Topic
Cytotoxic T cell
About: Cytotoxic T cell is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 92492 publications have been published within this topic receiving 4768477 citations. The topic is also known as: killer T cell & cytotoxic T lymphocyte.
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TL;DR: These findings support the use of Tim-3–Tim-3L blockade together with PD-1–PD-L1 blockade to reverse tumor-induced T cell exhaustion/dysfunction in patients with advanced melanoma.
Abstract: The paradoxical coexistence of spontaneous tumor antigen–specific immune responses with progressive disease in cancer patients furthers the need to dissect the molecular pathways involved in tumor-induced T cell dysfunction. In patients with advanced melanoma, we have previously shown that the cancer-germline antigen NY-ESO-1 stimulates spontaneous NY-ESO-1–specific CD8+ T cells that up-regulate PD-1 expression. We also observed that PD-1 regulates NY-ESO-1–specific CD8+ T cell expansion upon chronic antigen stimulation. In the present study, we show that a fraction of PD-1+ NY-ESO-1–specific CD8+ T cells in patients with advanced melanoma up-regulates Tim-3 expression and that Tim-3+PD-1+ NY-ESO-1–specific CD8+ T cells are more dysfunctional than Tim-3−PD-1+ and Tim-3−PD-1− NY-ESO-1–specific CD8+ T cells, producing less IFN-γ, TNF, and IL-2. Tim-3–Tim-3L blockade enhanced cytokine production by NY-ESO-1–specific CD8+ T cells upon short ex vivo stimulation with cognate peptide, thus enhancing their functional capacity. In addition, Tim-3–Tim-3L blockade enhanced cytokine production and proliferation of NY-ESO-1–specific CD8+ T cells upon prolonged antigen stimulation and acted in synergy with PD-1–PD-L1 blockade. Collectively, our findings support the use of Tim-3–Tim-3L blockade together with PD-1–PD-L1 blockade to reverse tumor-induced T cell exhaustion/dysfunction in patients with advanced melanoma.
1,108 citations
TL;DR: Specific cell-mediated cytotoxicity in vitro can be divided into three categories according to the nature of the effector cells, which is most often highly specific and requires intimate contact rather than release of diffusible toxic factors.
Abstract: Publisher Summary The term “cell-mediated cytotoxicity” applies to lytic reactions that require the participation of lymphoid or non-lymphoid cells but not of added complement. It has been clearly established that several pathways, including different cell types, are involved in cytotoxic reactions in vitro. With membrane-associated antigens, such as transplantation, and tumor-associated antigens, the cytotoxic effect of effector cells on adequate target cells is most often highly specific and requires intimate contact rather than release of diffusible toxic factors. Specific cell-mediated cytotoxicity in vitro can be divided into three categories according to the nature of the effector cells.
1,107 citations
TL;DR: It is reported that interleukin 23 and the transcription factor RORγt drove expression of the cytokine GM-CSF in helper T cells, whereas IL-12, interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and IL-27 acted as negative regulators.
Abstract: Although the role of the T(H)1 and T(H)17 subsets of helper T cells as disease mediators in autoimmune neuroinflammation remains a subject of some debate, none of their signature cytokines are essential for disease development. Here we report that interleukin 23 (IL-23) and the transcription factor RORγt drove expression of the cytokine GM-CSF in helper T cells, whereas IL-12, interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and IL-27 acted as negative regulators. Autoreactive helper T cells specifically lacking GM-CSF failed to initiate neuroinflammation despite expression of IL-17A or IFN-γ, whereas GM-CSF secretion by Ifng(-/-)Il17a(-/-) helper T cells was sufficient to induce experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). During the disease effector phase, GM-CSF sustained neuroinflammation via myeloid cells that infiltrated the central nervous system. Thus, in contrast to all other known helper T cell-derived cytokines, GM-CSF serves a nonredundant function in the initiation of autoimmune inflammation regardless of helper T cell polarization.
1,106 citations
TL;DR: It is suggested that modulated bcl-2 expression is a determinant of life and death in normal lymphocytes in mice expressing an E mu-bCl-2 transgene within the T lymphoid compartment.
1,103 citations
TL;DR: The early decision towards Thl and Th2 cells in the immune response is dependent on the balance between IL-12, which favored Thl responses, and IL-4, which favors Th2 responses.
1,097 citations