Curriculum

About: Curriculum is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 177580 publications have been published within this topic receiving 2353419 citations.

Cultural Humility Versus Cultural Competence: A Critical Distinction in Defining Physician Training Outcomes in Multicultural Education

Abstract: Researchers and program developers in medical education presently face the challenge of implementing and evaluating curricula that teach medical students and house staff how to effectively and respect- fully deliver health care to the increasingly diverse populations of the United States. Inherent in this challenge is clearly defining educational and training outcomes consistent with this imperative. The traditional notion of competence in clinical training as a detached mastery of a theoretically finite body of knowledge may not be appropriate for this area of physician education. Cultural humility is proposed as a more suitable goal in multicultural medical education. Cultural humility incorporates a lifelong commitment to self-evaluation and self-critique, to redressing the power imbalances in the patient-physician dynamic, and to developing mutually beneficial and nonpaternalistic clinical and advocacy partner- ships with communities on behalf of individuals and defined populations.

Dialogic Inquiry: Towards a Socio-cultural Practice and Theory of Education

Abstract: For more than a quarter of a century, the polemics surrounding educational reform have centered on two points of view: those who favor a 'progressive' child-centered form of education, and those who would prefer a return to a more structured, teacher-directed curriculum, which emphasizes basic knowledge and skills. Vygotsky's social constructivist theory offers an alternative solution, placing stress on co-construction of knowledge by more and less mature participants engaging in joint activity together, with semiotic mediation as the primary means whereby the less mature participants can seek solutions to everyday problems, using the resources existing in society. In addition to using illustrative examples from classroom studies, a comparative analysis of the theories and complementary developments in works by Vygotsky, and the linguist M. A. K. Halliday, are provided. This unique volume will be of tremendous benefit to those in the field of education, as well as to sociolinguists, psychologists and researchers.

TRANSFORMING PRELICENSURE NURSING EDUCATION: Preparing the New Nurse to Meet Emerging Health Care Needs

Abstract: The Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching joins a chorus of calls for transformation of prelicensure nursing education (Benner, Sutphen, Leonard, & Day, 2009). Citing the shift of significant responsibility to nurses for managing complex medical regimens, as well as the increasing complexity of community-based practices, Benner and colleagues concluded that nurses entering the field are not equipped with the essential knowledge and skills for today's practice nor prepared to continue learning for tomorrow's nursing (p. 31). They found: a) weak curricula in natural sciences, technology, social sciences, and humanities, and in developing cultural competency; b) weak classroom instruction and limited integration between classroom and clinical experiences; c) limited strategies in helping students develop habits of inquiry, raising clinical questions, seeking evidence for practices; d) faculty and student perception that students are ill prepared for their first job and dissatisfaction with the teaching preparation of current nursing faculty; and e) multiple pathways to eligibility for the licensure examination, with tremendous variability in prerequisites, curricular requirements, and the quality of offerings.

Engineering Design Thinking, Teaching, and Learning

Abstract: This paper is based on the premises that the purpose of engineering education is to graduate engineers who can design, and that design thinking is complex. The paper begins by briefly reviewing the history and role of design in the engineering curriculum. Several dimensions of design thinking are then detailed, explaining why design is hard to learn and harder still to teach, and outlining the research available on how well design thinking skills are learned. The currently most-favored pedagogical model for teaching design, project-based learning (PBL), is explored next, along with available assessment data on its success. Two contexts for PBL are emphasized: first-year cornerstone courses and globally dispersed PBL courses. Finally, the paper lists some of the open research questions that must be answered to identify the best pedagogical practices of improving design learning, after which it closes by making recommendations for research aimed at enhancing design learning.