Topic
Cytotoxic T cell
About: Cytotoxic T cell is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 92492 publications have been published within this topic receiving 4768477 citations. The topic is also known as: killer T cell & cytotoxic T lymphocyte.
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TL;DR: T cell exhaustion was progressive, and gene-expression profiling indicated that T cell exhaustion and anergy were distinct processes, which provides a framework for designing rational immunotherapies during chronic infections.
1,705 citations
TL;DR: An important role is suggested for CD8α+ dendritic cells and cross-presentation in responses to viruses and in tumor rejection in Batf3–/– mice.
Abstract: Although in vitro observations suggest that cross-presentation of antigens is mediated primarily by CD8α+ dendritic cells, in vivo analysis has been hampered by the lack of systems that selectively eliminate this cell lineage. We show that deletion of the transcription factor Batf3 ablated development of CD8α+ dendritic cells, allowing us to examine their role in immunity in vivo. Dendritic cells from Batf3–/– mice were defective in cross-presentation, and Batf3–/– mice lacked virus-specific CD8+ T cell responses to West Nile virus. Importantly, rejection of highly immunogenic syngeneic tumors was impaired in Batf3–/– mice. These results suggest an important role for CD8α+ dendritic cells and cross-presentation in responses to viruses and in tumor rejection.
1,701 citations
TL;DR: IL-12 and CD16+ cells appear to have inhibitory effects on the development of IL-4-producing cells and to play an inductive role in promoting Th1-like responses.
Abstract: The effects exerted on the in vitro development of antigen-specific T cell lines and T cell clones by addition or neutralization of interleukin 12 (IL-12) in lymphocyte bulk culture were examined. T cell lines specific for Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus group I (Der p I) derived in the presence of IL-12 exhibited reduced ability to produce IL-4 and increased ability to produce interferon gamma (IFN-gamma), and developed into Der p I-specific CD4+ T cell clones showing a T helper type 0 (Th0)- or Th1-, instead of Th2-, like cytokine profile. In contrast, purified protein derivative (PPD)-specific T cell lines derived in the presence of anti-IL-12 antibody exhibited an increased ability to produce IL-4 and developed into PPD-specific CD4+ T cell clones showing a Th0-, instead of Th1-, like profile. The influence of IL-12 on the cytokine secretion profile of Der p I-specific T cell lines was not prevented by addition to lymphocyte bulk cultures of anti-IFN-gamma antibody, but could be at least partially inhibited by the removal from bulk cultures of CD16+ cells. Thus, IL-12 and CD16+ cells appear to have inhibitory effects on the development of IL-4-producing cells and to play an inductive role in promoting Th1-like responses.
1,700 citations
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that CD4+CD25+ T cells do produce high levels of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 and interleukin (IL)-10 compared with CD4-CD25− T cells when stimulated by plate-bound anti- CD3 and soluble anti-CD28 and/or IL-2, and secretion of TGF-β1 (but not other cytokines), and it is observed here that such suppression is abolished by the presence of anti–
Abstract: CD4+CD25+ T cells have been identified as a population of immunoregulatory T cells, which mediate suppression of CD4+CD25− T cells by cell–cell contact and not secretion of suppressor cytokines. In this study, we demonstrated that CD4+CD25+ T cells do produce high levels of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 and interleukin (IL)-10 compared with CD4+CD25− T cells when stimulated by plate-bound anti-CD3 and soluble anti-CD28 and/or IL-2, and secretion of TGF-β1 (but not other cytokines), is further enhanced by costimulation via cytotoxic T lymphocyte–associated antigen (CTLA)-4. As in prior studies, we found that CD4+CD25+ T cells suppress proliferation of CD4+CD25− T cells; however, we observed here that such suppression is abolished by the presence of anti–TGF-β. In addition, we found that CD4+CD25+ T cells suppress B cell immunoglobulin production and that anti–TGF-β again abolishes such suppression. Finally, we found that stimulated CD4+CD25+ T cells but not CD4+CD25− T cells express high and persistent levels of TGF-β1 on the cell surface. This, plus the fact that we could find no evidence that a soluble factor mediates suppression, strongly suggests that CD4+CD25+ T cells exert immunosuppression by a cell–cell interaction involving cell surface TGF-β1.
1,694 citations
TL;DR: The data suggest that the Tim-3–galectin-9 pathway may have evolved to ensure effective termination of effector TH1 cells.
Abstract: Tim-3 is a T helper type 1 (T(H)1)-specific cell surface molecule that seems to regulate T(H)1 responses and the induction of peripheral tolerance. However, the identity of the Tim-3 ligand and the mechanism by which this ligand inhibits the function of effector T(H)1 cells remain unknown. Here we show that galectin-9 is the Tim-3 ligand. Galectin-9-induced intracellular calcium flux, aggregation and death of T(H)1 cells were Tim-3-dependent in vitro, and administration of galectin-9 in vivo resulted in selective loss of interferon-gamma-producing cells and suppression of T(H)1 autoimmunity. These data suggest that the Tim-3-galectin-9 pathway may have evolved to ensure effective termination of effector T(H)1 cells.
1,683 citations