Topic
Cyber-physical system
About: Cyber-physical system is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 11096 publications have been published within this topic receiving 162489 citations. The topic is also known as: CPS.
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TL;DR: This work considers a black-box approach, where the optimization is performed by testing the input-output behaviour of the CPS, and provides a unified, tool-supported methodology for CPS testing and optimization.
Abstract: Many problems in the design and analysis of cyber-physical systems (CPS) reduce to the following optimization problem: given a CPS which transforms continuous-time input traces in Rm to continuous-time output traces in Rn and a cost function over output traces, find an input trace which minimizes the cost. Cyber-physical systems are typically so complex that solving the optimization problem analytically by examining the system dynamics is not feasible. We consider a black-box approach, where the optimization is performed by testing the input-output behaviour of the CPS. We provide a unified, tool-supported methodology for CPS testing and optimization. Our tool is the first CPS testing tool that supports Bayesian optimization. It is also the first to employ fully automated dimensionality reduction techniques. We demonstrate the potential of our tool by running experiments on multiple industrial case studies. We compare the effectiveness of Bayesian optimization to state-of-the-art testing techniques based on CMA-ES and Simulated Annealing.
62 citations
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TL;DR: A resource sharing-based framework for CPSs that combines elements from graph theory and social welfare to describe complex arrangements of overlapping task and resource communities in CPSs, with the objective of maximising CPS utility through decentralised control is developed.
Abstract: Cyber-physical systems (CPSs) have attracted significant research interest because of their promising applications across different domains; nonetheless, how to effectively model CPSs in real applications is still a challenge. In this article, a resource sharing-based framework (RSBF) for CPSs is developed to enable flexible modelling of a wide range of CPSs and systems of CPSs, with specific focus on resource sharing. RSBF combines elements from graph theory and social welfare to describe complex arrangements of overlapping task and resource communities in CPSs, with the objective of maximising CPS utility through decentralised control. The framework implementation is validated through three case studies: scheduling in smart factories, energy distribution in smart grids and information routing in multi-robot systems. Results show that RSBF can successfully represent the dissimilar systems under study. Furthermore, performance analysis on benchmark scheduling problems yields near-optimal results with less...
62 citations
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TL;DR: A cross-layer design framework for resource-constrained cyber-physical systems that combines control-theoretic methods at the functional layer and cybersecurity techniques at the embedded platform layer, and addresses security together with other design metrics such as control performance under resource and real-time constraints is proposed.
Abstract: Security attacks may have disruptive consequences on cyber-physical systems, and lead to significant social and economic losses. Building secure cyber-physical systems is particularly challenging due to the variety of attack surfaces from the cyber and physical components, and often to limited computation and communication resources. In this paper, we propose a cross-layer design framework for resource-constrained cyber-physical systems. The framework combines control-theoretic methods at the functional layer and cybersecurity techniques at the embedded platform layer, and addresses security together with other design metrics such as control performance under resource and real-time constraints. We use the concept of interface variables to capture the interactions between control and platform layers, and quantitatively model the relation among system security, performance, and schedulability via interface variables. The general codesign framework is customized and refined to the automotive domain, and its effectiveness is demonstrated through an industrial case study and a set of synthetic examples.
61 citations
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13 Apr 2010TL;DR: Experimental results obtained through this case study give evidence of the feasibility and efficacy of these steps towards the overall goal: to develop a Cyber-physical Instrument for Real-time hybrid Structural Testing (CIRST).
Abstract: Real-time hybrid testing of civil structures, in which computational models and physical components must be integrated with high fidelity at run-time, represents a grand challenge in the emerging area of cyber-physical systems. Actuator dynamics, complex interactions among computers and physical components, and computation and communication delays all must be managed carefully to achieve accurate tests.In this paper we present a case study of several fundamental interlocking challenges in developing and evaluating cyber-physical systems for real-time hybrid structural testing: (1) how physical and simulated components can be integrated flexibly and efficiently within a common reusable middleware architecture; (2) how predictable timing can be achieved atop commonly available hardware and software platforms; and (3) how physical vs. simulated versions of different components within a system can be interchanged with high fidelity between comparable configurations. Experimental results obtained through this case study give evidence of the feasibility and efficacy of these steps towards our overall goal: to develop a Cyber-physical Instrument for Real-time hybrid Structural Testing (CIRST).
61 citations
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TL;DR: This manuscript presents an approach to develop models of the decisions of the cyber-physical intruder who is attacking the systems and the system operator who is defending it, and demonstrates its usefulness for design.
Abstract: Recent years have seen increased interest in the design and deployment of smart grid devices and control algorithms. Each of these smart communicating devices represents a potential access point for an intruder spurring research into intruder prevention and detection. However, no security measures are complete, and intruding attackers will compromise smart grid devices leading to the attacker and the system operator interacting via the grid and its control systems. The outcome of these machine-mediated human-human interactions will depend on the design of the physical and control systems mediating the interactions. If these outcomes can be predicted via simulation, they can be used as a tool for designing attack-resilient grids and control systems. However, accurate predictions require good models of not just the physical and control systems, but also of the human decision making. In this manuscript, we present an approach to develop such tools, i.e. models of the decisions of the cyber-physical intruder who is attacking the systems and the system operator who is defending it, and demonstrate its usefulness for design.
61 citations