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Currency

About: Currency is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 26697 publications have been published within this topic receiving 485370 citations. The topic is also known as: monetary unit & unit of money.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors provided the first bank-level analysis of the relationship between bank ownership, bank funding and foreign currency (FX) lending across emerging Europe based on survey data from 193 banks in 20 countries.
Abstract: Based on survey data from 193 banks in 20 countries we provide the first bank-level analysis of the relationship between bank ownership, bank funding and foreign currency (FX) lending across emerging Europe. Our results contradict the widespread view that foreign banks have been driving FX lending to retail clients as a result of easier access to foreign wholesale funding. Our cross-sectional analysis shows that foreign banks do lend more in FX to corporate clients but not to households. Moreover, we find no evidence that wholesale funding had a strong causal effect on FX lending for either foreign or domestic banks. Panel estimations show that the foreign acquisition of a domestic bank does lead to faster growth in FX lending to households. However, this is driven by faster growth in household lending in general not by a shift towards FX lending.

105 citations

Posted Content
TL;DR: In this article, the authors propose ways to build typologies in a flexible framework, able to include further developments of the matter, and propose a distinction between local, community and complementary currencies, based on the schemes' projects, formulated through redistribution, reciprocity and market criteria.
Abstract: Since the emergence of "CCs" thirty years ago, attempts to build typologies and to name things properly have always been disappointing, as if the very object of the analysis escaped from any rigid classification. A major problem that arises with regards to CCs is the obsolescence of previous typologies, due to rapid innovation and the weakening of borders (technological, juridical, political, ideological...) that seemed unlikely to be broken down. Even the terms "complementary currency", "community currency" and many others (with language specificities in English as well as in other languages - for example, in Latin language-speaking countries, something like "social money" is frequently employed) are not considered similarly by activists, scholars, policy-makers or users. As a result, there is no common typology shared by scholars, activists and observers, beyond a series of general considerations clearly distinguishing specific items between CC schemes. Building a typology requires first to state the precise objectives of it; different objectives may lead to different typologies. The present short paper aims at proposing ways to build typologies in a flexible framework, able to include further developments of the matter. Section 2 discusses the principles of a CC typology. Section 3 proposes a distinction between local, community, and complementary currencies, based on the schemes' projects, formulated through redistribution, reciprocity and market criteria. Section 4 distinguishes, in the recent past, four generations of CC schemes, related to combination of previous ideal types : unconvertible community schemes like LETS and trueque (G1), pure time exchange schemes (G2), convertible currencies with local economic objectives like Regio, Palmas or Ithaca currencies (G3) and multiplex schemes like NU and SOL projects (G4). Section 5 concludes. Available online : [ http://ijccr.net/2012/05/29/classifying-ccs-community-complementary-and-local-currencies/ ]

105 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
Eric Helleiner1
TL;DR: In this article, the authors suggest that national currencies might foster national identities in five ways: (a) providing a vehicle for nationalist imagery that constructs a sense of collective tradition and memory, acting as a common medium of social communication that may facilitate the communicative efficiency of members of the nation and encourage similar frameworks of thought, creating collective monetary experiences that can bolster the feeling of membership in a national community of shared fate, contributing to a popular sovereignty, at least insofar as the national currency is managed in a way that corresponds with the people's wishes, and strengthening the kind of quasi-
Abstract: In what ways do national currencies contribute to a sense of national identity? Building on the insights of 19th-and early 20th-century observers, the author suggests that national currencies might foster national identities in five ways: (a) providing a vehicle for nationalist imagery that constructs a sense of collective tradition and memory, (b) acting as a common medium of social communication that may facilitate the “communicative efficiency” of members of the nation and encourage similar frameworks of thought, (c) creating collective monetary experiences that can bolster the feeling of membership in a national community of shared fate, (d) contributing to a sense of popular sovereignty, at least insofar as the national currency is managed in a way that corresponds with the people's wishes, and (e) strengthening the kind of quasi-religious faith that is associated with nationalism, especially when the currency is managed in a stable manner.

105 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This paper examined the suitability of countries in the west African region to form the proposed monetary unions, the West African Monetary Zone (WAMZ) and the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS).

105 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the preeminence of criteria postulated in the theory of optimum currency areas, i.e., individual structural characteristics, was analyzed for the choice of exchange rate regimes by developing countries in the period 1977-1995.

105 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
20244
20231,221
20222,371
2021730
2020944
20191,044