is suggested that the spices--turmeric, red pepper, ginger and mustard can stimulate the conversion of cholesterol to bile acids, an important pathway of elimination of cholesterol from the body.
Abstract: The effect of feeding curcumin, capsaicin, ginger, mustard, black pepper and cumin on cholesterol and bile acid metabolism was studied in rats. The activity of hepatic cholesterol-7 alpha-hydroxylase, the rate-limiting enzyme of bile acid biosynthesis, was significantly elevated in curcumin (turmeric), capsaicin (red pepper), ginger and mustard treated animals. The enzyme activity was comparable to controls in black pepper and cumin fed rats. Serum and liver microsomal cholesterol contents were significantly higher in the curcumin and capsaicin treated animals. Thus, this study has suggested that the spices--turmeric, red pepper, ginger and mustard can stimulate the conversion of cholesterol to bile acids, an important pathway of elimination of cholesterol from the body. However, simultaneous stimulation of cholesterol synthesis by the spice principles--curcumin and capsaicin suggests that there may not be any significant contribution of stimulation of bile acid biosynthesis to the hypocholesterolemic action of these spices, and the latter action may solely be due to interference with exogenous cholesterol absorption.

177 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Results indicate that TDS induces substantial DNA damage in calf thymus DNA and human lymphocytes and Aq.T is an efficient protectant.

46 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Curcumin interacts with glutathione spontaneously and more rapidly in the presence of glutathion S -transferase, and the interaction may involve Michael-type addition reaction between the α,β-unsaturated chromophore of curcumin and the nucleophilic glutATHione.

30 citations


Patent
24 Jul 1991
TL;DR: In this paper, a cell-protective agent containing curcuminoid ingredient(s) in turmeric, highly excellent in the activity to protect cells from active oxygen compounds, and useful esp. as a raw material for cosmetics.
Abstract: PURPOSE: To obtain a cell-protective agent containing curcuminoid ingredient(s) in turmeric, highly excellent in the activity to protect cells from active oxygen compounds, and useful esp. as a raw material for cosmetics. CONSTITUTION: This cell-protecting agent contains (A) as the essential ingredient, 25μm of at least one kind of curcuminoid ingredient in turmeric, pref. selected from among curcumin, 4-hydroxycinnamoyl(feruloyl)methane and bis(4- hydroxycinnamoyl)methane, and pref. furthermore, (B) 100μm of ascorbic acid and/or (C) 50-100μg/ml of superoxide dismutase as synergistic agent. This agent affords effective protection of cells from active oxygen compounds contributing to cell damage, mutation, cancer and aging through lipid peroxidation, protein damage, nucleic acid alteration, etc.

4 citations


Patent
28 Oct 1991
TL;DR: In this paper, an anti-inflammatory agent is prepared by combining a curcuminoid obtained by substantially removing bisdesmethoxycurcumin from the cuminoid containing three compounds of cumin, desmethyltoxoxycumin, and bisde methoxycurmumin according to a flash chromatography using a silica gel.
Abstract: PURPOSE: To prepare an antiinflammatory agent, comprising a curcuminoid obtained by removing bisdesmethoxycurcumin and an essential oil of Curcuma domestica or/and an essential oil of Curcuma xanthorrhiza and capable of enhancing analgesic effects of the curcuminoid. CONSTITUTION: This antiinflammatory agent is prepared by combining (A) a curcuminoid obtained by substantially removing bisdesmethoxycurcumin from the curcuminoid containing three compounds of curcumin, desmethoxycurcumin and bisdesmethoxycurcumin according to a flash chromatography using a silica gel (23-400 mesh), (B) an essential oil extracted from a tissue of Curcuma domestica and/or (C) an essential oil extracted from a tissue of Curcuma xanthorrhiza at 1:(5-15):(2-7.5) ratio, preferably 1:(7.5-10):(2.5-5) ratio of the ingredients A:B:C. The ratio of the ingredient B is about 2 times that of the ingredient C.

3 citations