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Czech
About: Czech is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 7912 publications have been published within this topic receiving 43380 citations.
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01 Jan 1987
TL;DR: The Bilingual Aphasia Test (BAT) as discussed by the authors is a comprehensive language test designed to assess the differential loss or sparing of various language functions in previously bilingual individuals, where the individual is tested, separately, in each language he or she previously used, and then in the two languages simultaneously.
Abstract: The Bilingual Aphasia Test is a comprehensive language test designed to assess the differential loss or sparing of various language functions in previously bilingual individuals. The individual is tested, separately, in each language he or she previously used, and then in the two languages simultaneously. The testing is multimodal -- sampling hearing, speaking, reading, and writing; and multidimensional -- testing various linguistic levels (phonological, morphological, syntactic, lexical, and semantic), tasks (comprehension, repetition, judgment, lexical access and propositionizing), and units (words, sentences, and paragraphs). The BAT is structured as follows: * To test a bilingual aphasic, you will need the following testing elements: the stimulus books for each of the languages in which the individual was formerly fluent, the single-language tests for each of these languages, as well as the bilingual test that links them. For example, if you are testing an English-French bilingual aphasic, you will need an English stimulus book, a French stimulus book, an English single-language test, a French single-language test, and an English-French bilingual test. * The BAT can also be used to test monolingual aphasics. To test for monolingual aphasia, you will need the stimulus book and the single-language test in the language in which the individual was formerly fluent. * Professor Paradis' book, The Assessment of Bilingual Aphasia, provides the background material and serves as the manual for the test. The BAT is available in dozens of languages and language pairs. There are now 106 bilingual pairs available. Additional single-language and bilingual tests are being prepared continuously. If the language (or language pair) you need is not listed, please call LEA to find out if and when it will be available. Single-language materials are now available in: Amharic Arabic (Jordanian) Arabic (Maghrebian) Armenian (Eastern) Armenian (Western) Azari Basque Berber Bulgarian Catalan Chinese (Cantonese) Chinese (Mandarin) Croatian Czech Danish Dutch English Farsi Finnish French Friulian Galician German Greek Hebrew Hindi Hungarian Icelandic Inuktitut Italian Japanese Kannada Korean Kurdish Latvian Lithuanian Luganda Malagasy Norwegian Oryia Polish Portuguese (Brazilian) Portuguese (European) Rumanian Russian Somali Spanish (American) Spanish (European) Swahili Swedish Tagalog Tamil Turkish Ukrainian Urdu Vietnamese Yiddish Bilingual pairs are now available in: Amharic/English Amharic/French Arabic/Armenian Arabic/English Arabic/French Arabic/Somali Arabic/Swahili Armenian/English Armenian/Farsi Armenian/French Armenian/Russian Basque/English Basque/French Basque/Spanish Berber/English Berber/French Bulgarian/English Bulgarian/French Bulgarian/German Bulgarian/Russian Catalan/Spanish Chinese (Cantonese)/English Chinese (Mandarin)/English Chinese/French Croatian/English Croatian/French Croatian/Italian Czech/English Czech/German Czech/Russian Czech/Swedish Danish/English Danish/German Dutch/English Dutch/French Dutch/German Dutch/Hebrew English/Farsi English/Finnish English/French English/Friulian English/German English/Greek English/Hebrew English/Hindi English/Hungarian English/Icelandic English/Italian English/Japanese English/Korean English/Latvian English/Lithuanian English/Luganda English/Norwegian English/Polish English/Portuguese English/Rumanian English/Russian English/Serbian English/Somali English/Spanish English/Swahili English/Swedish English/Tagalog English/Turkish English/Urdu English/Vietnamese Farsi/French Farsi/Hebrew Finnish/French Finnish/Swedish French/Friulian French/German French/Greek French/Hebrew French/Hungarian French/Italian French/Japanese French/Malagasy French/Polish French/Rumanian French/Russian French/Serbian French/Somali French/Spanish French/Swahili French/Urdu French/Vietnamese Friulian/German Friulian/Italian Galician/Spanish German/Greek German/Hebrew German/Hungarian German/Italian German/Polish German/Russian German/Spanish German/Swedish Greek/Spanish Greek/Turkish Italian/Rumanian Italian/Spanish Portuguese/Spanish Russian/Swedish Somali/Swahili
402 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, a model of phonological change in Czech dialects is proposed, which distinguishes two logically different modes of change (abductive and deductive) and helps clarify the essential difference between 'internally motivated' change and change 'induced from without'.
Abstract: This article takes as its point of departure an unusual phonological change in a Czech dialect. It then propores a model of phonological change which would make possible the undentanding of structural innovationr in the phonology of a homogeneous speech community. The model, which distinguishes two logically different modes o£ change (abductive and deductive), helps clarify the essential difference between 'internally motivated' change and change 'induced from without'. The model uses our experience of observed phonetic changes, and may consequently have some bearing on our understanding of the structure of phonology. t.1. In some localities in the Litomysl area in northeastern Bohemia, the traditional dialects as still spoken toward the end of the l9th century differed from the surroundirlg Czech dialects by a striking peculiarity: the occunence of apico-alveolar consonants /t d n/ correspondmg to Proto-Slavic bilabial consonants p *b *m in a small and dimini.shing number of very common lesemes, e.g. /koutit/ (Standard Czech koupsti) 'buy', /tekiie/ (pdknZ) 'nicely'? /di:lej/ (bfl§) 'white', /deiet/ (bet«eti) 'run?, /deemeno/ (bremeno) 'burden?, /ni:t/ (mfti) 'have', /nesto/ (mGsto) 'town'.l The LitomyFl dentals are mentioned in several 19th century works on Czech dialectology; they were even used in literary works as late as the 1890's to characterize foLk speech in that area. But even at that time, the dentals occurred only in the speech of the oldest generation of speakers and were an object of ridicule, celebrated in alliterating jeers like /ti:te ti:vo Nak je s tenou/ (P{te pivo vGak je s pGnou!) 'Drink yor beer, never mind the head!' or /holoude f troude na di:li: ni:se/ (Holoube v troubG na bBlf mBse) 'The young pigeon in the oven is on a white platter.' Now only a couple of etymologically isolated lexemes preserve this peculiarity of the old TetAk dialects as I will call them.g. /prati:sko/ (prapBsek) 'door post', /didla/ (bidla) 'flail', if thev are indeed still used.2 But it is clear from the endence that at one time in the past-as recently as the 1840's, according to Hodura (cited in Bblid 1966:40) the dialects in question regularly had dentals as reflexes of Proto-Slanc labials in certain environments.
389 citations
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TL;DR: This paper examined the effect of oral and written language input on the development of phonological awareness (PA) in 4-, 5-, and 6-year-old Czech children and found that Czech children showed higher levels of awareness for complex onsets prior to formal schooling.
316 citations
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TL;DR: Phoneme awareness appears to be a core component skill of alphabetic literacy, which is equally important for learners of consistent and inconsistent orthographies.
272 citations