Cytotoxic T cell

About: Cytotoxic T cell is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 92492 publications have been published within this topic receiving 4768477 citations. The topic is also known as: killer T cell & cytotoxic T lymphocyte.

Clonal Expansions of Cd8+ T Cells Dominate the T Cell Infiltrate in Active Multiple Sclerosis Lesions as Shown by Micromanipulation and Single Cell Polymerase Chain Reaction

Abstract: Clonal composition and T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells infiltrating actively demyelinating multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions were determined with unprecedented resolution at the level of single cells. Individual CD4+ or CD8+ T cells were isolated from frozen sections of lesional tissue by micromanipulation and subjected to single target amplification of TCR-β gene rearrangements. This strategy allows the assignment of a TCR variable region (V region) sequence to the particular T cell from which it was amplified. Sequence analysis revealed that in both cases investigated, the majority of CD8+ T cells belonged to few clones. One of these clones accounted for 35% of CD8+ T cells in case 1. V region sequence comparison revealed signs of selection for common peptide specificities for some of the CD8+ T cells in case 1. In both cases, the CD4+ T cell population was more heterogeneous. Most CD4+ and CD8+ clones were represented in perivascular infiltrates as well as among parenchymal T cells. In case 2, two of the CD8+ clones identified in brain tissue were also detected in peripheral blood. Investigation of the antigenic specificities of expanded clones may help to elucidate their functional properties.

Type I interferons act directly on CD8 T cells to allow clonal expansion and memory formation in response to viral infection.

Abstract: T cell expansion and memory formation are generally more effective when elicited by live organisms than by inactivated vaccines. Elucidation of the underlying mechanisms is important for vaccination and therapeutic strategies. We show that the massive expansion of antigen-specific CD8 T cells that occurs in response to viral infection is critically dependent on the direct action of type I interferons (IFN-Is) on CD8 T cells. By examining the response to infection with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus using IFN-I receptor-deficient (IFN-IR(0)) and -sufficient CD8 T cells adoptively transferred into normal IFN-IR wild-type hosts, we show that the lack of direct CD8 T cell contact with IFN-I causes >99% reduction in their capacity to expand and generate memory cells. The diminished expansion of IFN-IR(0) CD8 T cells was not caused by a defect in proliferation but by poor survival during the antigen-driven proliferation phase. Thus, IFN-IR signaling in CD8 T cells is critical for the generation of effector and memory cells in response to viral infection.

Identification of a putative regulator of early T cell activation genes

Abstract: Molecules involved in the antigen receptor-dependent regulation of early T cell activation genes were investigated with the use of functional sequences of the T cell activation-specific enhancer of interleukin-2 (IL-2). One of these sequences forms a protein complex, NFAT-1, specifically with nuclear extracts of activated T cells. This complex appeared 10 to 25 minutes before the activation of the IL-2 gene. Studies with inhibitors of protein synthesis indicated that the time of synthesis of the activator of the IL-2 gene in Jurkat T cells corresponds to the time of appearance of NFAT-1. NFAT-1, or a very similar protein, bound functional sequences of the long terminal repeat (LTR) of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1; the LTR of this virus is known to be stimulated during early T cell activation. The binding site for this complex activated a linked promoter after transfection into antigen receptor-activated T cells but not other cell types. These characteristics suggest that NFAT-1 transmits signals initiated at the T cell antigen receptor.

Direct Visualization of Antigen-specific CD8+T Cells during the Primary Immune Response to Epstein-Barr Virus In Vivo

Abstract: Primary infection with virus can stimulate a vigorous cytotoxic T cell response. The magnitude of the antigen-specific component versus the bystander component of a primary T cell response remains controversial. In this study, we have used tetrameric major histocompatibility complex–peptide complexes to directly visualize antigen-specific cluster of differentration (CD)8+ T cells during the primary immune response to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection in humans. We show that massive expansion of activated, antigen-specific T cells occurs during the primary response to this virus. In one individual, T cells specific for a single EBV epitope comprised 44% of the total CD8+ T cells within peripheral blood. The majority of the antigen-specific cells had an activated/memory phenotype, with expression of human histocompatibility leukocyte antigen (HLA) DR, CD38, and CD45RO, downregulation of CD62 leukocyte (CD62L), and low levels of expression of CD45RA. After recovery from AIM, the frequency of antigen-specific T cells fell in most donors studied, although populations of antigen-specific cells continued to be easily detectable for at least 3 yr.

A listing of human tumor antigens recognized by T cells.

Abstract: Complete list of abbreviations of tumor antigens 707-AP 707 alanine proline-AFP alpha (α)-fetoprotein-ART-4 adenocarcinoma antigen recognized by T cells 4 BAGE B antigen-β-catenin/m β-catenin/mutated-Bcr-abl breakpoint cluster region-Abelson - CAMEL CTL-recognized antigen on melanoma CAP-1 carcinoembryonic antigen peptide-1-CASP-8 caspase-8 CDC27m cell-division-cycle 27 mutated-CDK4/m cycline-dependent kinase 4 mutated-CEA carcino-embryonic antigen-CT cancer/testis (antigen)-Cyp-B cyclophilin B DAM differentiation antigen melanoma (the epitopes of DAM-6 and DAM-10 are equivalent, but the gene sequences are different; DAM-6 is also called MAGE-B2. and DAM-10 is also called MAGE-B1) ELF2M elongation factor 2 mutated ETV6-AML1 Ets variant gene 6/acute myeloid leukemia 1 gene ETS G250 glycoprotein 250 - GAGE G antigen GnT-V N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase V -Gp100 glycoprotein 100 kDa-HAGE helicose antigen-HER-2/neu human epidermal receptor-2/ neurological - HLA-A * 0201-R1701 arginine (R) to isoleucine (I) exchange at residue 170 of the α-helix of the α2-domain in the HLA-A2 gene HPV-E7 human papilloma virus E7 HSP70-2M heat shock protein 70-2 mutated HST-2 human signet ring tumor-2 hTERT or hTRT human telomerase reverse transcriptase-iCE intestinal carboxyl esterase KIAA0205 name of the gene as it appears in databases-LAGE L antigen LDLR/FUT low-density lipid receptor/GDP-L-fucose: β-D-galactosidase 2-α-L-fucosyltransferase MAGE melanoma antigen MART-1/Melan-A melanoma antigen recognized by T cells-1/melanoma antigen A MC1R melanocortin 1 receptor Myosin/m myosin mutated-MUC1 mucin 1-MUM-1, -2, -3 melanoma ubiquitous mutated 1, 2, 3 NA88-A NA cDNA clone of patient M88-NY-ESO-1 New York-esophagus 1 - P15 protein 15 p190 minor bcr-abl protein of 190 kDa ber-abl Pml/RARα promyelocytic leukaemia/retinoic acid receptor α-PRAME preferentially expressed antigen of melanoma PSA prostate-specific antigen-PSM prostate-specific membrane antigen-RAGE renal antigen RU1 or RU2 renal ubiquitous 1 or 2 SAGE sarcoma antigen SART-1 or SART-3 squamous antigen rejecting tumor 1 or 3-TEL/ AML1 translocation Ets-family leukemia/acute myeloid leukemia 1 TPI/m triosephosphate isomerase mutated TRP-1 tyrosinase related protein 1, or gp75 TRP-2 tyrosinase related protein 2 TRP-2/ INT2 TRP-2/intron 2 WT1 Wilms' tumor gene Abbreviations used ALL acute lymphoblastic leukemia AML acute myeloid leukemia-APL acute promyelocytic leukemia-CML chronic myelogenous leuke mia-CTL cytotoxic T lymphocytes-Ets E-26 transforming specific (family of transcription factors) H/N head and neck-MHC major histocompatibility complex-NSCLC non-small cell lung carcinoma-ORF open reading frame RCC renal cell carcinoma-SCC squamous cell carcinoma-TSTA tumor-specific transplantation antigens.