Cyclohexanone

About: Cyclohexanone is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 7205 publications have been published within this topic receiving 99572 citations. The topic is also known as: Anone & Cyclohexyl ketone.

Sn-zeolite beta as a heterogeneous chemoselective catalyst for Baeyer – Villiger oxidations

Abstract: The Baeyer-Villiger oxidation, first reported more than 100 years ago, has evolved into a versatile reaction widely used to convert ketones-readily available building blocks in organic chemistry-into more complex and valuable esters and lactones Catalytic versions of the Baeyer-Villiger oxidation are particularly attractive for practical applications, because catalytic transformations simplify processing conditions while minimizing reactant use as well as waste production Further benefits are expected from replacing peracids, the traditionally used oxidant, by cheaper and less polluting hydrogen peroxide Dissolved platinum complexes and solid acids, such as zeolites or sulphonated resins, efficiently activate ketone oxidation by hydrogen peroxide But these catalysts lack sufficient selectivity for the desired product if the starting material contains functional groups other than the ketone group; they perform especially poorly in the presence of carbon-carbon double bonds Here we show that upon incorporation of 16 weight per cent tin into its framework, zeolite beta acts as an efficient and stable heterogeneous catalyst for the Baeyer-Villiger oxidation of saturated as well as unsaturated ketones by hydrogen peroxide, with the desired lactones forming more than 98% of the reaction products We ascribe this high selectivity to direct activation of the ketone group, whereas other catalysts first activate hydrogen peroxide, which can then interact with the ketone group as well as other functional groups

A green' route to adipic acid: Direct oxidation of cyclohexenes with 30 percent hydrogen peroxide

Abstract: Currently, the industrial production of adipic acid uses nitric acid oxidation of cyclohexanol or a cyclohexanol/cyclohexanone mixture. The nitrous oxide emission from this process measurably contributes to global warming and ozone depletion. Therefore, the development of an adipic acid production process that is less damaging to the environment is an important subject in chemical research. Cyclohexene can now be oxidized directly to colorless crystalline adipic acid with aqueous 30 percent hydrogen peroxide under organic solvent- and halide-free conditions, which could provide an ideal solution to this serious problem.

Highly selective hydrogenation of phenol and derivatives over a Pd@carbon nitride catalyst in aqueous media

Abstract: Cyclohexanone is an important intermediate in the manufacture of polyamides in chemical industry, but direct selective hydrogenation of phenol to cyclohexanone under mild conditions is a challenge....

Selective oxidation using gold

Abstract: This critical review covers the recent development of the catalytic properties of gold in the selective oxidation of organic compounds, highlighting the exciting contribution to the art of catalysis. The unique, outstanding properties of nanometre-scale particles of gold, a biocompatible non-toxic metal, have allowed the development of a new generation of stable and selective catalysts for the conversion of many organic feedstocks to valuable chemicals. A critical discussion of the results of different research groups is presented along with attempts to correlate the catalytic properties with catalyst morphology in non-equivalent series of experiments. Particular emphasis has been given to the international efforts towards optimised synthesis of products of industrial appeal such as propylene oxide, vinyl acetate monomer, cyclohexanol/cyclohexanone, gluconic acid and glyceric acid (168 references).

Cyclohexane oxidation continues to be a challenge

Abstract: Many efforts have been made to develop new catalysts to oxidize cyclohexane under mild conditions. Herein, we review the most interesting systems for this process with different oxidants such as hydrogen peroxide, tert -butyl hydroperoxide and molecular oxygen. Using H 2 O 2 , Na-GeX has been shown to be a most stable and active catalyst. Mesoporous TS-1 and Ti-MCM-41 are also stable, but the use of other metals such as Cr, V, Fe and Mo leads to leaching of the metal. Homogeneous systems based on binuclear manganese(IV) complexes have also been shown to be interesting. When t -BuOOH is used, the active systems are those phthalocyanines based on Ru, Co and Cu and polyoxometalates of dinuclear ruthenium and palladium. Microporous metallosilicates containing different transition metals showed leaching of the metal during the reactions. Molecular oxygen can be used directly as an oxidant and decreases the leaching of active species in comparison to hydrogen peroxide and tert -butyl hydroperoxide. Metal aluminophosphates (metal: Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Cr V) are active and relatively stable under such conditions. Mn-AlPO-36 yields directly adipic acid, but large amounts of carboxylic acids should be avoided, as they cause metal leaching from the catalysts. Rare earth exchanged zeolite Y also shows good selectivity and activity. In the last part of the review, novel alternative strategies for the production of cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone and the direct synthesis of adipic acid are discussed.